Abstract:
:Platycladi Semen, which is derived from the dried ripe seed of Platycladus orientalis, has been used for the treatment of insomnia and constipation in China for 2000 years. However, it is susceptible to fungal and aflatoxin contamination under proper humidity and temperature during storage. Although aflatoxin contamination in Platycladi Semen has been reported preliminarily, few studies have been conducted on fungal infection and aflatoxin contamination simultaneously. Thus, this work aims to provide an in-depth understanding of fungal contamination in Platycladi Semen, and information on aflatoxin contamination. We focused on a comparison of the difference in fungal diversity between aflatoxin-contaminated and aflatoxin-free Platycladi Semen samples. First, aflatoxin levels in 11 Platycladi Semen samples, which were collected from local herbal markets in Shandong, Anhui, and Hebei provinces throughout China, were determined by IAC-HPLC-FLD, and positive confirmation of detected samples was performed by LC-MS/MS. The samples were divided into two groups, based on production or non-production of aflatoxin. We then used the Illumina MiSeq PE250 platform, and targeted the internal transcribed spacer two sequences to analyze the diversity and composition of the fungal microbiome, as well as to assess the presence of potential mycotoxin-producing fungi. Results showed that five samples were contaminated with aflatoxins, one of which exceeded the legal limits of Chinese Pharmacopeia Commission (2015). At the phylum level, the Ascomycota was the most dominant in all tested samples, with a relative abundance of 83.04-99.46%. Aspergillus (27.88-97.28%), Xerochrysium (0-28.49%), and Xeromyces (0-22.24%) were the three predominant genera. Furthermore, differences in fungal composition between the aflatoxin-contaminated and aflatoxin-free groups, as well as between different provinces were observed. A total of 74 species were identified, and four potential mycotoxin-producing fungi were detected in all samples, namely Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium poae, and Penicillium steckii. In conclusion, we report the great diversity of fungi associated with Platycladi Semen, highlight the risk to consumers of ingesting potent aflatoxin, and provide a reference for the safe application and quality improvement of Platycladi Semen.
journal_name
Front Microbioljournal_title
Frontiers in microbiologyauthors
Yu J,Guo M,Jiang W,Yang M,Pang Xdoi
10.3389/fmicb.2020.582679subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-10-23 00:00:00pages
582679issn
1664-302Xjournal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Elucidating the succession of soil microbial communities and microbial functions at key plant growth stages is a major goal of microbial ecology research. In this study, we investigated the succession of soil bacteria during four fertilizer treatments (control, NPK, NPK + pig manure, and NPK + straw) and at three cruc...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00421
更新日期:2019-03-11 00:00:00
abstract::Removal of carbon through the precipitation and burial of calcium carbonate in marine sediments constitutes over 70% of the total carbon on Earth and is partitioned between coastal and pelagic zones. The precipitation of authigenic calcium carbonate in seawater, however, has been hotly debated because despite being in...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01958
更新日期:2016-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::Dermatophytes are the most common cause of onychomycosis, counting for 90% fungal nail infection. Although dermatophyte pathogens are normally susceptible to antifungal agents, onychomycosis often results in refractory chronic disease, and the formation of biofilms frequently underlines the inadequate responses and re...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01228
更新日期:2019-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Five sublacustrine thermal spring locations from 1 to 109 m water depth in Yellowstone Lake were surveyed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing in relation to their chemical composition and dark CO(2) fixation rates. They harbor distinct chemosynthetic bacterial communities, depending on temperature (16-110°C) and elec...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00130
更新日期:2011-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::Actinobacteria are important producers of bioactive compounds. Extreme ecosystems cause evolution of novel secondary metabolic pathways of Actinobacteria and increase the possible discovery of new biological functions of bioactive compounds. Here, we isolated 65 Actinobacteria from rhizosphere soil samples of Opuntia ...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01390
更新日期:2019-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::Emissions of the potent greenhouse gas N2O is one of the environmental problems associated with intensive use of synthetic N fertilizers, and novel N2O mitigation strategies are needed to minimize fertilizer applications and N2O release without affecting agricultural efficiencies. Increased incorporation of legume cro...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02746
更新日期:2019-11-29 00:00:00
abstract::Nutrient availability and ratios can play an important role in shaping microbial communities of freshwater ecosystems. The Cuatro Ciénegas Basin (CCB) in Mexico is a desert oasis where, perhaps paradoxically, high microbial diversity coincides with extreme oligotrophy. To better understand the effects of nutrients on ...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00949
更新日期:2017-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::Panax ginseng rusty root rot caused by the Ilyonectria species complex is a devastating disease, and it is one of the main factors contributing to the difficulty in continual cropping. Rusty root rot occurs in all ginseng fields, but little is known about the taxonomy of the fungal pathogen complex, especially Ilyonec...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.618942
更新日期:2020-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Microorganisms are an essential component of cheeses and play important roles during both cheese manufacture and ripening. Both starter and secondary flora modify the physical and chemical properties of cheese, contributing and reacting to changes that occur during the manufacture and ripening of cheese. As the compos...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00036
更新日期:2013-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Vanillin is a potent fermentation inhibitor derived from the lignocellulosic biomass in biofuel production, and high concentrations of vanillin result in the pronounced repression of bulk translation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Studies on genes that are efficiently translated even in the presence of high concentratio...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01059
更新日期:2016-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial processes such as nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) are important for nitrogen cycling in marine sediments. Seasonal variations of archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers (AOA and AOB) and anammox bacteria, as well as the environmental factors affecting these groups, are not well stud...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00472
更新日期:2014-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy plays an important role in cell growth and development. The autophagy-related gene atg4 encodes a cysteine protease, which can cleave the carboxyl terminus of Atg8, thus plays a role in autophagosome formation in yeast and filamentous fungi. Arthrobotrys oligospora is well known for producing special trappin...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.592524
