Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Opioid and sedative/hypnotic drug overdoses are major causes of morbidity in the U.S. This study compares 12-month incidence of fatal unintentional drug overdose, suicide, and other mortality among emergency department patients presenting with nonfatal opioid or sedative/hypnotic overdose. METHODS:This is a retrospective cohort study using statewide, longitudinally linked emergency department patient record and mortality data from California. Participants comprised all residents presenting to a licensed emergency department at least once in 2009-2011 with nonfatal unintentional opioid overdose, sedative/hypnotic overdose, or neither (a 5% random sample). Participants were followed for 1 year after index emergency department presentation to assess death from unintentional overdose, suicide, or other causes, ascertained using ICD-10 codes. Absolute death rates per 100,000 person years and standardized mortality ratios relative to the general population were calculated. Data were analyzed February-August 2019. RESULTS:Following the index emergency department visit, unintentional overdose death rates per 100,000 person years were 1,863 following opioid overdose, 342 following sedative/hypnotic overdose, and 31 for reference patients without an index overdose (respective standardized mortality ratios of 106.1, 95% CI=95.2, 116.9; 24.5, 95% CI=21.3, 27.6; and 2.6, 95% CI=2.2, 3.0). Suicide mortality rates per 100,000 were 319, 174, and 32 following opioid overdose, sedative/hypnotic overdose, and reference visits, respectively. Natural causes mortality rates per 100,000 were 8,058 (opioid overdose patients), 17,301 (sedative/hypnotic overdose patients), and 3,097 (reference patients). CONCLUSIONS:Emergency department patients with nonfatal opioid or sedative/hypnotic drug overdose have exceptionally high risks of death from unintentional overdose, suicide, and other causes. Emergency department-based interventions offer potential for reducing these patients' overdose and other mortality risks.
journal_name
Am J Prev Medjournal_title
American journal of preventive medicineauthors
Goldman-Mellor S,Olfson M,Lidon-Moyano C,Schoenbaum Mdoi
10.1016/j.amepre.2020.02.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-07-01 00:00:00pages
59-67issue
1eissn
0749-3797issn
1873-2607pii
S0749-3797(20)30128-8journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章abstract:CONTEXT:The study systematically reviewed articles on the association between tobacco smoking and periodontitis, as it has been hypothesized that smoking affects the course of periodontitis through impairment of immunological and vascular mechanisms. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION:Searches of articles indexed in PubMed, Scopus,...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.02.014
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the need for universal and better health education has been recognized, no nationwide comprehensive program has been established. Consequently, we are proposing founding a national program of statewide health education networks, comparable in some ways to the Cooperative Extension Services of Land-Grant and S...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:This study evaluated whether intervening with child care providers would increase physical activity (PA) and reduce adiposity in preschoolers. METHODS:This was a two-arm, parallel group, cluster RCT whereby six child care centers were randomly assigned in equal numbers to intervention (n=40 children) or c...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.03.024
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Adolescents' use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and exposure to e-cigarette TV advertising have increased in recent years, despite questions about their safety. The current study tests whether exposure to e-cigarette TV advertisements influences intentions to use e-cigarettes in the future and rel...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.05.010
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Health systems now employ more than half of U.S. physicians. They have the potential to affect primary care through decision support and financial incentives around clinical prevention guidelines. The processes by which they respond to and implement clinical guidelines remain largely unexplored. METHODS:I...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2017.07.025
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Numerous studies show that many primary care physicians (PCPs) do not discuss preventive health behaviors related to diet and exercise with their overweight patients. PURPOSE:To investigate whether certain counseling approaches by PCPs in their clinical encounters with patients are associated with improveme...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.12.005
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:There is an association between strength and health among adolescents, yet, what remains to be determined is sex-specific cut points for low strength in the detection of risk in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine thresholds of low grip strength in a large cohort (N=1,326) of adoles...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.019
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reported family medical history may be the most widely accessible genomics screen currently available. The worth of any population-screening tool may be measured by parameters such as sensitivity and specificity. There is some evidence and theory suggesting that family history of breast cancer may be more fr...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.05.002
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The disparity in health status between black and white Americans exists chiefly because of an excess of preventable disease in blacks. This situation calls for an increase in preventive services for blacks, services which might best be implemented or directed by black specialists in preventive medicine. However, there...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The goal of this pilot study was to correlate missed opportunities to immunize young children with providers' psychosocial characteristics and self-reported immunization practices. METHODS:In a population of children aged 0 to 36 months, missed opportunities to immunize were established for a sample of 28 p...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(01)00429-9
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alcohol-impaired driving caused 10,839 deaths in 2009. Alcohol-impaired driving fatalities as a percentage of all motor vehicle fatalities decreased from 1982 to 1999 but have remained stable since. Understanding characteristics of those who engage in this behavior is critical to achieving future reductions....
