Abstract:
:Several identified neurons of the Aplysia buccal ganglia respond to choline. Iontophoretic applications of either choline or acetylcholine (ACh) to voltage-clamped inhibitory follower neurons produce similar currents. Peak amplitudes of choline responses were 10-100% of ACh responses on the same cell. Choline currents were curare blockable and reversed at -69 +/- 2 mV, within 1 mV of postsynaptic current (IPSC) reversal. Application of 1 mM choline to the bath produces more prolonged effects than an initial conductance change. Choline depressed IPSC amplitude by 42 +/- 5% and prolonged IPSC decay time constant by 25 +/- 7%. The slowing was reversible but the depression was not. Use of choline as a Na substitute may therefore involve unexpected partial agonist action; even where conductance changes are transient or inapparent, choline may alter synaptic responses. Bath choline had variable effects on cholinergic self-inhibitory synapses, blocking in six trials but not in three others. Voltage clamping cells BL and BR7, in which monosynaptic cholinergic PSPs are diphasic, reveals underlying early inward and late outward currents. Choline activates only the late outward current component. Correspondingly, bath choline blocks only the late outward component, as does eserine and ACh. This block is not seen with neostigmine, and so is unlikely to be related to cholinesterase inhibition. The early inward current component, revealed by block of the late component by choline or ACh, decays exponentially. Decay time constant is exponentially dependent on membrane potential over the range -20 to -100 mV, with 63-mV depolarization speeding decay e-fold. Eserine prolongs decay and steepens voltage dependence. The late outward component decays with voltage-independent time constant of 48 +/- 5 ms. Both the time integral of synaptic conductance and the ratio of synaptic charge transfer to peak synaptic current of the early inward component of the cell 7 response are reduced by depolarization. Voltage-dependent duration thus combines with reduced driving force in diminishing the excitatory effect of this component at depolarized levels, allowing the inhibitory component to predominate. In this diphasic synapse, voltage dependence of the time course of one component thus serves an easily identified function.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Gardner D,Ruff RL,White RLdoi
10.1152/jn.1984.51.1.1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-15issue
1eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
51pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Many neurons in the dorsal region of the medial superior temporal area (MSTd) of monkey cerebral cortex respond to optic flow stimuli in which the center of motion is shifted off the center of the visual field. Each shifted-center-of-motion stimulus presents both different directions of planar motion throughout the vi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.2.782
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The sensorimotor synapse of Aplysia expresses various shortlasting changes in synaptic efficacy including homosynaptic depression (HSD) and heterosynaptic facilitation by serotonin (5-HT) either at nondepressed sensory neuron (SN) synaptic connections or at SN synaptic connections first depressed by HSD. We examine...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2250
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
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doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.2.964
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The brain stem nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) is thought to modulate cortical excitability by norepinephrine (NE) release in LC forebrain targets. The effects of LC burst discharge, typically evoked by a strong excitatory input, on cortical ongoing activity are poorly understood. To address this question, we combined di...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00920.2013
更新日期:2014-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The dependence of the form of the EMG-force relation on key motoneuron and muscle properties was explored using a simulation approach. Surface EMG signals and isometric forces were simulated using existing motoneuron pool, muscle force, and surface EMG models, based primarily on reported properties of the first dorsal...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00367.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-frequency activity produces transient depression at many synapses but also, as recently demonstrated, may accelerate the recovery from use-dependent depression. We have examined the possible consequences of this synaptic mechanism in neocortical excitatory synapses by recording simultaneously from presynaptic pyr...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.1.621
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interjoint reflex function of the insect leg contributes to postural control at rest or to movement control during locomotor movements. In the stick insect (Carausius morosus), we investigated the role that sensory signals from the femoral chordotonal organ (fCO), the transducer of the femur-tibia (FT) joint, play in ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.4.1856
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::EEG generator-a model of potentials in a volume conductor. The potential recorded over the cortex electro-corticogram (ECoG) or over the scalp [electroencephalograph (EEG)] derives from the activity of many sources known as "EEG generators." The recorded amplitude is basically a function of the unitary potential of a ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.91143.2008
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. One hundred seventy-nine single units were studied in the superior colliculus of seven Dutch-belted rabbits following ablation of the ipsilateral visual cortex. The response characteristics of these units were compared with those of 284 single units recorded from the superior colliculus of 20 intact animals. 2. In ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1982.47.2.272
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considerable evidence suggests that brain stem pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) cholinergic cells are critically involved in the normal regulation of wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, much of this evidence comes from indirect studies. Thus, although involvement of PPT cholinergic neurons has bee...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.6.2975
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The transmission in the spinal monosynaptic pathway was studied during repetitive stimulation of a motor nerve by 10 stimuli at 2, 5, or 10 Hz in spinal cats. Initially, the amplitudes of the monosynaptic responses rapidly declined, reaching a plateau after a few stimuli. The level of the plateau was inversely rela...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1977.40.1.95
