Abstract:
:A market for bisphenol A (BPA) replacement compounds has emerged due to restrictions on the use of BPA. Some of these compounds were detected in the environment, yet little is known about their toxicological properties. In the present study, an avian in vitro toxicogenomic approach was used to compare the effects of five BPA alternatives. Cell viability and mRNA expression were compared in primary embryonic hepatocytes of chickens (CEH) and double-crested cormorants (DCEH) exposed to 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl) diphenol (BPA), Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane (BPF), bis (3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone (TGSH), 7-bis (4-hydroxyphenylthio)-3,5-dioxaheptane (DD-70), 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (BPAF) and 4-hydroxyphenyl 4-isoprooxyphenylsulfone (BPSIP). Changes in gene expression were determined using two PCR arrays: 1) the species-specific ToxChip, which contains genes representing toxicologically-relevant pathways; and 2) the chicken-specific AestroChip, which measures estrogen responsive genes. TGSH, DD-70 and BPAF were most cytotoxic in CEH and DCEH. Some of the replacement compounds changed the expression of genes related to xenobiotic metabolism, bile acid and cholesterol regulation. The rank order based on the number of genes altered on the chicken ToxChip array was TGSH>DD-70>BPAF=BPF>17β estradiol (E2)>BPSIP>BPA. BPSIP altered the greatest number of genes on the cormorant ToxChip array. Based upon the chicken Aestrochip data, BPSIP and BPF were slightly estrogenic.The results suggest that the replacement compounds have comparable or even greater toxicity than BPA and act via different mechanisms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
journal_name
Environ Toxicol Chemjournal_title
Environmental toxicology and chemistryauthors
Sharin T,Williams KL,Chiu S,Crump D,O'Brien JMdoi
10.1002/etc.4985subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-19 00:00:00eissn
0730-7268issn
1552-8618pub_type
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