Abstract:
:In the summary/recommendations for the Ecotoxicology Session of TestSmart--A Humane and Efficient Approach to Screening Information Data Sets (SIDS) Data Workshop, it was recommended that more population growth impairment data using Tetrahymena be generated and compared with available lethality data for the fathead minnow. To comply with this recommendation, 100 additional chemicals were tested in the ciliate assay. Toxicity values for the 96-h Pimephales promelas mortality assay (log[LC50(-1)]) and the 2-d Tetrahymena pyriformis growth assay (log[IGC50(-1)]) were compared. Each chemical was a priori assigned a mode of action. The majority of compounds were classified as either narcotics (n = 46) or direct-acting electro(nucleo)philes (n = 43), while 11 chemicals were listed as carboxylic acids, diesters, proelectrophiles, or weak acid respiratory uncouplers. Toxicities for narcotics showed an excellent relationship between endpoints with the coefficient of determination (r2) being 0.93. A weaker relationship, r2 = 0.78, was observed for the electro(nucleo)philes. The poorer fit for the covalent-reacting electro(nucleo)philes is attributed to differences in protocol, in particular, to test-medium composition and exposure scheme. Those chemicals whose potency is mediated by metabolism in fish (diesters and proelectrophiles) as well as the acids exhibited poor correlation between endpoints, with toxicity in the fish assay being greater than that predicted from the ciliate data. The regression analysis between endpoints, regardless of mode or mechanism of toxic action, yielded the model log(LC50(-1)) = 1.12(log[IGC50(-1)]) + 0.46, with n = 92, r2 = 0.82, s (root of the mean square error) = 0.87, F = 399, and p > F = 0.0001. A result for the present investigation supports earlier findings that, with noted exceptions, there is a strong relationship between toxicity potency as quantified by P. promelas mortality and T. pyriformis growth impairment.
journal_name
Environ Toxicol Chemjournal_title
Environmental toxicology and chemistryauthors
Sinks GD,Schultz TWsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-04-01 00:00:00pages
917-21issue
4eissn
0730-7268issn
1552-8618journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Environmental factors, in particular temperature, have been shown to affect the toxicity of chemicals. In the present study the authors exposed the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to five concentrations of Cd (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg Cd/L agar) at four constant temperatures (11, 15, 18, and 21°C) and monitored survival ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.1746
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Standard ecotoxicity tests are conducted under constant and favorable experimental conditions. In natural communities, however, the toxicity of chemicals may be influenced by abiotic and biotic environmental factors. Firstly, the authors examined the influence of temperature and total food concentration on the nature ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.3235
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A theoretical analysis was performed to examine the role of naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) enzymes in determining differences in biodegradability and biodegradation rates of two- to four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) via oxygenation and desaturation reactions. Investigation of the thermodynamics of PAH b...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/05-311r.1
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the early 2000s, biotic ligand models and related constructs have been a dominant paradigm for risk assessment of aqueous metals in the environment. We critically review 1) the evidence for the mechanistic approach underlying metal bioavailability models; 2) considerations for the use and refinement of bioavaila...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/etc.4560
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prior to the implementation of any new technology, possible environmental and health repercussions first must be researched. Fullerenes are to be produced soon on an industrial scale, with applications quickly following. To investigate the possible environmental impact of fullerenes, a C60-water suspension (nano-C60) ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/04-649r.1
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A detailed study was conducted to determine the current status of the heavy metals Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in Eskisehir, Turkey. The 15 different locations (n =270) studied were specifically selected to identify the effects of soil pollution on the tramway, which has been in service since December 2004 ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.354
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 2 most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) measured in Deepwater Horizon crude oil, naphthalene and phenanthrene, and their associated homologs have both been shown to be acutely toxic in fish. Although fish have a relatively high metabolic capacity for PAHs, hydroxylated PAH (OH-PAH) derivatives form...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.3898
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metal pollution has been increasing rapidly over the past century, and at the same time, the human population has continued to rise and produce contaminants that may negatively impact pollinators. Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) forage over large areas and can collect contaminants from the environment. The primary obje...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.3273
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method is presented for developing scientifically defensible, numeric guidelines for residual petroleum-related constituents, specifically monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in the water column. The guidelines are equivalent to a HC5 (i.e., hazard concentration to 5%...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/08-271.1
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aquatic organisms can take up toxicants from water (aqueous exposure) and from food (dietary exposure), yet current environmental regulations often fail to consider the toxic effects of dietary exposure. Such unrealistic exposure scenarios may lead to ineffective water-quality standards or discharge consents that fail...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/05-316r1.1
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) pups undergo a substantial intertissue reorganization of protein, minerals, and other cellular components during their postweaning development, which might entail the mobilization of associated contaminants. The authors investigated the changes in concentrations of 11 e...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.1960
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current terrestrial risk assessment of insecticides regarding nontarget arthropods considers exclusively beneficial organisms, whereas herbivorous insects, such as grasshoppers, are ignored. However, grasshoppers living in field margins or meadows adjacent to crops may potentially be exposed to insecticides due to...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.1895