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.015
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Few prospective cohort studies have examined the association between physical activity (PA) and insomnia prevention, and the effective PA intensity remains unclear. This prospective study explores how PA intensity prevents incident short sleep duration and subjective insufficient sleep in middle-aged and o...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.12.006
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recognition of health disparities among underserved individuals, whose demographic, geographic, or economic characteristics impede access to health-related services, has led to calls for the development of medical school curricula that address care for the underserved, but reports of the development and eval...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.06.024
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Exercise and dietary behavioral counseling are effective clinical practices recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force to reduce cardiovascular disease risk among high-risk individuals. METHODS:Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2002 to 2015 were analyzed in 2018. Prevalence ratios of ...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.07.008
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Military Training Task Force of the Defense Safety Oversight Council chartered a Joint Services Physical Training Injury Prevention Working Group to: (1) establish the evidence base for making recommendations to prevent injuries; (2) prioritize the recommendations for prevention programs and policies; an...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.023
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Waterpipe use is common among U.S. young adults (aged 18-24 years), with estimates considerably higher than other age groups. Although studies have examined attitudes and beliefs associated with waterpipe use, no study has examined reasons for use in a nationally representative sample. METHODS:Using laten...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.06.004
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (2009 H1N1) was first identified in April 2009 and quickly spread around the world. The first doses of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine (2009 H1N1 vaccine) became available in the U.S. in early October 2009. Because people with asthma are at increased risk...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.08.004
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Numerous reports have documented a lower prevalence of seat belt use among blacks in the United States, compared with whites. Limited data suggest that black-white disparities in states with primary seat belt laws (motorists can be stopped and cited solely for violating a seat belt law) are less marked than ...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.03.024
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Editors' Note: We invited a sample of AJPM's Editorial Board, supplement guest editors, and longtime colleagues and contributors to share their experiences and impressions of the impact of AJPM on their respective domains. We were particularly fond of Ken Powell's analogy to being "tenders of the planted seed"--as pla...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,信件
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.09.006
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Faxed referrals from healthcare providers may provide a sustainable, low-cost mechanism for enrolling tobacco users in statewide quitlines, but few studies have evaluated implementation in real-world settings. This study evaluated the reach rates, enrollment rates, and participant characteristics of faxed re...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.12.004
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effectiveness of a class-wide lecture coupled with small group discussions was compared to the outcome of clinical instruction provided by patient instructors (PIs) who were specially trained to teach behavioral counseling skills for health promotion and lifestyle risk-factor modification. PIs are nonprofessionals...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In 1998, nearly 600 child occupants of motor vehicles aged younger than 4 years died in motor vehicle crashes. Yet approximately 29% of children aged 4 years and younger do not ride in appropriate child safety seat restraints, which, when correctly installed and used, reduce the need for hospitalization in t...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(01)00377-4
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Both medication and surgical interventions can be used to treat obesity, yet their use and effectiveness in routine clinical practice are not clear. This study sought to characterize the prevalence and management of patients with obesity within a large U.S. academic medical center. METHODS:All patients ag...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.01.018
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Although sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) cause tremendous health and economic burdens in our society, awareness and knowledge regarding STDs remain poor among health care providers. To examine missed opportunities for STD-related counseling, diagnosis and treatment, we investigated how frequently U.S. a...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(99)00139-7
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::For three consecutive years, beginning in 1986, we evaluated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors of medical students as part of the teaching program in a Preventive Cardiology Academic Award. Entering students in three consecutive classes were screened on the first day of orientation to medical school. The first...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Research is needed to understand parental factors influencing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, particularly in groups with a higher burden of cervical cancer. PURPOSE:To determine correlates of HPV vaccination among a sample of low-income parents of age-eligible daughters (aged 9-17 years) who called...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.09.003
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Recent data suggest that the onset of cigarette smoking is now more likely during young adulthood than adolescence. Additionally, the landscape of delivering smoking-cessation interventions has changed in the past decade, with the emergence of mobile phone and web-based approaches. The objective of this study i...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.01.021
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few national data exist to assess primary care physicians' (PCPs') clinical practices with regard to childhood obesity. PURPOSE:To survey pediatricians and family practice physicians regarding their assessment, counseling, and management of diet, physical activity, and weight status among pediatric patients...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.03.016
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Although some view the ownership of firearms as a deterrent to crime, the relationship between population-level firearm ownership rates and violent criminal perpetration is unclear. The purpose of this study is to test the association between state-level firearm ownership and violent crime. METHODS:State-...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.02.008
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper defines the appropriation and resource allocation structure of federal government programs that deliver vaccines to the public through state and local governments, with a special focus on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Section 317 program. The paper places these programs in the context...
journal_title:American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(00)00206-3
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00