Abstract：
:Thirty-eight urban volunteers from the Lincoln and Omaha, Nebraska areas were monitored for carbaryl exposure during the summer of 1979. All volunteers were involved in the application of carbaryl incidental to their employment or leisure activities. The investigators made no attempt to affect the method of carbaryl application. The mean rates of carbaryl exposure were 3.85 and 0.26 microgram cm-2 hr-1, respectively, for the outside of the clothing and the skin beneath the clothing; clothing apparently provided an effective barrier to carbaryl penetration. The rate of carbaryl exposure to the hands of applicators was 2.36 and 24.96 micrograms cm-21 hr-1, respectively, for applicators with and without gloves. The maximum dermal exposure recorded in this study was 2.86 mg kg-1 hr-1 which is significantly less than the stimated dermal LD50 value for carbaryl (4000 mg kg-1). The maximum air concentration of carbaryl was 0.28 microgram L-1. Only a small mean decrease was found in the applicators serum (-1.01%) or erythrocyte (-1.39%) acetylcholinesterase activity. Although some applicators had decreases in either serum or erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity greater than 20%, an equal number had increases of the same magnitude. The mean total carbaryl exposure to the applicators, expressed as a percent of toxic dose per hr, was 0.01%, with a maximum estimated exposure of 0.08%.
journal_name
Arch Environ Contam Toxicoljournal_title
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicologyauthors
Gold RE,Leavitt JR,Holcslaw T,Tupy Ddoi
10.1007/BF01055187subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-01-01 00:00:00pages
63-7issue
1eissn
0090-4341issn
1432-0703journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Agricultural workers are exposed to pesticide residues via dermal contact with foliage upon entry of treated fields. Restricted Entry Intervals (REIs) are established based on both toxicity and exposure. Key factors for estimation of potential worker exposures are dislodgeable foliar residues (DFRs) and the manner in ...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-003-2166-y
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urinary hippuric acid, phenol, and o-cresol, which are biomarkers for toluene, benzene, and phenol exposures, are usually present in a significant amount in urine collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed to the organic solvents. With the improvement of working environments, the urinary concentr...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002449900015
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is continuing concern that release of certain chemicals into the environment leads to human exposure to toxins, particularly through contaminated ground and surface waters. The triazine herbicide atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamine-6-isopropylamino-S-triazine) is routinely found as a contaminant in many surface and ...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-003-3087-5
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have become an ubiquitous upper soil component as a consequence of industrialization involving a multitude of combustion processes. Ingestion of PAH contaminated soil is considered to be a major exposure route, specifically for small children living on these soils. Health risk as...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002449900259
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish in boreal reservoirs have been shown to be increased for up to 3 decades after impoundment. However, the time course of increased concentrations is not well known. The purpose of this study was to determine the evolution of Hg concentrations in fish in the boreal reservoirs of north...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-006-0113-4
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A battery of in vitro bioassays, including a Neutral Red (NR) assay using MCF-7 cells for predicting cytotoxic chemicals, an ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity assay using H4IIE cells to check for dioxin-like chemicals, and a recombinant gene yeast assay for screening estrogenic chemicals, was conducted to ...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-004-0204-z
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous and highly toxic contaminant that can have negative effects on wildlife. Only a few studies have measured Hg concentrations in birds from the south central United States, and the potential threat of Hg contamination to birds in this region is largely unknown. In the present study, we asses...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-015-0189-9
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The floristic composition, the abundance, and the cover of pioneer plant species of spontaneously formed plant communities and the content of total phenolics and phenolic acids, as humus constituents, of an ash deposit after 7 years of recultivation were studied. The restoration of both the soil and the vegetation on ...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-005-0071-2
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we examined heavy-metal concentrations in feathers of nestling great tits Parus major and blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus at two different sites (urban parkland vs. deciduous forest) located in the Łódź agglomeration in relation to interyear variation. We found that tit species did not differ significantl...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-014-0028-4
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and estrogenic activity in the porewaters of two river basins in southern Italy that had different features. Three samples from each site were collected in different seasons from 7 sites for a total of 21 samples. Mutagenicity was measured with the Ames test with and without...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-013-9928-y
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the measures adopted, levels of organochlorine compounds (OCs) are still being detected in the human body. This study aimed to explore factors related to changes in the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticide OCs in blood samples obtained from a general population cohort. Two cross-sec...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-014-0107-6
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study could serve as a multidisciplinary approach for the assessment of river surface water quality with the use of chemical and biological methods. Specifically, physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and pesticides were measured in water samples from three different stations (sampling station S1, S2, ...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-015-0152-9
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been demonstrated that the human biomonitoring of susceptible populations is a valuable method for the identification of critical contaminants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the exposure profile for arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-016-0273-9
