Abstract:
:This paper offers suggestions to adi the selection of appropriate instruments and data gathering methods for studies that require measures of personal health status applicable in general populations. Before selecting measures, the reason for studying health status must be identified. Next, definitional issues arise when attempting to specify the components of health that are to be studied. Evidence supports restriction of the definition of personal health status to its physical and mental components, rather than including social circumstances as well. In evaluating the suitability of available measures, three features must be considered: 1) practicality in terms of administration, respondent burden, and analysis; 2) reliability in terms of the study design and group or individual comparisons; 3) validity, in terms of providing information about the particular health components of interest to the study. Evaluating validity will be difficult for most available measures; careful attention to item content will be helpful in choosing appropriate measures. Despite problems in development and interpretation, overall health status indicators will prove useful to many studies and should be considered, as should both subjective and objective measures of health status. Given that the reasons to measure health have been identified, the aspects of health to be measured specified, and attention paid to their suitability, appropriate measures may often be found among those now available.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Ware JE Jr,Brook RH,Davies AR,Lohr KNdoi
10.2105/ajph.71.6.620subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-06-01 00:00:00pages
620-5issue
6eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) (1982 through 1984) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) II (1976 through 1980) were used to examine reported physician-diagnosed asthma among 6-month-old through 11-year-old children. The highest prevalence of active ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.4.580
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study assessed trends in HIV risk behaviors among injection drug users in New York City from 1990 to 1997. METHODS:Injection drug users were recruited continuously from a large drug detoxification treatment program (N = 2588) and a research storefront located in a high-drug-use area (N = 2701). Informe...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.7.1112
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::With this article, we develop the Drinking Water Disparities Framework to explain environmental injustice in the context of drinking water in the United States. The framework builds on the social epidemiology and environmental justice literatures, and is populated with 5 years of field data (2005-2010) from California...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301664
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case control study was conducted in North Carolina to explore the relation between individual exposure to sunlight and the risk of cataracts. One hundred thirteen cases and 161 controls aged 40-69 at diagnosis were studied. Sunlight exposure was inferred from interview data on residency and time spent in the sun, co...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.11.1459
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated a community-based participatory research worksite intervention intended to improve farmworkers' behaviors at work and after work to reduce occupational and take-home pesticide exposures. The workers received warm water and soap for hand washing, gloves, coveralls, and education. Self-reported assessments ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.149146
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In this study we examined the relationship between indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) and mortality for a representative sample of individuals. METHODS:The sample included 3734 individuals aged 45 and older interviewed in 1984 in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. In the current study, mortality was ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.7.1151
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Falls and fall-induced injuries in older people are a major public health problem in modern societies with aging populations. Injury is the fifth leading cause of death in older adults, and most of these fatal injuries are related to falls. We have assessed the nationwide trends in fall-induced deaths of older people ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.047779
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thanks to the Affordable Care Act, thousands of people living with HIV who have received Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program-funded care are now eligible for Medicaid or subsidized insurance. The protection against insurance discrimination on the basis of preexisting conditions is increasing health care access for many, but t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302442
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We studied state-adopted bicycle guidelines to determine whether cycle tracks (physically separated, bicycle-exclusive paths adjacent to sidewalks) were recommended, whether they were built, and their crash rate. METHODS:We analyzed and compared US bicycle facility guidelines published between 1972 and 1999...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301043
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To test the effectiveness of a preclinical, telephone-based patient navigation intervention to encourage colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among older Black men. METHODS:We conducted a 3-parallel-arm, randomized trial among 731 self-identified Black men recruited at barbershops between 2010 and 2013 in New ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303885
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a quality-of-life method for valuing changes in health status. Our model determines changes in health attributes for different illnesses and then estimates the dollar value of the corresponding welfare losses. We used our quality-of-life approach to estimate willingness to pay to avoid asthma, a headache,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.11.1553
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To assess the validity of the immigrant health paradox among Arab Americans in California.Methods. We used data from the 2003 to 2017 California Health Interview Survey (n = 1425). We used survey-weighted χ2 and logistic regression analyses to compare Arabs by immigrant generation on socioeconomic indicato...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305308
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We used participatory design methods to develop and test guidebooks about health care choices intended for 600 000 English-, Spanish-, and Chinese-speaking seniors and people with disabilities receiving Medicaid in California. METHODS:Design and testing processes were conducted with consumers and profession...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.155648
