Abstract:
:Technical toxaphene (Melipax) and the single compounds of technical toxaphene (CTTs) 2,2,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10-octachlorobornane (B8-806), 2,2,5-endo,6-exo, 8,9,9,10-octachlorobornane (B8-809), 2,2,5,5,8,9,9,10,10-nonachlorobornane (B9-1025), 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10,10-nonochlorobornane (B9-1679), 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,9,10,10-octachlorobornane (B8-1414), 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10-octachlorobornane (B8-1412), and 2-exo,3-endo,5-exo,9,9,10,10-heptachlorobornane (B7-1453) were treated with suspensions of the anaerobic bacterium Dehalospirillum multivorans. After 7 d, more than 50% of technical toxaphene was transformed, and the relative amount of early eluting CTTs increased. After 16 d, only 2-exo,3-endo,6-exo, 8,9,10-hexachlorobornane (B6-923), 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo, 8,9,10-heptachlorobornane (B7-1001), and a few minor penta- and hexachloro-CTTs were detected in the samples. The result of the transformation was comparable with observations in naturally contaminated sediments and soil. However, the performance with D. multivorans was more simple and reproducible, as well as faster, than use of soil, sediment, or anaerobic sewage sludge. In agreement with reports in the literature, reductive dechlorination at geminal chlorine atoms (gem-C1s) was found to be the major CTT transformation pathway. Experiments conducted with CTTs and gem-C1s at both primary and secondary carbons clarified that the initial C1 --> H substitution takes place at the secondary carbon C2. Furthermore, the 2-endo-C1 position was preferably substituted with hydrogen. In the case of B8-806, the dechlorination at the secondary carbon C2 was approximately 20-fold faster than the subsequent, slow reduction at the primary carbon C8. The three different formerly unknown heptachloro-CTTs, 2-exo,3-endo,6-exo,8,9,9,10-heptachlorobornane (B7-1473), 2-exo, 3-endo,6-endo,8,9,9,10-hepatchlorobornane (B7-1461), and 2-exo, 3-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10-heptachlorobornane (B7-1470) were found as intermediates of the B8-806/809 transformation. Treatment of B9-1679 with D. multivorans indicated that gem-C1s on the bridge (C8 and C9) are dechlorinated faster than gem-C1s on the bridgehead (C10).
journal_name
Environ Toxicol Chemjournal_title
Environmental toxicology and chemistryauthors
Ruppe S,Neumann A,Vetter Wdoi
10.1897/02-605subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-11-01 00:00:00pages
2614-21issue
11eissn
0730-7268issn
1552-8618journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and ciprofloxacin on the catabolism of microbial communities was assessed. This was accomplished through an ex situ methodology designed to give a priori knowledge on the potential for nanoparticles, or other emerging contaminants, to affect the catabolic capabilities of microb...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2412
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In plant tissues, xenobiotics often are conjugated with natural constituents such as sugars, amino acids, glutathione, and malonic acid. Usually, conjugation processes result in a decrease in the reactivity and toxicity of xenobiotics by increasing the water solubility and polarity of conjugates, and reducing their mo...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/07-036R.1
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the summary/recommendations for the Ecotoxicology Session of TestSmart--A Humane and Efficient Approach to Screening Information Data Sets (SIDS) Data Workshop, it was recommended that more population growth impairment data using Tetrahymena be generated and compared with available lethality data for the fathead mi...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atlantic tomcod from the Hudson River, USA, are resistant to cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA induction and early life stage toxicities induced by coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins but not polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We sought to determine if basal expression or inducibili...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/05-347r.1
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method is presented for developing scientifically defensible, numeric guidelines for residual petroleum-related constituents, specifically monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in the water column. The guidelines are equivalent to a HC5 (i.e., hazard concentration to 5%...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/08-271.1
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the early 2000s, biotic ligand models and related constructs have been a dominant paradigm for risk assessment of aqueous metals in the environment. We critically review 1) the evidence for the mechanistic approach underlying metal bioavailability models; 2) considerations for the use and refinement of bioavaila...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/etc.4560
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uptake of cadmium from water by freshwater animals has been well documented. However, little attention has been given to the importance of dietary and combined exposure as the source for uptake. In the present study, we compared cadmium uptake from waterborne (water-only), dietary (food-only), and combined (water plus...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/06-232r.1
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is growing concern over the effects of increased salinization on freshwater organisms, which are largely unknown for unionid mussels. Adult and larval Elliptio complanata were exposed to low-level salt concentrations to determine the effects on mussel survival, physiology, and reproduction. Adults were exposed t...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2381
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzotriazole ultra violet stabilizers (BZT-UVs) are compounds used in many applications and products to prevent photochemical degradation. Despite their widespread presence in aquatic ecosystems and persistence in the environment, there are very limited data on their effects and toxicity, and their modes of action re...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.3908
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To gain new insight into the mechanism of selective cytotoxicity of benzoylureas as insecticides, the in vitro mode of action of chlorfluazuron was investigated on lepidopteran Tn5B1-4 and Sf-21 cells and human Hek293 and HepG2 cells. Chlorfluazuron inhibited the proliferation of Tn5B1-4 and Sf-21 cells with 50% inhib...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2969
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In our study, we aim to characterize the estrogenicity of 18 independent rivers that receive effluent from sewage treatment works. During the winter and summer of 2003, we collected multiple water samples and measured environmental estrogens with an in vitro yeast-based reporter gene assay; estrogenicity was expressed...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/04-305r.1
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the presented study a laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from environmentally contaminated marine sediment to an infaunal surface deposit-feeding polycha...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.177
