Abstract:
PURPOSE:This study aimed to assess how pneumonia incidence, health care resource utilization, costs, and hospital length of stay differ by age category in the United States. METHODS:A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey database was conducted from 2007 to 2011 for patients with pneumonia. Study outcomes were pneumonia incidence, annual health care utilization, and expenditures across 5 age groups. Early trends of outcomes in the period after introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) (2011) were compared with the pre-PCV13 period (2007-2009). FINDINGS:Pneumonia incidence rates for the 1790 patients ranged from 9.2 to 33.0 per 1000 patients. Patients <5 years old had the highest incidence rate at 33.0 per 1000 patients, followed by patients ≥65 years old (27.2 per 1000 patients) and patients ≥45 to <65 years old (14.4 per 1000 patients). The percentages of patients with pneumonia-related hospitalization were 26%, 7%, 15%, 24%, and 46%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Mean (SD) days in hospital stay were 1.73 (0.08), 0.31 (0.50), 0.58 (0.10), 1.86 (0.29), and 3.05 (0.33), respectively (P < 0.05), for patients <5, ≥5 to <18, ≥18 to <45, ≥45 to <65, and ≥65 years old. Mean total pneumonia-related medical costs in patients aged <5 years ($3376; P = 0.009), ≥45 to ≤65 years ($4726; P < 0.0001), and >65 years ($7206; P < 0.0001) were significantly higher compared with patients ≥5 to <18 years old ($1175) after controlling for covariates. Compared with the pre-PCV13 period (2007-2009; n = 1075), a 16% decrease in incidence, a 27% decrease length of stay in hospital, and a 22% decrease in medical costs were observed in the post-PCV13 period (2011; n = 382), although these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). IMPLICATIONS:Pneumonia remains a disease with significant burden in the United States, and clinical and economic outcomes varied widely by age. Hospitalization for pneumonia has a considerable effect on economic burden, particularly for the very young (<5 years old), middle-aged (≥45 to <65 years old), and elderly (≥65 years old) populations. A trend toward reductions in pneumonia incidence and associated medical costs was observed after the PCV13 was introduced, although these findings were not statistically significant.
journal_name
Clin Therjournal_title
Clinical therapeuticsauthors
Park H,Adeyemi AO,Rascati KLdoi
10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.04.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-07-01 00:00:00pages
1466-1476.e1issue
7eissn
0149-2918issn
1879-114Xpii
S0149-2918(15)00254-4journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Panitumumab, formerly known as ABX-EGF, was the first recombinant human immunoglobulin G2 monoclonal antibody approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) refractory to fluoropyrimidine-, oxa...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.01.014
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is essential to maintain the efficacy of many immunosuppressant drugs while minimizing their toxicity. TDM has become more refined with the development of new monitoring techniques and more specific assays. OBJECTIVE:This article summarizes current data on TDM of the follow...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0149-2918(02)85038-x
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The emergence of multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, has led to the revival of the systemic use of antimicrobial agent colistin in critically ill patients, but only limited data are available to define its pharmacokinetic profile in these pati...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.01.015
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The US Food and Drug Administration approved pemetrexed in February 2004 for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in combination with cisplatin in patients with unresectable disease or for whom curative surgery is not an option. Pemetrexed is the first agent approved for the treatment of MPM...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.09.010
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We performed an emergency department (ED)-based substance use screening, motivational interview-based intervention, and treatment referral program with the goal of determining sex-specific outcomes. Specifically, in this quality improvement project, we aimed to determine whether there was a difference among sex...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.01.020
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Detrusor instability, or urinary incontinence, is common in elderly patients, particularly elderly women. The clinical symptoms of overactive, or unstable, urinary bladder include urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency. Mixed urinary incontinence, which comprises urge urinary incontinence and stress inconti...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0149-2918(00)88316-2
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess obese patients with hypercholesterolemia whom were prescribed a standardized diet, comparing the action of orlistat, fluvastatin, orlistat with fluvastatin, and placebo on anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), and lipid profile. METHODS:This was a 1-year, rando...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0149-2918(03)80070-x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 804 pediatric patients (572 neonates and 232 infants and children) with suspected or documented serious infections were enrolled in a multicenter open study of netilmicin, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside. All patients were evaluable for safety; 161 (20%) had bacteriologically documented infections and we...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing worldwide recognition of the deleterious sequelae of Chlamydia trachomatis urogenital tract infections makes rapid, inexpensive diagnostic tests a high priority. Cell culture, still the standard for all other methods, is only 90% sensitive. Direct fluorescent antibody (FA) tests use highly specific mono...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In 2002, fixed-dose combination therapy (FDCT) with rosiglitazone maleate plus metformin hydrochloride became available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) in subjects whose disease was uncontrolled on monotherapy with metformin or a thiazolidinedione. FDCT allows a reduced pill burden and a...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2004.12.018
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension may have inadequately controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) or experience adverse effects with their current medication regimens. OBJECTIVE:This post hoc reanalysis determined the effectiveness and tolerability of brimonidine used as replacement therapy in a rea...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/s0149-2918(00)87977-1
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:NSAIDs are associated with risks of gastrointestinal (GI) and cardiovascular (CV) toxicities. It has been reported that the risks of GI and CV events are dose related, resulting in guidance explicitly emphasizing the use of NSAIDs at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration. To understand the pote...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.04.012