更新日期:2020-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::Cip1, a newly identified yeast analog of p21, is a Cln3-CDK inhibitor that negatively regulates cell-cycle START. However, its function remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that deletion of CLN3 did not result in bypass of G1-phase arrest caused by Cip1 overexpression. Cip1 depletion in cln3-null mutants...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01623
更新日期:2020-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::Many bacterial pathogens use quorum-sensing (QS) signaling to regulate the expression of factors contributing to virulence and persistence. Bacteria produce signals of different chemical classes. The signal molecule, known as diffusible signal factor (DSF), is a cis-unsaturated fatty acid that was first described in t...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00383
更新日期:2015-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial spores are extremely resistant life-forms that play an important role in food spoilage and foodborne disease. The return of spores to a vegetative cell state is a three-step process, these being activation, germination, and emergence. High-pressure (HP) processing is known to induce germination in part of th...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.03122
更新日期:2020-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the major crops susceptible to Aspergillus flavus infection and subsequent contamination with aflatoxins, the most potent naturally produced carcinogenic secondary metabolites. This pathogen can pose serious health concerns and cause severe economic losses due to the Food and Drug Adminis...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00754
更新日期:2020-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important vegetable and spice crop of tropical and sub-tropical regions. Chili plants showing upward leaf curling, leaf crinkling, and leaf yellowing symptoms, collected from Sikar district of Rajasthan, India, were found to be associated with begomovirus and satellite molecules. The p...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.512957
更新日期:2020-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::Swarming is a surface-associated motile behavior that plays an important role in the rapid spread, colonization, and subsequent establishment of bacterial communities. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, swarming is dependent upon a functional flagella and aided by the production of biosurfactants. AmrZ, a conserved transcript...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01847
更新日期:2019-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::Probiotic bacteria are recognized for their health-promoting properties, including maintenance of gut epithelial integrity and host immune system homeostasis. Taking into account the beneficial health-promoting effects of GABA, the presence of the gadB gene, encoding glutamate decarboxylase that converts L-glutamate t...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00527
更新日期:2019-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims to investigate and compare the complete nucleotide sequences of the multidrug resistance plasmids pVb0267 and pVb0499, which were recovered from foodborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates, and analyze the genetic environment of blaCTX-M-55 to provide insight into the dissemination mechanisms of this re...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01338
更新日期:2019-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is a destructive pest for palm trees worldwide. Recent studies have shown that RPW gut is colonized by microbes and alterations in gut microbiota can significantly modify its hemolymph nutrition content. However, the exact effects of gut microbiota on RPW pheno...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01212
更新日期:2019-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the leading indication for antibacterial prescriptions despite a viral etiology in the majority of cases. The lack of available diagnostics to discriminate viral and bacterial etiologies contributes to this discordance. Recent efforts have focused on the host respons...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02957
更新日期:2018-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Iron is an essential but, in excess, toxic nutrient. Therefore, fungi evolved fine-tuned mechanisms for uptake and storage of iron, such as the production of siderophores (low-molecular mass iron-specific chelators). In Aspergillus fumigatus, iron starvation causes extensive transcriptional remodeling involving two ce...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00028
更新日期:2012-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::Ramoplanin is a glycolipodepsipeptide antibiotic obtained from fermentation of Actinoplanes sp. ATCC 33076 that exhibits activity against clinically important multi-drug-resistant, Gram-positive pathogens including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomy...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00343
更新日期:2017-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::CRISPR-Cas systems adapt "memories" via spacers from viruses and plasmids to develop adaptive immunity against mobile genetic elements. Mature CRISPR RNAs guide CRISPR-associated nucleases to site-specifically cleave target DNA or RNA, providing an efficient genome engineering tool for organisms of all three kingdoms....
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02471
更新日期:2019-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::The process of transformation of table olives from tree to table is the result of complex biochemical reactions that are determined by the interactions between the indigenous microflora of the olives, together with a variety of contaminating microrganisms from different sources [fiber-glass fermenters, polyvinyl chlor...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00091
更新日期:2013-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::The Eurasian or European beaver (Castor fiber) is the second-largest living rodent after the capybara. It is a semi-aquatic animal known for building dams and lodges. They strictly feed on lignocellulose-rich plants and correspondingly harbor cellulolytic microbial communities in their digestive tract. In this study, ...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01646
更新日期:2019-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::Liverwort Blasia pusilla L. recruits soil nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria of genus Nostoc as symbiotic partners. In this work we compared Nostoc community composition inside the plants and in the soil around them from two distant locations in Northern Norway. STRR fingerprinting and 16S rDNA phylogeny reconstruction sho...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01693
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro and in vivo research based on cell lines and animals are likely to be insufficient in elucidating authentic biological and physiological phenomena mimicking human systems, especially for generating pre-clinical data on targets and biomarkers. There is an obvious need for a model that can further bridge the ga...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02685
更新日期:2018-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the increasing prevalence of pathogenic fungal infections, the emergence of antifungal resistant clinical isolates worldwide, and the limited arsenal of available antifungals, developing new antifungal strategies is imperative. In this study, we screened a library of 1068 FDA-approved drugs to identify hits tha...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00996
更新日期:2020-06-03 00:00:00