Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:This study describes the costs and outcomes of community-based tuberculin screening programs conducted between 1987 and 1991 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. METHODS:Follow-up information was abstracted from hospital records of all reactors detected in tuberculin screening of students in grades 6 and 10, of first-year health professional students, and of workers aged 18 to 25 in a number of workforces. Screening costs were estimated directly from survey records, and follow-up costs were estimated from the annual financial report of the Montreal Chest Hospital for 1989/90. RESULTS:Of 7669 persons tested, 782 (10.2%) had positive results and 757 (9.9%) were referred to a clinic. Of those, 525 (6.8% of the original 7669) reported, 293 (3.8%) were prescribed therapy, and 154 (2.0%) were compliant. In Canadian dollars, screening cost $5.70 per person tested and $56 per tuberculin reactor detected, but follow-up of reactors accounted for 73% of the total program cost of $13,455 to $18,753 per case of tuberculosis prevented. CONCLUSIONS:Because of high rates of patient and provider noncompliance, a tuberculin screening program was much less cost-effective than anticipated. Screening costs must be targeted to the highest risk populations, and compliance with recommendations for preventive therapy must be maximized.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Adhikari N,Menzies Rdoi
10.2105/ajph.85.6.786subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-06-01 00:00:00pages
786-90issue
6eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:We compared cycling injury risks of 14 route types and other route infrastructure features. METHODS:We recruited 690 city residents injured while cycling in Toronto or Vancouver, Canada. A case-crossover design compared route infrastructure at each injury site to that of a randomly selected control site fro...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300762
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to test the efficacy of an intervention that was designed to promote social inclusion and commitment to education, in reducing among students health risk behaviors and improving emotional well-being. METHODS:The design was a cluster-randomized trial in 25 secondary schools in Victoria, Australia. ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.047399
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the association between the size and growth of Latino populations and hospitals' uncompensated care in California. METHODS:Our sample consisted of general acute care hospitals in California operating during 2000 and 2010 (n = 251). We merged California hospital data with US Census data for each ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302583
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in pregnant women in rural South Africa and to determine the value of using abnormal urogenital symptoms to identify infected women. METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study of 327 patients attending prenatal clini...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.8.1243
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The incidence, type, severity, and costs of crash-related injuries requiring hospitalization or resulting in death were compared for helmeted and unhelmeted motorcyclists. METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort study of injured motorcyclists in Washington State in 1989. Motorcycle crash data were linked to...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.1.41
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Information regarding all patient and staff exposures to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was prospectively accumulated from 1/1/86 to 12/31/86 at North Carolina Memorial Hospital. During this period of time 37 sources of exposure to VZV were reported: 10 outside and 27 within the hospital. Index cases for nosocomial expo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.1.19
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Food fortification is an effective public health tool for addressing micronutrient deficiencies. The mandatory fortification of enriched cereal grains (e.g., wheat flour) with folic acid, which began in the United States in 1998, is an example of a successful intervention that significantly reduced the rate of neural ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300135
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined two major methadone treatment factors, visit frequency and methadone dose, posited to be important in reducing intravenous drug use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. METHODS:One hundred fifty opiate-dependent subjects randomly assigned to four groups received 50 or 80 ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.1.34
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper models the prevailing political attack on government as a heuristic, a judgmental strategy that simplifies complex phenomena by applying simple tests to a limited set of relevant data. The heuristic of market individualism offers three tools for analyzing the problems of governing: the supremacy of the free...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.10.1607
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Prospectively gathered data were used to reexamine and to strengthen previously described observations about education and the risk of alcohol abuse and dependence. The hypothesis was that individuals who dropped out of high school and those who entered college but failed to get a college degree might be at ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.6.830
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated perceived social and environmental supports for physical activity and walking using multivariable modeling. Perceptions were obtained on a sample of households in a southeastern county. Respondents were classified according to physical activity levels and walking behaviors. Respondents who had good street...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.3.440
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We determined differences in weight at age 18 years and at current age and weight change by sexual orientation within different racial/ethnic populations, stratifying by gender. METHODS:We used 2001-2007 data from the California Health Interview Survey, resulting in an unweighted sample of 120,274 individua...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301391
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This analysis describes trends in the prevalence of genital chlamydial infection in economically disadvantaged young women entering a national job training program. METHODS:We examined chlamydia test data for May 1990 through June 1997 for women aged 16 to 24 years who enrolled in the program. The significa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.8.1287