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The exercise pressor reflex, a crucial component of the cardiovascular response under physiological and pathophysiological states, is activated via metabolic and mechanical mediators that originate from contracting muscles and stimulate group III and IV afferents. We reported previously that stimulation of mu opioid r...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00630.2014
更新日期:2014-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::In free viewing, the eyes return to previously visited locations rather frequently, even though the attentional and memory-related processes controlling eye-movement show a strong antirefixation bias. To overcome this bias, a special refixation triggering mechanism may have to be recruited. We probed the neural eviden...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00121.2018
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single midbrain neurons were examined for effects of ovarian hormone administration on responsiveness to an array of lordosis-controlling types of somatosensory stimuli in anesthetized, ovariectomized Syrian hamsters. Neuronal responses were recorded under four different hormonal treatment conditions: 1) estradiol ben...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1984.51.5.1040
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanical actions of various ankle muscles were changed by surgically crossing or transferring the tendons in kittens. After the kittens grew to adults, both hindlimbs were implanted with multiple electromyogram (EMG) recording and cutaneous nerve stimulation electrodes to compare the activity of altered and norm...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.6.3392
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Responses of complex cells in cat striate cortex were studied with flashed light slit stimuli. The responses to slits flashed in different positions in the receptive field were assessed quantitatively before and after periods of prolonged stimulation of one small region of the receptive field. This type of prolonge...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.69.6.2209
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on the findings of the preceding paper, it is known that auditory and visual signals have been translated into common coordinates at the level of the superior colliculus (SC) and share a motor circuit involved in the generation of saccadic eye movements. It is not known, however, whether the translation of senso...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1987.57.1.35
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In humans with temporal lobe epilepsy and kainate-treated rats, the mossy fibers of the dentate granule cells send collateral axons into the inner molecular layer. Prior investigations on kainate-treated rats demonstrated that abnormal hilar-evoked events can occasionally be observed in slices with mossy fiber sprouti...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.1.418
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primates have a remarkable ability to perceive, recognize, and discriminate among the plethora of people, places, and things that they see, and neural selectivity in the primate inferotemporal (IT) cortex is thought to underlie this ability. Here we investigated the relationship between neural response and perception ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00130.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the visual, auditory, and electrosensory modalities, stimuli are defined by first- and second-order attributes. The fast time-pressure signal of a sound, a first-order attribute, is important, for instance, in sound localization and pitch perception, while its slow amplitude-modulated envelope, a second-order attri...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-07-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.5.2477
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00916.2001
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::L-type calcium channels couple membrane depolarization in neurons to numerous processes including gene expression, synaptic efficacy, and cell survival. To establish the contribution of L-type calcium channels to various signaling cascades, investigators have relied on their unique pharmacological sensitivity to dihyd...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/jn.00486.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The completion of an antisaccade (i.e., a nonstandard task) lengthens the reaction time (RT) of a subsequent prosaccade: a behavioral phenomenon termed the unidirectional prosaccade switch-cost. One explanation for the unidirectional prosaccade switch-cost is suppressing a stimulus-driven prosaccade during the precedi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00352.2014
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The earliest neural response to a mechanical perturbation, the short-latency stretch response (R1: 20-45 ms), is known to exhibit "automatic gain-scaling" whereby its magnitude is proportional to preperturbation muscle activity. Because gain-scaling likely reflects an intrinsic property of the motoneuron pool (via the...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00085.2009
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory depression is a therapy-limiting side effect of opioid analgesics, yet our understanding of the brain circuits mediating this potentially lethal outcome remains incomplete. Here we studied the contribution of the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), a region long implicated in pain modulation and homeostati...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00563.2012
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conjugate eye movements in the horizontal plane are accomplished by the coactivation of the medial rectus (MR) muscle of one orbit and the lateral rectus (LR) muscle of the other. While control of these excursions has been thought to be effected by identical inputs to these muscles, recent studies have demonstrated th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1986.56.1.50
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular recordings of 209 neurons were obtained with carbon fiber-containing multibarrel micropipettes. The cells were isolated in the primary somatosensory cortex of cats anesthetized with barbiturate and classified according to the nature of their response to natural stimuli, the nature of the surrounding mult...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1984.52.6.1066
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have used a computer-based mathematical model of alpha-motoneurons and of group Ia synaptic input to them, based on anatomical and electrophysiological data from the cat spinal cord, in order to examine the effects of variations in neuron size and input resistance and of conductance magnitude and duration on the ge...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1983.50.2.399
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Neocortical brain slices were prepared from rats (35-50 days of age) and maintained in vitro. Intracellular recordings were obtained from neurons in cortical layers II/III. The effect of bath application of cyclothiazide (CYZ), a potent blocker of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.72.2.1032
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00