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A systematic comparison of Cu toxicity thresholds was made between freshly spiked soils and soils in which elevated Cu concentrations have been present for various times. Three uncontaminated soils were spiked and experimentally leached or incubated outdoors for up to 18 months. Additionally, five field-contaminated s...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/04-673r.1
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the introduction of non-native fish species has been shown to alter trophic ecology in aquatic ecosystems, there has been limited research on how invasive species alter methylmercury (MeHg) biomagnification in lacustrine food webs. We sampled surface water and biota from 8 lakes in Quebec, Canada, spanning a ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4831
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the main optical isomer of metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M has been widely used worldwide in recent years because of its notable effect on the prevention and control of crop diseases. Together with the toxicity and degradation of metalaxyl-M, the chemical has attracted the attention of researchers. The present study examine...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2682
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Marine sediments accumulate a variety of contaminants and, in some cases, demonstrate toxicity because of this contamination. Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) methods provide tools for identifying the toxic chemicals causing sediment toxicity. Currently, whole-sediment TIE methods are not available for anionic...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/06-014r.1
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) is extensively used as pH buffer in culture media for testing chemicals. However, this study demonstrates that 0.01 M HEPES significantly reduces the rate of Cu, Pb, and Cd binding to Porphyra spp. and Enteromorpha spp. marine macroalgae. The HEPES also d...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Daphnia magna is a widely used model organism for aquatic toxicity testing. In the present study, the authors investigated the hydrolytic enzyme activity of D. magna after exposure to toxicant stress. In vivo enzyme activity was quantified using 15 fluorogenic enzyme probes based on 4-methylumbelliferyl or 7-amino-4-m...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2997
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liver and kidneys from grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in their natural habitats in Norwegian waters contain high levels of Cd and Hg as well as metallothionein (MT). The data show significant placental transfer of heavy metals in seals. The MT concentrations were higher in fetus liver and kidneys than in the liver an...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.5620181034
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risk associated with wood extractives, biocides, and other additives in pulp and paper mill effluents was evaluated by performing a characterization of process waters and effluents in terms of toxicity and chemical analysis. The individual toxicity of 10 resin acids, two unsaturated fatty acids, and three biocides...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-632
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is no use restriction associated with bees for many fungicides used in agriculture; however, this does not always mean that these pesticides are harmless for these nontarget organisms. We investigated whether the fungicide pyraclostrobin, which acts on fungal mitochondria, also negatively affects honey bee mitoc...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4719
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitellogenin (VTG) is a precursor of egg-yolk protein and is therefore present at high concentrations in the plasma of female fish. In male fish, VTG concentrations are usually undetectable or low but can be induced upon exposure to estrogenic substances either via the water or the diet. This work was performed to det...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.479
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risk to adjacent aquatic systems posed by leachates from scrap tires used in engineering applications has not been characterized adequately. Toxicity testing, toxicity identification evaluation (TIE), and groundwater modeling were used to determine the circumstances under which tire shreds could be used as roadbed...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/04-532r2.1
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated Baetis spp. (mayfly), Hesperoperla pacifica (stonefly), and Brachycentrus americanus (caddisfly) susceptibility at the egg stage to esfenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. Eggs were obtained from the field or from field-collected gravid females at sites near Corvallis (OR, USA) and the Metol...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/07-491.1
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) have been disappearing throughout their range. The causes for extirpations have been elusive, although habitat alteration appears to be a major factor. Pesticides have been implicated in declines in western amphibians, but no mechanism has been identified. We tested the hypothesis...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.418
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study determined the effects of environmentally relevant, short-term (4-h) exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate on mortality, food consumption, growth, swimming ability, and predation risk in larvae of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Acute effect concentrations were determined, an...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/07-448.1
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite extensive studies of methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity in birds, molecular effects on birds are poorly characterized. To improve our understanding of toxicity pathways and identify novel indicators of avian exposure to Hg, the authors investigated genomic changes, glutathione status, and oxidative status indicator...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.1985
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro metabolic stability assays using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) isolated hepatocytes (RT-HEP) or hepatic S9 fractions (RT-S9) were introduced to provide biotransformation rate data for the assessment of chemical bioaccumulation in fish. The present study explored the suitability of the RT-HEP and RT-S9 a...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4872
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To be defined as an endocrine disruptor, a substance has to meet several criteria, including the induction of specific adverse effects, a specific endocrine mode of action, and a plausible link between both. The latter criterion in particular might not always be unequivocally determined, especially because the endocri...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/etc.3995
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate possible relationships between polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure and infectious disease mortality in harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in United Kingdom waters, summed blubber concentrations of 25 chlorobiphenyl congeners (sigma25CB) in healthy harbor porpoises that died of acute physical traum...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-663.1
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00