Abstract：
:Individual variability in sensitivity to the acute thermic effects of nicotine has been difficult to study because of methodological limitations in the use of smoking to manipulate nicotine dose. This study examined the influence of smoking history, body composition, and, in a subset of subjects, aerobic fitness and physical activity on the thermic effect of nicotine using a measured-dose nasal spray procedure. Following overnight fasting and smoking abstinence, 38 healthy male smokers were intermittently administered a nicotine dose corrected for body weight (15 micrograms/kg, approx. 1.1 mg for average subject) or placebo on separate occasions in a within-subjects study. Indirect calorimetry was used to assess resting energy expenditure (REE) before and after dosing. Acute thermic response to nicotine ranged from -4.3 to +10.8 kcal/h (-5.4% to +12.6% of REE). Thermic response to nicotine was correlated significantly with aerobic fitness (r = 0.58, p < 0.005), physical activity (r = 0.44, p < 0.05), and number of pack-years of smoking (r = 0.43, p < 0.01). Thermic response was marginally correlated with percent body fat (r = -0.23, p < 0.10), but not with body weight (r = 0.04), percent of ideal weight for height (r = -0.10), or lean body mass (r = 0.05). These results indicate that male smokers higher in fitness and activity and with greater smoking exposure histories may experience greater increases in energy expenditure as a result of nicotine intake via smoking. Consequently, variability in these characteristics could help account for some of the variability in weight gain after stopping smoking.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
Perkins KA,Sexton JEdoi
10.1016/0031-9384(94)00381-esubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-06-01 00:00:00pages
1097-102issue
6eissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
003193849400381Ejournal_volume
57pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract：:Rats were instrumented with arterial catheters and directional-pulsed Doppler flow probes for assessment of blood pressure, heart rate, and blood flow in the renal, mesenteric, and hindquarter vascular beds. Subjects were tested in an intermittent shock procedure under paired and isolated social conditions and the car...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(89)90198-4
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vagal afferents are a vital link between the peripheral tissue and central nervous system (CNS). There is an abundance of vagal afferents present within the proximal gastrointestinal tract which are responsible for monitoring and controlling gastrointestinal function. Whilst essential for maintaining homeostasis there...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.012
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of single waves of unilateral cortical spreading depression (CSD) on skin-cooling operant behavior were studied in the rat with and without unilateral lesion in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH). The skin-cooling behavior was severely suppressed for 6 min, with a resulting rise in rectal temperatu...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(83)90227-5
更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effects of 30 min of cycling exercise at a moderate intensity of 50% peak oxygen uptake, compared to 30 min of rest, on changes in emotional responses to pictorial foreground stimuli that reliably elicit unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant affect. Emotional responses were measured by self-reports of vale...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.10.001
更新日期：2007-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Ibotenic acid (IBO) is assumed to lesion neurons and to spare fibers of passage. The effects of such lesions in the amygdaloid complex of rats were compared to those of radio frequency lesions (RF) on a passive avoidance task. Both lesions impaired the acquisition of the passive avoidance response. Plasma corticostero...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(85)90119-2
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The palatability of food has been shown to influence the cephalic phase reflexes. To determine if food palatability affects the magnitude of cephalic phase insulin release (CPIR) in humans, normal-weight women were asked to list foods that they found palatable and unpalatable. Subjects then stayed overnight in the hos...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(96)80033-3
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enkephalins facilitate female reproductive behavior. Within the limbic system and hypothalamus, estrogen induced the expression of preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA. Estrogen injection caused a biphasic increase in the PPE mRNA levels within the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and posterodorsal medial amygdala. The first ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00261-9
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of this study was to investigate possible relationships between different aspects of behavioural decline in aged (17 months) NMRI mice by a multivariate analysis. These mice presented defects in spatial processing both in place learning in a Morris-type water maze and in spontaneous alternation in a Y-maze, a...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90120-5
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats' voluntary ethanol intake varies with dispositional factors and energy status. The joint influences of these were of interest here. We previously reported that rats selectively bred for high voluntary saccharin intake (HiS) consume more ethanol and express more robust conditioning of preference for flavors paired...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.12.001
更新日期：2013-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of the participation of different substantia nigra sites in the sensitization of resistant (R) animals to audiogenic seizures (AS), was performed after series of small (5 mC; n = 28), medium (10 mC; n = 57) and large (15 mC; 3 points of 5 mC each, n = 19) unilateral electrolytic lesions of the substantia ni...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(95)00050-s
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH) is characterized by a drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥20 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥10 mmHg within three minutes of upright posture. NOH is common in the elderly population. This group of individuals is at an increased risk for deficits in multiple cognitive...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112682
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of olfactory cues from the male and of olfactory bulb removal on early mating behavior in sexually inexperienced diestrous female rats primed with estrogen. Four-day cyclic rats isolated from the male were given either 2.5 micrograms or 10 micrograms estradiol b...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(86)90159-9
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A large part of domestic food intake may be determined by retail food purchase behavior, and it is commonly believed that this may be significantly influenced by the shopper's state of food deprivation. In the present study, 198 subjects recruited just prior to shopping at a large supermarket completed questionnaires ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(96)00241-7
