Abstract:
:Early modern medical science did not arise ex nihilo, but was the culmination of a long history stretching back through the Renaissance, the Middle Ages, Byzantium and Roman times, into Greek Antiquity. The long interval between Aristotle and Galen and Harvey and Descartes was punctuated by outstanding visionaries, including Leonardo, the ultimate Renaissance man. His attitude and mindset were based on Aristotelian pursuit of empirical fact and rational thought. He declared himself to be a "man without letters" to underscore his disdain for those whose culture was only mnemonics and philosophical inferences from authoritative books. Leonardo read the Book of Nature with the immense curiosity of the pioneering scientist, ushering in the methodology of modern medical science with help from forerunners. He left no publications, but extensive personal Notebooks: on his scientific research, hydrodynamics, physiological anatomy, etc. Apparently, numerous successors availed themselves of his methodologies and insights, albeit without attribution. In his Notebooks, disordered and fragmentary, Leonardo manifests the exactitude of the engineer and scientist, the spontaneous freshness of one speaking of what he has at heart and that he knows well. His style is unrefined, but intensely personal, rich with emotion and, sometimes, poetic. Leonardo, the visionary anatomist, strived consistently not merely to imitate nature by depicting body structures, but to perceive through analysis and simulations the intimate physiologic processes; i.e., the biomechanics underlying the workings of all bodily organs and components, even the mysterious beating heart. It is fitting to regard him as the first modern medical scientist.
journal_name
Int J Cardioljournal_title
International journal of cardiologyauthors
Pasipoularides Adoi
10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.133subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-02-01 00:00:00pages
103-15issue
2eissn
0167-5273issn
1874-1754pii
S0167-5273(13)02177-3journal_volume
171pub_type
传,历史文章,杂志文章abstract::We describe the case of a man who suffered recurrent pulmonary embolisms despite well-conducted oral anticoagulant therapy. Echocardiography and helical computed tomography revealed a non-mobile right atrial mass related to a leiomyosarcoma of the left renal vein. The prognosis of such a disease is bad and the patient...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.07.044
更新日期:2006-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::Although the state of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) appears to be associated with higher risks of coronary, cerebral and peripheral vascular disease as well as with a number of other clinical conditions, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. There is strong evidence, however, that HHcy could indu...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0167-5273(03)00108-6
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) imposes substantial social costs, including an increased risk of work-related disability and accelerated cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study is to determine the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) associated with RA in a nationwide retrospective cohort study. METHOD...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.233
更新日期:2013-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium channel blockers, as glucocorticoids, may impair generation of NO in vivo, because of urinary nitrates deficit in spite of nitrated derivatives treatment in ischaemic heart disease patients. ...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 临床试验,评论,信件
doi:10.1016/s0167-5273(97)00204-0
更新日期:1997-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular background of the Ca(2+)-sensitizing effect of levosimendan relates to its specific interaction with the Ca(2+)-sensor troponin C molecule in the cardiac myofilaments. Over the years, significant preclinical and clinical evidence has accumulated and revealed a variety of beneficial pleiotropic effects of...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.07.022
更新日期:2012-08-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Heart failure (HF) is increasingly common and characterised by frequent admissions to hospital. To reduce the risk of HF hospitalisation (HFH), approaches as telemonitoring (TM) have been introduced. This study aimed to develop an algorithm for detecting patients at high risk of HFH, using daily collected ph...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.149
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell transplantation therapy is emerging as a promising mode of treatment following myocardial infarction. Of the various cell types that can potentially be used for transplantation, autologous skeletal myoblasts appear particularly attractive, because this would avoid issues of immunogenicity, tumorigenesis, ethics a...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.06.009
更新日期:2005-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Widespread plaque inflammation has been demonstrated in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). We evaluated signs of plaque inflammation in carotid arteries of patients with ACS by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Carotid MRI was performed in 13 patients with ACS and in 9 controls having at least 1 carotid...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.03.077
更新日期:2009-07-24 00:00:00
abstract::To assess whether derivation of an effective mitral prosthetic valve area using the continuity equation provides an improved functional assessment of the Bjork-Shiley mitral prosthesis over the pressure half-time method, Doppler echocardiographic studies were performed in 43 patients 12 +/- 7 months following the valv...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0167-5273(94)90214-3
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.11.041
更新日期:2009-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::The slow channel calcium blocking drugs have been shown to be efficacious in patients with chronic stable angina. They provide effective first alternative therapy to beta-blockers in preventing recurrent episodes of myocardial ischemia in patients who do not tolerate treatment with beta-blocking drugs because of, for ...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0167-5273(82)90002-x
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 24 subjects presenting with apparently idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias, a final diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy was formulated following global evaluation of the clinical, cross-sectional echocardiography and angiographic findings, and the observation of myocardial atrophy with fibro...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0167-5273(92)90177-5
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Since its first description in 1991, many cases of transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome (TLVABS) have been described, but the use of cardiac MRI in this condition is much more recent. METHODS AND RESULTS:We performed a systematic review of the present literature in the MEDLINE and EMBASE da...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.03.067