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally understood that pain experience and opioid abuse have relied on male-dominated models. However, sex and gender play a role in both pain experience and opioid use disorder. Using the previously validated Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Sex and Gender Specific Health PubMed Advanced Search T...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.12.016
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared the efficacy of timolol maleate ophthalmic gel-forming solution 0.5% QD with that of levobunolol hydrochloride 0.5% BID, as measured by change in intraocular pressure (IOP), effect on heart rate, and ocular tolerability. The study had a positive-controlled, double-masked, randomized, multicenter, 12-week, ...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0149-2918(98)80112-4
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency may be caused by inadequate dietary intake of B12 or by conditions that result in malabsorption of the vitamin. Crystalline vitamin B12, usually in the form of cyanocobalamin, is administered parenterally (ie, intramuscularly) or orally for treating deficiency states. Intra...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.05.088
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although the metabolic effects of the thiazolidinediones have been well studied, there is a lack of comparative data on their effects on certain cardiovascular risk factors, such as elevated plasma levels of lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) and homocysteine (Hcy). OBJECTIVE:This study compared the effects of pioglit...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.05.012
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a previous report of a multicenter study (Kannel et al, 1990), the results of 6 months' treatment with lovastatin in 489 adults with primary hypercholesterolemia were presented. The present report contains the results from the 236 women patients. The intial dose of lovastatin was 20 mg daily and could be increased ...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The formulary inclusion of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in the government hospital health services in Qatar is not comparative or restricted. Requests to include a PPI in the formulary are typically accepted if evidence of efficacy and tolerability is presented. There are no literature reports of a PPI scoring...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.03.004
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that disproportionately affects women during their childbearing years. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in this patient population at an age when women often have low cardiovascular risk. Hypertension is a ma...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.07.021
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous evaluations of the Southwestern Ontario (SSWO) cohort have reported that hypertension (HTN) and dyslipidemia (DYS) are undertreated illnesses; however, concomitant treatment is unknown. OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and associated treatment of HTN and DYS in ...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.06.004
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antimicrobial prophylaxis in select neutropenic patients has reduced fever, infection rates, hospital length of stay, and hospitalization rates. Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommend the consideration of prophylaxis with a fluoroquinolone in patients at high risk for infection ...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.04.013
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Despite the rapid proliferation of hyaluronate (HA) and corticosteroid (CO) injections and clinical guidelines regarding their use in osteoarthritis (OA), information on the characteristics of people receiving these injections is scarce. We describe the use of injections among adults with radiographically confi...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.01.006
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV), administered in combination with lamivudine (LAM) or as monotherapy, and the rate of resistance to ADV, in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative adult patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and cl...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.02.012
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent pharmacotherapeutic advances in the treatment of depression have included the development of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The present study was designed to contrast direct health service expenditures for the treatment of depression among patients enrolled in a health maintenance organizatio...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0011-393x(05)80275-9
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Etodolac, aspirin, and placebo were evaluated for efficacy and safety in 18 patients with adult-onset, active rheumatoid arthritis. This was a 12-week, double-blind, parallel-group study divided into drug titration and maintenance periods and preceded by a washout period of up to two weeks. The mean daily maintenance ...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is responsible for an average of 4.5 million visits annually to physicians' offices, emergency departments, and outpatient clinics. However, there have been few studies using national data on the costs of treating CAP. Without such data, it is difficult to assess whether new therapie...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0149-2918(98)80144-6
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fever in children is a common and usually benign symptom. It is known that antipyretic treatment is ineffective in the prevention of simple febrile seizures. Caregivers' administration of antipyretic medications to children has been reported, but data concerning the formulations used, actual doses administer...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.05.010
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) also have hypertension, which is commonly treated with thiazide diuretics, including hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor developed for the treatment of T2DM, lowers plasma glucose by inhibiting renal glucose ...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.02.022
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The effect of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) among young and middle-aged adults can be significant, but no previous study has examined the prognosis and the associated health care cost of the disease in this population. We evaluated the clinical and economic burden of PAD in patients from a large claims data...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.06.013
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The worldwide prevalence of asthma is increasing by approximately 50% per decade. Budesonide is one of several inhaled corticosteroids available for the treatment of asthma and has been extensively evaluated in clinical trials. OBJECTIVE:This article reviews the published literature on the efficacy of budes...
journal_title:Clinical therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0149-2918(02)80005-4
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00