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes influence urinary odors (odortypes) of mice. That volatile odorants are involved is supported by the observation that odortype identity can be detected from a distance. Furthermore, chemical analyses of urines have revealed numerous volatile odorants that differ in relative...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.10.003
更新日期：2009-01-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Environmental temperature can strongly affect sleep. The habitual sleep phase is usually located between evening decline and morning rise of the circadian rhythm of core body temperature (CBT). However, the thermophysiological mechanisms promoting or disturbing sleep are not yet fully understood. The purpose of this s...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.014
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The alcohol withdrawal syndrome consists of a kinetic tremor, the tremorous component, and a peculiar abnormality of tone called asterixis, the muscular rigidity component. The severity of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome in the rat is generally assessed by the severity of the tremors. 3-Hydroxybutyrate suppresses the ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(86)90123-x
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although cooperation represents a long-standing evolutionary puzzle, field studies on social carnivores have contributed greatly to our understanding of the selective forces favoring cooperative breeding. Despite these insights, our grasp of the proximate mechanisms facilitating cooperation in carnivores remains surpr...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.11.006
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early Pb exposure is known to disrupt the development of the hippocampus and result in deficits in learning and memory capacities and altered seizure susceptibility. The excitatory amino acid, NMDA, is found in high concentrations in the hippocampus and has been implicated in learning and memory functions and seizure ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(92)90398-l
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two preliminary studies were conducted to assess the effects of an intensive outpatient psychotherapy, Feeling Therapy, on sleep. This therapy was chosen because of its demonstrated ability to affect its patients' dreams. In the first study a newly entering female patient was recorded across the first three weeks of i...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(77)90288-8
更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A non-rotating, chronically implanted microdrive for small animals is described. The unit can be used for recording both slow wave and single unit activity. ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(83)80011-0
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Snacking, like any dietary behavior, can be practiced in a manner that is healthful or not. The case presented in this critical review of the literature is that snacking is problematic, primarily due to its contribution to positive energy balance and promotion of overweight/obesity. There is strong evidence that snack...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.010
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tonic immobility (TI) is considered to be a final stage in a sequence of defensive responses occurring in the prey/predator encounter. It is known that the basal midbrain of toads is involved in the organization of defensive behavior and analgesia. This study investigated the effect of electrolytic or neurotoxic lesio...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00433-9
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A technique is described in which rat pups (5-7 days old) are induced into a state of suspended animation by placing them in the freezing compartment of a refrigerator at -20 degrees C for 8-10 minutes. This induces cessation of respiration and heart beat for 12-15 minutes. Surgical pinealectomy is undertaken during t...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(89)90088-7
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An operant chamber has been developed for studying lever-press conditioning in the green crab Carcinus maenas. In one series of experiments, animals were presented with a single bar and were reinforced with food for every bar press. Performance increased over time and high rates of responding were observed after 2 day...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(90)90311-q
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We developed and validated a method to measure steroid hormones with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in faecal samples of white-faced capuchins. The method includes the measurement of adrenal and gonadal hormones such as cortisol, testosterone, estrone, progesterone and a number of their faec...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.09.004
更新日期：2012-01-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Forty-two nondieting adult males were given 8 or 16 oz of lemonade, sweetened to equal intensity with either aspartame or sucrose, or the same volumes of water, or no drink. Subjects were separated into three groups receiving the drinks at different times: with a self-selection lunch, or 30, or 60 min before lunch. Fo...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(90)90254-2
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Triacylglycerols of varying chain lengths were tested for their effects on food intake in fasted Single-Comb White Leghorn cockerels 9-12 weeks of age. Tributyrin, tricaprylin, triolein, or saline were intubated intragastrically or infused intrahepatically. All triacylglycerol administrations were in 10 ml volumes wit...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(92)90300-q
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study determined whether liking and relative reinforcing value (RRV) of physical activity were associated with time youth spend in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Boys (n=21) and girls (n=15) age 8 to 12 years were measured for height, weight, aerobic fitness, liking and RRV of physical activity, a...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.01.010
更新日期：2008-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：:To cover their energy demands, prey animals are forced to search for food. However, during foraging they also expose themselves to the risk of becoming the prey of predators. Consequently, in order to increase their fitness foraging animals have to trade-off efficiency of foraging against the avoidance of predation ri...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.11.005
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Animals were assigned to three experimental groups, conditioned (cyclophosphamide-glucose treatment; C group), non-conditioned (cyclophosphamide-commercial pellet treatment; NC group) and placebo (saline solution-glucose treatment; P group). The three groups were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with sheep red blood ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00093-6
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
