Abstract：
:The Ubiquitin-Proteasomes System (UPS) and autophagy, two main intracellular protein degradation pathways within the eukaryotic cells which were originally regarded as rather independent, seem to be very closely related. Proteasome inhibitors, including the multipathway inhibitor bortezomib, are drawing increased attention for their therapeutic potential in the treatment of chronic inflammation and cancer, especially tumours with a high degree of malignancy. The over-activation of autophagy induces cell death and may act as a powerful tumour-suppressing mechanism. However, autophagy, serving as an important mechanism to generate nutrients in time of cellular stresses, may directly contribute to the survival of cells treated with proteasome inhibitors, and in consequence, may decrease the effectiveness of therapy. Results of studies performed on several cancer cell lines demonstrated synergy between proteasome inhibitors and autophagy inhibitors. Those results became the base for ongoing clinical trials investigating autophagy inhibition in combination with anti-cancer therapies, including bortezomib. This review provides summary of the latest data on the functioning of the UPS and the mechanisms of autophagy. The new insights describing the main pathways of autophagy activation in response to UPS inhibition related to: (i) Unfolded Protein Response, (ii) PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and (iii) formation of aggresomes, are discussed. It is concluded that concomitant inhibition of the two main cellular protein degradation systems may provide new therapeutic modalities for cancer treatment.
journal_name
Folia Histochem Cytobioljournal_title
Folia histochemica et cytobiologicaauthors
Wojcik Sdoi
10.5603/FHC.2013.0036subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-01 00:00:00pages
249-64issue
4eissn
0239-8508issn
1897-5631pii
VM/OJS/J/37096journal_volume
51pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) was isolated from tumours and is thought to represent the main factor responsible for humoral hypercalcaemia, which accompanies neoplastic diseases. At present, the protein is known to reside in multiple tissues and organs of both humans and animals. Our study was aimed at d...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In root meristems of 3 species (Secale cereale L., Vicia faba L. subsp. minor, Allium cepa L.) the durations of cell cycles and their phases were calculated using 3H-thymidine labelling. In the above species and in Helianthus annuus L. (parameters of the cell cycle determined earlier) the G1 and G2 phase durations wer...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Forty pituitary adenomas were immunostained with an antibody raised against the C-terminal fragment (101-109) of human prothymosin alpha (PT alpha). The strong positive immunostaining was found in the subpopulation of cell nuclei and intratumoral vessel walls, while the cytoplasm of adenoma cells was slightly immunopo...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2478/v10042-009-0096-2
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The biology of breast cancer is closely releted to sex steroid hormones. Estrogen receptor beta is overexpressed in around 70% breast cancer cases, referrd to as "ER positive". Estrogens bind to estrogen receptor and stimulate the transcription of genes involved in control of cell proliferation. Moreover, estrogens ma...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2478/v10042-009-0047-6
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At present, not much is known about progesterone receptor (PR) expression and localization in postmenopausal women ovaries. In the ovaries of reproductive age women, PR is localized in internal theca and granulosa cells, corpus luteum, ovary surface epithelium (OSE) and in stroma. PR expression depends on the serum co...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2478/v10042-008-0038-z
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stimulus-induced changes in free cytosolic Ca2+ in different types of plant cells have been monitored with the aid of fluorescent calcium indicator dyes. However, there is no simple and convenient method for introducing these dyes into the plant cell cytoplasm. This paper reports tests of different procedures for load...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer procoagulant activity in the blood serum of patients with oesophagal, gastric and colorectal cancer was evaluated before and after the tumour removal. Cancer procoagulant activity was significantly higher before the operation in comparison to the control group and was reduced after a total operative procedure, ...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) leads to numerous changes in various biological systems including the reproductive system. The aim of the present study was to find out whether dexamethasone (Dex), a widely used GC, would influence the apoptosis and expression of Bax, an important proapoptotic protein, in the mouse t...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2478/v10042-009-0041-z
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The increased ambient temperature affects the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Since the correlation among vasopressin (VP), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) responses to various stressors have been long recognized, the aim of this study was to reveal the aforementione...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2478/v10042-010-0071-6
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nuclear bodies (NBs) are intranuclear structures described in normal and pathologically altered cells of humans and animals. The NBs are 0.3-1.5 microns round structures. Their function is unknown. In the present paper, we describe NBs in the nuclei of the conjunctiva epithelial cells in one patient with cicatricial p...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by NO synthase (NOS) isoforms: neuronal NOS (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). It is believed that, while nNOS and eNOS are effective in regulation of normal physiological processes, iNOS is expressed at an increasing rate especially in inflammatory process. The aim ...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2478/v10042-008-0032-5
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sperm genomic integrity and ultrastructural features of ejaculated spermatozoa contributing to the assessment of gamete fertility potential in patients with asthenozoospermia are discussed. The proportion of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly higher in the semen of patients with low sperm motility (n=40; p<0.01) a...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently identified biological risk factors in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) include ZAP-70 and CD38 expression. The present study was conducted to clarify whether a combined analysis could improve predictive impact of these two parameters. We examined the expression of ZAP-70 and CD38 by flow cytometry ...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2478/v10042-008-0022-7