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA-protein cross-links (DPXs) in fish erythrocytes represent a potential biomarker for exposure to metal cations, such as hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) and divalent nickel (Ni[II]). Species-specific sensitivities to DPX formation were studied by coexposure of juvenile specimens of rainbow trout, hybrid bluegill, and c...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-008-9175-9
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined possible adverse effects of heavy metals on microbial activity, biomass, and community composition using the simultaneously extracted metals (SEM)/acid-volatile sulfide (AVS)-based approach and measurements of exchangeable metal concentrations in three paddy soils (wastewater-contaminated soil, mine-contam...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-017-0387-8
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sexually maturing female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were exposed to 10 microg/L of waterborne lead Pb(NO(3))(2) for 12 days during endogenous vitellogenesis and 12 days during exogenous vitellogenesis. Lead had no significant effect on either gonadosomatic indices or mean maximum diameters of developing oocyt...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002449910006
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a common additive in many foods, pigments, personal care products, and other consumer products used in daily life. Despite the widespread use of nanoscale TiO2 and composites of nanoscale TiO2 in the food industry, there is a serious lack of awareness of the toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles (N...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-014-0109-4
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lead poisoning of waterfowl has been reported for decades in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin (CDARB) in Idaho as a result of the ingestion of lead-contaminated sediments. This study was conducted to determine whether the addition of phosphoric acid to sediments would reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of lead to ma...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-005-5009-1
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Scientists interested in contamination normally deal only with pollution itself, not with people's perceptions of pollution or the relationship between pollution and land use. The overall objective of this article was to examine the relationship between people's perceptions of pollution and their views on future land ...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-008-9141-6
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The occurrence of high concentrations of a PCB (Aroclor 1254) in the Pensacola estuary prompted field and laboratory studies by the Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory (EPA). Monitoring of the estuary indicates the chemical is present in all components--particularly in sediments and fishes. Residues appear t...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02221129
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To understand the physiological mechanism that confers Cd sensitivity/tolerance, Cd uptake and translocation by Cd-sensitive mutant and wild-type rice seedlings were characterized using radioactive tracer. Time-dependent Cd accumulation during 210 min was 1.8-fold higher in roots of the mutant than of wild-type rice. ...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-008-9273-8
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of the nutritional state (condition factor), age, and sex of Common Guillemots (Uria aalge) on trace element levels was examined to investigate the validity of geographical comparisons of metal accumulations in dying and dead oiled seabirds. A quotient of liver mass to kidney mass was calculated as a con...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00212675
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In eight Dutch or Belgian common tern (Sterna hirundo) colonies, breeding biology and food choice were determined, and 15 second eggs were collected from three-egg clutches for artificial incubation, biochemical analysis and analysis of yolk-sac polyhalogenated hydrocarbon (PHAH) levels. Results from these analyses we...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00203917
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HSAS (high-solubility alkyl sulfate) is a new anionic surfactant composed predominantly of methyl and ethyl branched hexadecyl and heptadecyl sulfate. Effects of HSAS on a wide range of fish, algae, and invertebrates were investigated in conventional laboratory toxicity tests as well as in exposures conducted as part ...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-005-1044-1
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A replicated field experiment was conducted at two locations to determine the disappearance of methomyl from flue-cured tobacco. Immediately after application, methomyl residues were 88 and 113 ppm at Clayton and 44 and 105 ppm at Reidsville, respectively, for 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha application rates. After 5 days these ...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02220903
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is difficult to determine the deposition levels of gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as even atmospheric PAHs mainly exist in the gas phase. Gaseous PAH fluxes across the air-water interface were measured in Merinos, Bursa, Turkey. Direct gaseous fluxes of PAHs were measured intermittently for the pe...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-007-9096-z
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anaerobic biodegradation of an artificial mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which simulates the PAH component of creosote, was examined under methanogenic, sulfidogenic, and nitrate-reducing conditions using creosote-contaminated sediment as the source of inoculum. PAH degradation, CH4 formation and ...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002449900160
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The golden-brown algae Isochrysis galbana, a primary producer, was used to determine the influence of the chemical dispersing agent, Corexit 9527((R)), on the bioavailability of naphthalene. Cells were exposed to laboratory preparations of either the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of Prudhoe Bay crude oil (PBCO) or...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002449900376
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of the study was to corroborate or refute the hypothesis that farmers having a high intake of organic grown commodities have a high semen quality due to their expected lower level of dietary pesticides intake. Food frequency data and semen were collected from 256 farmers (171 traditional farmers and 85 o...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002449900533
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is widely recognized that marine mammals are exposed to a wide variety of pollutants, with a weight of evidence indicating impacts on their health. Since hundreds of new chemicals enter the global market every year,the methods, approaches and technologies used to characterize pollution levels or impacts are also in...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00244-015-0233-9
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