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to assess the role of siblings in day care as a determinant of infants' risk of lower respiratory tract infections. METHODS:A total of 3238 children (86%) out of 3754 Oslo, Norway, newborns recruited in 1992/93 were followed for 1 year. RESULTS:In logistic regression analysis,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.10.1456
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::National rates of unintended births are a major public health concern. The availability of highly effective long-acting contraceptives has prompted some public officials to promote the coercive use of these methods to reduce such problems as intergenerational poverty and child abuse. Broad-brush public policies that r...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.6.787
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined information on tar and nicotine yields on the packages of 160 cigarette brands, 58 percent of the 275 brands for which tar and nicotine yields were listed in a recent Federal Trade Commission report. The tar yield was indicated on 14 percent, the nicotine yield was indicated on 11 percent. As tar yield inc...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.5.551
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess potential reductions in premature mortality that could have been achieved in 2008 to 2012 if the minimum wage had been $15 per hour in New York City. METHODS:Using the 2008 to 2012 American Community Survey, we performed simulations to assess how the proportion of low-income residents in each neig...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303188
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the association of household-level stressors with depressive symptoms among low-wage nursing home employees. METHODS:Data were collected in 2006 and 2007 from 452 multiethnic primary and nonprimary wage earners in 4 facilities in Massachusetts. We used logistic regression to estimate the associ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300323
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the light of a possible link between stress and cancer promotion or progression, and of previously reported distress in residents near the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear power plant, we attempted to evaluate the impact of the March 1979 accident on community cancer rates. METHODS:Proximity of residence ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.6.719
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 100 years ago, public health began as an organized discipline, its purpose being to improve the health of populations rather than of individuals. Given its population-based focus, however, public health perennially faces dilemmas concerning the appropriate extent of its reach and whether its activities infri...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.11.1776
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the factors influencing delay in seeking abortion and the outcomes for women denied abortion care because of gestational age limits at abortion facilities. METHODS:We compared women who presented for abortion care who were under the facilities' gestational age limits and received an abortion (n ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301378
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Whitehall Study, which followed 17,139 male civil servants over 33 years, the association between tall stature and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality differed between employment grades. In men without CHD at study entry, the hazard ratio per 15-cm increase in height was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0....
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/2004.046219
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Addiction is a complex brain disease with frequently overlapping expressions involving nicotine, alcohol, and other drugs. Yet current health care practices, public policies, and national treatment data too often exclude nicotine or address its use as completely separate from other forms of substance use and addiction...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301448
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cash can never compensate people for a half century of exile and the destruction of a lifestyle and culture. ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.9.1371
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study estimated the magnitude of health improvements resulting from a proposed living wage ordinance in San Francisco. METHODS:Published observational models of the relationship of income to health were applied to predict improvements in health outcomes associated with proposed wage increases in San Fr...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.9.1398
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a case-control study of lung cancer deaths in the Teamsters Union to compare the risk of different occupations within the teamsters, after controlling for smoking and other confounders. Occupations with no presumed exposure to diesel fumes were used as the nonexposed group. The study population consisted ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.6.670
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We analyzed cervical cancer incidence and mortality data in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women compared with women of other races. METHODS:We improved identification of AI/AN race, cervical cancer incidence, and mortality data using Indian Health Service (IHS) patient records; our analyses focu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301681
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several epidemiologists have published papers in major medical journals in which they compare incidence rates and prevalence and use these comparisons to support conclusions regarding questions of major public health importance. Although these papers have been criticized in published correspondence, we believe that co...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.9.1301
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among men who have sex with men. METHODS:At the baseline visit of an HIV study among men who have sex with men, we asked about HBV vaccination status and tested for HBV markers. RESULTS:Of 625 subjects, 48% h...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.10.1570
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interview data from a three-wave panel study of the impact of the residential environment upon the psychological well-being of 337 minority women were used to examine the effects of household infestation upon self-reported depression, phobic anxiety, somatization, hostility, and anomia. The findings of cross-sectional...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.11.1303
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00