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spermatogenesis involves the realization of a particular genetic program which requires a specific environment ("niche"). Multiplication, differentiation and apoptosis of male germ cells are finely regulated by pituitary hormones (mainly LH and FSH), and by a complex network of factors originating from both the somati...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2478/v10042-009-0061-8
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of the NSP fraction and its four peptide constituents (A, C2, D and G) on the 3H-thymidine incorporation into REF and R-XC cells in vitro was described. Only peptide G (at concentration 5 micrograms/ml) affected the growth of the investigated cells, decreasing the 3H-thymidine uptake to 4-13% relative to un...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of a single dose of adrenaline on the neurosecretory action of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system was investigated in 90 male rats. Increased release and transport of neurosecretory material were observed after a low dose of adrenaline, and the enhancement of the neurosecretory process was noted following a...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Struma ovarii (SO) is a monodermal teratoma in which thyroid tissue comprises more than 50% of the tumour. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in SO is a rare finding, as only 5% of SO cases undergo malignant transformation. Malignant SO is usually asymptomatic and infrequently diagnosed preoperatively. Because...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5603/FHC.a2019.0004
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Grid technology has enabled the clustering and the efficient and secure access to and interaction among a wide variety of geographically distributed resources such as: supercomputers, storage systems, data sources, instruments and special devices and services. Their main applications include large-scale computational ...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2478/v10042-009-0116-x
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human chromosome carry different fragile sites, but the most interesting one is the fragile X chromosome, especially in relation to mental retardation. In this report we present micronucleus formation in 5 individuals with the fragile X syndrome and 11 control subjects whose lymphocytes were cultured under 1) hydroxyu...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Structural chromosome aberrations and associated segmental or chromosomal aneusomies are major causes of reproductive failure in humans. Despite the fact that carriers of reciprocal balanced translocation often have no other clinical symptoms or disease, impaired chromosome homologue pairing in meiosis and karyokinesi...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2478/v10042-009-0067-2
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study aimed at examination of tissue expression of polysaccharides and secretory mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in young patients (up to 25 years of age) with a symptomatic gallstones. For comparison, patients most frequently subjected to cholecystectomy were studied, i.e. patients of approximately 50 years of age with the sa...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2478/v10042-010-0053-8
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:STAT3 upregulates expression of HIF-1 induced EPO. Receptor EPOR was reported to activate STAT3. Our study was aimed at demonstration of tissue immunoreactivities of those proteins and determination of their relationships in reference to clinicopathological variables of breast cancers. We detected STAT3, HIF-1alpha, E...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The polytrophic ovarioles of Panorpa communis are differentiated into a terminal filament, germarium and vitellarium. The germarium contains cystoblasts and germ cell clusters at early stages of their differentiation. At the base of germarium the cystocytes become morphologically diversified. One of the central cells ...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Double fluorescence staining with o-phthalaldehyde (OPT) and propidium diiodide (PI) was applied to measure the nuclear protein SH/DNA ratio in species differing in 2C DNA content. It has been shown that protein SH/DNA ratio decreases along with the increase in 2C DNA content. In endosperm, this ratio is higher than i...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lung cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. High mortality comes out mainly of the fact that majority of the cases are diagnosed in advanced stadium. An expanded diagnostics of precancerous conditions would certainly contribute to lowering the mortality rate. Many of the molecular changes accompanying the mul...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2478/v10042-008-0013-8
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chemical basis of the histochemical method for acetylcholinesterase described by Tago et al. was studied. The primary histochemical reaction of Tago's method is performed with diluted Karnovsky's medium, resulting in the in situ formation of Karnovsky's precipitate in minute quantities. The visualization of acetyl...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-four male volunteers (mean +/- SD: age 25.4+/-5.8 years, height 178.6+/-5.5 cm, body mass 72.1+/-7.7 kg) of different training background were investigated and classified into three groups according to their physical activity and sport discipline: untrained students (group A), national and sub-national level en...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Very suggestive evidence for possible role of beta-endorphin (BE) in immune activity has been continuously accumulated in the literature in spite of contradictory results about the involvement of the opiate system in immunological response. The reversed passive Arthus reaction (RPAR) was performed in the dorsal area o...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroblastoma represents one of the most frequently developing malignant solid tumours in children. At the time of diagnosis, in more than half of the cases, metastatic cells are also present in the bone marrow. The present study was aimed at immunocytochemical analysis of selected neuropeptide manifestation in metast...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Histochemical and immunohistochemical methods should often but not always complement standardized histopathologic procedures. Here, we illustrate use of these ancillary techniques in a report of scrotal leiomyosarcoma. 62-year-old male patient presented with a palpable, subcutaneous 2,5 cm wide tumor arising from dart...
journal_title：Folia histochemica et cytobiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5603/FHC.2013.0046
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