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In metal-polluted environments, high concentrations of metals such as zinc, cadmium, copper, and lead are present. Many studies have been conducted to determine uptake and binding of the nonessential, toxic metal cadmium. Effects of essential metals on this uptake and binding remain unclear. The aim of the present stu...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental pollution with natural or synthetic estrogens may pose a serious threat to reproduction of wildlife species. This study describes the effects of 17-alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) on fish reproductive organs in a laboratory model. Adult zebrafish were semistatically exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 1...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bird eggs are used widely as noninvasive bioindicators for environmental mercury availability. Previous studies, however, have found varying relationships between laying sequence and egg mercury concentrations. Some studies have reported that the mercury concentration was higher in first-laid eggs or declined across t...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2976
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The scientific consensus model USEtox® has been developed since 2003 under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme-Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Life Cycle Initiative as a harmonized approach for characterizing human and freshwater toxicity in life cycle assessment and other compar...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.3903
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Estuarine fish in the northern Gulf of Mexico are exposed annually to hypoxic conditions. In addition to hypoxia, fish located throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico were potentially exposed to oil released during the Deepwater Horizon incident. Therefore, the interaction between oil exposure and hypoxia is worth inve...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.3207
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecotoxicity testing is a crucial component of chemical risk assessment. Still, due to methodological difficulties related to controlling exposure concentrations over time, data on long-term effects of organic chemicals at low concentrations are limited. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to test the applicab...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.3649
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological soil-screening levels (Eco-SSLs) were developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for the purposes of setting conservative soil screening values that can be used to eliminate the need for further ecological assessment for specific analytes at a given site. Ecological soil-screenin...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2675
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::As part of the University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study, soil samples were collected from 766 residential properties near the Tittabawassee River between Midland and Saginaw; near the Dow Chemical Facility in Midland; and, for comparison, in the other areas of Midland and Saginaw Counties and in Jackson and Calhou...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.24
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) is a halogenated aromatic nitrile herbicide used on a variety of crops for the postemergence control of annual broad-leaved weeds. The anaerobic biodegradability of bromoxynil and its aerobic transformation product, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate, were examined in enrichme...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of point-source and diffuse discharges on resident populations of brown bullhead catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus (LeSueur, 1819)) in the Waikato River (New Zealand) were assessed at sites both upstream and downstream of point-source discharges. At each site, the population parameters, relative abundance, age s...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/05-315r.1
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to metal-contaminated water has been shown to result in a number of reproductive abnormalities in adult and larvae fish, such as failure of oocyte maturation and teratogenic effects. Recently, dietary uptake of metals by fish has been recognized as a critical route of exposure, however, the mechanisms of meta...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.381
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tangshan city in Hebei Province is one of the most heavily polluted cities in China, with substantial industrial emissions. The development of effective air pollution emission reduction policies requires knowledge of the sources and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-enriched fine particulate matter...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4618
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microcystis aeruginosa is a dominant cyanobacterium commonly found in Chinese freshwater ecosystems during phytoplankton blooms, and copper sulfate is one of the most frequently used algicides for controlling the nuisance blooms. In this study, we examined the effects of varied water chemistry (dissolved organic matte...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.266
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Field populations of aquatic organisms, particularly those inhabiting flowing waters, likely are exposed to short pulses of pesticides following periods of spray drift, surface runoff, or drain flow. In the present study, we investigated the effect of pulse exposures of a pyrethroid insecticide, esfenvalerate, on surv...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-547.1
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eel aquaculture is capture based and thus dependent on the fishery for juvenile glass eels. This fishery typically takes place in estuaries where salinity varies and ammonia levels can be elevated. Also, during capture and transport glass eels are kept at high densities and ammonia from endogenous production can incre...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/08-104.1
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrazine is the most extensively used herbicide in the United States. Part-per-million concentrations of atrazine have been reported in agricultural runoff. It is detectable in surface waters and precipitation throughout the year, and it has been found in groundwater sources of drinking water. Recent studies indicate ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-180
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2004 to 2006, in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada, we measured pesticides, water chemistry, and hatching success of Great Basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana), Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla), Western toad (Bufo boreas), and Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris). Predator-proof cages containin...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.202
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the effect of tributyltin (TBT) on reproduction of the pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii). In a maternal exposure test, five female pearl oysters were exposed to TBT at measured concentrations of 0 (control), 0.092, or 0.191 microg/L at 25 degreesC for one week, and the embryo developmental success (...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-265
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00