更新日期:2009-06-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Whether converting to everolimus (EVL) from mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) during the maintenance period after heart transplantation (HTx) reduces cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) progression remains unclear. We sought to determine the effect of converting from MMF with standard-dose calcineurin inhibitors ...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.082
更新日期:2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Proper patient selection criteria for treatment of carotid chronic total occlusion (CTO) are unclear. This study was designed to predict procedure successful rate and 1-year patency after carotid artery stenting (CAS) for carotid CTO using pre-procedural CTA. METHODS:Patients with CTO detected on CTA who un...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.127
更新日期:2016-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Unknown is the predictive value of the coronary artery diameter without the administration of vasomotor stimuli. A small reference diameter of the target vessel has been demonstrated to be an adverse prognostic factor in patients undergoing revascularisation. The present study investigated the prognostic val...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.08.037
更新日期:2005-08-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) during flight might be more detrimental to pulmonary circulation in Fontan patients compared healthy individuals. This study was designed to clarify whether exercise-induced hypoxia could predict HH during flight in Fontan patients. METHODS AND RESULTS:Percutaneous oxygen saturation (...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.09.069
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gender differences have been reported in patients with acute VTE treated with antithrombotic drugs. OBJECTIVE:To address the relationship between gender and new oral anticoagulants (NOACs), we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the incidence of recurrent VTE and major plus clinically relevant non-major b...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.086
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medial smooth muscle cell proliferation is frequently implicated as the major cause of coronary restenosis. Although antiproliferative agents have shown efficacy in animal studies, they are ineffective in human trials. To better understand these discrepancies, we performed a mathematical kinetic analysis of cellular p...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0167-5273(95)02499-9
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ACEI and AT1 receptor antagonists are the drugs most consistently shown to reduce ADMA level in humans. Unfortunately, most of the human studies addressing the effect of pharmacotherapy on ADMA metabolism were accomplished on small patient subgroups and were relatively shortlasting. Besides, L-arginine was rarely meas...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.11.109
更新日期:2010-06-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Meta-analyses have suggested that remote telemedical management (RTM) positively affects clinical outcomes in chronic HF patients. The results of two recent randomised RTM trials do not corroborate these results. We aim to report prospectively defined and exploratory subgroup analyses for the TIM-HF trial an...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.09.007
更新日期:2012-11-29 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the effect of intravenous pirenzepine (3 mg) in normal subjects (n=15, 43+/-16 years old) and in patients with chronic heart failure (n=15, 61+/-12 years old) to assess the effect of low-dose pirenzepine on vagal activity. R-R intervals and the standard deviations, low-frequency power (LF: ln ms2, 0.04-0.15...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0167-5273(98)00335-0
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exome sequencing is an established strategy to identify causal variants in families with two or more members affected by congenital heart disease (CHD). This unbiased approach, in which both rare and common variants are identified, makes it suitable to research complex, heterogeneous diseases such as CHD. M...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.024
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To determine the risk and predictors of progression of aortic regurgitation (AR) and other adverse events (AE) in adults with supracristal ventricular septal defect (VSD). METHODS:Retrospective observational study of 62 adults with supracristal VSD followed at the Mayo Clinic from 1994 to 2013. Freedom from...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.100
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Absence of the proximal segment of the right pulmonary artery was diagnosed by echocardiography in two neonates. In both a right-sided duct communicated with the right pulmonary artery at the hilum of the lung. Successful surgical repair was undertaken at seven months and 10 weeks, respectively ...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0167-5273(92)90190-e
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Anaemia and iron deficiency (ID) are important co-morbidities in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and both may lead to reduced exercise capacity. METHODS:We enrolled 331 out-patients with stable chronic HF (mean age: 64 ± 11 years, 17% female, left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 35 ± 13%, body...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.11.178
更新日期:2016-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Effective decongestion of heart failure patients predicts improved outcomes, but high dose loop diuretics (HDLD) used to achieve diuresis predict adverse outcomes. In the DOSE trial, randomization to a HDLD intensification strategy (HDLD-strategy) improved diuresis but not outcomes. Our objective was to dete...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.114
更新日期:2017-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of success of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) of chronic total occlusions (CTOs) remains relatively low. We determined the effect of preoperative multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) in PCIs of CTOs. METHODS:The study population was 100 consecutive patients...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.10.026
更新日期:2012-04-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exercise capacity following Fontan surgery is often depressed. An inability to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance appropriately during exercise may contribute to this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to determine whether administration of iloprost, a selective pulmonary vasodilator, would improve exer...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.03.014
更新日期:2013-10-03 00:00:00
abstract::Primary tumors of the heart are rare; primary cardiac fibrosarcoma is even rarer. We report a patient with primary cardiac fibrosarcoma widespread metastases presenting with pulmonary metastases initially. The cardiac lesion was identified by bone-imaging localization on bone scan, by hypodense areas in the cardiac ch...
journal_title:International journal of cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0167-5273(93)90028-f
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00