Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Existing formulas for rate-corrected QT (QTc) commonly fail to properly adjust the upper normal limits which are more critical than the mean QTc for evaluation of prolonged QT. Age- and sex-related differences in QTc are also often overlooked. Our goal was to establish criteria for prolonged QTc using formulas that minimize QTc bias at the upper normal limits. METHODS AND RESULTS:Strict criteria were used in selecting a study group of 57,595 persons aged 5 to 89 years (54% women) and to exclude electrocardiograms (ECG) with possible disease-associated changes. Two QT rate adjustment formulas were identified which both minimized rate-dependency in the 98 th percentile limits: QTcmod, based on an electrophysiological model (QTcMod = QTx(120 + HR)/180)), and QTcLogLin, a power function of the RR interval with exponents 0.37 for men and 0.38 for women. QTc shortened in men during adolescence and QTcMod became 13 ms shorter than in women at age 20-29 years. The sex difference was maintained through adulthood although decreasing with age. The criteria established for prolonged QTc were: Age < 40 years, men 430 ms, women 440 ms; Age 40 to 69, men 440 ms, women 450 ms; Age ≥ 70 years, men 455 ms, and women 460 ms. CONCLUSIONS:Sex difference in QTc originates from shortened QT in adolescent males. Upper normal limits for QTc vary substantially by age and sex, and it is essential to use age- and sex-specific criteria for evaluation of QT prolongation.
journal_name
Int J Cardioljournal_title
International journal of cardiologyauthors
Rautaharju PM,Mason JW,Akiyama Tdoi
10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.133subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-07-01 00:00:00pages
535-40issue
3eissn
0167-5273issn
1874-1754pii
S0167-5273(14)00813-4journal_volume
174pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion cause dysfunction of the coronary vasculature leading to a sustained reduction in coronary blood flow and an impairment of responses to both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilators. In contrast, when previously ischaemic arteries are removed from the myocardi...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.181
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2007-01-08 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-03-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2013-08-20 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-10-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 信件
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更新日期:2011-05-19 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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