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study analyzed associations between income eligibility criteria under the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) and state characteristics. METHODS:We used multivariate methods to explore relations between eligibility expansions under SCHIP and percentages of uninsured children from low-inco...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.9.1449
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined which local health department (LHD)-level factors contributed to successful implementation of policy, systems, and environmental change strategies in Minnesota. METHODS:We used a retrospective mixed-methods design to evaluate the relationship between the Statewide Health Improvement Plan (SHIP) ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302419
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To develop a protocol for prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in Wisconsin prisons, we interviewed 619 male prisoners at incarceration to obtain information on hepatitis B risk factors. We defined previous infections by the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B surface...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.10.1182
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied variation in the year of onset of ischemic heart disease mortality decline among regions (n = 39) in the Netherlands. Using loglinear regression methods, a quadratic regression model was fitted to the observed numbers of male deaths in each region in the period 1950-84, controlling for changes in age-struct...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.12.1621
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We describe behavioral health diagnoses and community release patterns among adult male and female inmates in New Jersey prisons and assess their implications for correctional health care and community reentry. METHODS:We used clinical and classification data on a census of "special needs" inmates (those wi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.059733
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background. Research has found a strong link between ageism, in the form of negative stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination toward older people, and risks to their physical and mental health. Little is known, however, about the effectiveness of strategies to reduce ageism. Objectives. To assess the relative effect...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305123
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association of life events and mental health impairment was studied in a community-based population of the elderly (n = 986). A crude estimate of the relative risk for mental health impairment given life events larger than or equal to 150 (as measured by the Schedule of Recent Events) was 2.14. A relative risk of ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.70.11.1174
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the roles of Doctors of Podiatric Medicine (DPMs) and orthopedic surgeons in the provision of foot surgery by analyzing the 1982 computerized claims of over 1.1 million federal employees, retirees, and family members. We found that DPMs provided over 60 per cent of all elective insured foot surgery. Withou...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.8.987
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing costs of institutional care for the aged have occasioned a variety of government cost containment measures. People with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) will be the principal group to suffer from cutbacks. SDAT patients are usually eligible for Intermediate Care Facilities (ICFs), rather than ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.12.1381
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a 30-year period, 1,137 adult residents of Rochester, Minnesota experienced 1235 Colles' fractures. Fracture incidence among women increased over sixfold between ages 35-39 and 60-64 and then leveled off. Male rates were lower in every age group and did not rise as dramatically. Fractures associated with moderate t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.6.605
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We estimated the annual cost of bike and pedestrian trails in Lincoln, Neb, using construction and maintenance costs provided by the Department of Parks and Recreation of Nebraska. We obtained the number of users of 5 trails from a 1998 census report. The annual construction cost of each trail was calculated by using ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.4.549
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To explore whether and how the Affordable Care Act (ACA) affects the relationship between employment and health insurance coverage, health care utilization, and health outcomes among recently incarcerated men aged 18 to 64 years in the United States.Methods. With data from the National Survey on Drug Use a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305419
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systematic reviews are generating valuable scientific knowledge about the impact of public health laws, but this knowledge is not readily accessible to policy makers. We identified 65 systematic reviews of studies on the effectiveness of 52 public health laws: 27 of those laws were found effective, 23 had insufficient...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.130278
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disability is often considered a health outcome disproportionately experienced by minority groups. It is also possible to view people with disabilities as a minority group that itself experiences health disparities. Calls to reduce these disparities necessitate the inclusion of people with developmental disabilities i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301286
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of Be the Exception, a newly developed program to delay onset of sexual behaviors, in a White, rural population. METHODS: A cluster randomized controlled trial in northwestern Indiana (14 schools, 1776 students, 2011-2015) compared an intervention (5 group sessions and multimedia ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303438
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We prospectively identified 102 mechanically restrained hospital patients and determined their hospital course. The cohort was elderly, cognitively impaired with multiple chronic diseases. The in-hospital mortality was 21 percent. Nosocomial infection developed in 12 percent and new pressure sores in 22 percent. Prolo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.6.735
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interorganizational linkages have assumed more import for mental health service systems during the past three decades because of increased levels of complexity in service delivery patterns. This analysis examines these linkages from a relational perspective, with network of patient referral patterns as the basic unit....
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.7.755
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00