Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To compare propofol, methohexital, and midazolam administered as titrated infusions for sedation during electrical cardioversion. DESIGN:A prospective, randomized, single-blind comparative study. SETTING:Coronary care unit in a military teaching hospital. PATIENTS:Thirty adult patients with atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Each patient required electrical cardioversion. Patients were randomized to receive one of the three study drugs. Ten patients composed one drug group. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Demographic variables were similar between groups. Patients were randomized to receive propofol (10 mg/mL), methohexital (5 mg/mL), or midazolam (0.5 mg/mL) administered at 10 mL/min until the patients failed to follow verbal commands and demonstrated a degradation of the lid response to stimulation. Dose requirements (mean +/- SD) were propofol 1.69 +/- 0.46 mg/kg, methohexital 1.07 +/- 0.34 mg/kg, and midazolam 0.16 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. Hemodynamic assessment at baseline, after induction, after cardioversion, and at recovery demonstrated no difference in mean arterial pressure between the three groups. The time to awakening was significantly prolonged in the group that received midazolam (33 +/- 11 mins, p < .05) as compared with the times of the groups that received propofol (11 +/- 4 mins) and methohexital (9 +/- 3 min). Side-effects were similar between groups, with the exception of an increase in pain on injection with propofol and an increased frequency of confusion in those patients receiving midazolam. Recall of the electrical discharges at one hour after the procedure occurred in two patients in the propofol group. In both cases, there were technical problems which caused the duration of the procedure to extend into the anticipated recovery period. Unit dose costs at our institution for a 70-kg patient are: methohexitol, $3.14 (500-mg bottle); medazolam, $14.88 (5-mg vials x 3); and propofol, $6.60 (200-mg ampule). CONCLUSIONS:All three drugs are acceptable choices for use during elective direct-current cardioversion. Titration of the agent results in a total drug dose which is usually less than the typical induction dose. There were no significant differences in the hemodynamic actions of these drugs at any time interval. Both propofol and methohexital proved superior in their ability to provide a more rapid anesthetic onset and recovery as compared with midazolam. Propofol offers the advantage of requiring no premixing or dilution, and it is not a controlled substance, although it does result in more pain on injection.
journal_name
Crit Care Medjournal_title
Critical care medicineauthors
Gale DW,Grissom TE,Mirenda JVdoi
10.1097/00003246-199310000-00019subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-10-01 00:00:00pages
1509-13issue
10eissn
0090-3493issn
1530-0293journal_volume
21pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether current criteria for the diagnosis of brain death fulfill the requirement for the "irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brainstem." DATA SOURCES:Clinical, philosophical, legal, and public policy literature on the subject of brain death. DATA EXTRACTI...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00003246-199212000-00018
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intralipid elimination patterns were compared in 25 healthy controls, 12 patients recovering from uncomplicated cholecystectomy, and 25 critically ill patients. The intravenous fat tolerance test revealed a similar fractional removal rate (k2) in healthy controls and critically ill patients, but k2 was increased in ch...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-198605000-00009
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To correlate radiant warmer bed power output with state of hydration in the critically ill infant, warmer power input was measured by a wattmeter and recorded by an on-line computer every 5 sec for 2 periods of 8-24 h each in 11 newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (mean birth weight 1.42 kg, mean gestational a...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-198210000-00012
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It was found that, during 1974, it cost an average of $8842 ($12,909 in 1979) to care for a survivor of severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) who required mechanical ventilation in this ICU compared to $2448 ($3574 in 1979) for nonsurvivors. Death in 15 out of the 16 nonsurvivors was accompanied by grade III-IV i...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-198102000-00005
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A patient with brainstem infarction met the clinical criteria for brain death but had persistent EEG activity, complicating our decision to withdraw life support. We evaluated cerebral blood flow with xenon-enhanced computed tomography (Xe/CT), which documented the absence of posterior circulation flow and persistent,...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-198705000-00014
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) worsens the outcome of acute liver failure (ALF). This study investigates the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and evaluates the therapeutic effect of albumin dialysis in ALF with use of the Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System without hemofiltration/dialysi...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000196203.39832.3c
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Acute lung injury secondary to smoke inhalation is a major source of morbidity and mortality in burn patients. We tested the hypothesis that nebulized epinephrine would ameliorate pulmonary dysfunction secondary to acute lung injury by reducing airway hyperemia and edema formation and mediating bronchodilatat...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e318207ec52
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the effects of sustained, 3-day endotoxin infusion on early steps of the insulin-signaling pathway in rat liver and skeletal muscle in vivo; to examine insulin signaling in well-established acute endotoxin models of insulin resistance. DESIGN:Prospective, controlled animal study. SETTING:Unive...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-200104000-00032
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the internal consistency, validity, responsiveness, and minimal important difference of the Functional Status Score for the ICU, a physical function measure designed for the ICU. DESIGN:Clinimetric analysis. SETTINGS:Five international datasets from the United States, Australia, and Brazil. PA...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000001949
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Information booklets have not been assessed by the families of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. This study explored the information that the relatives of adult ICU patients wanted to find in the information booklets. DESIGN:Multicenter survey. SETTING:Twenty-three French ICUs. SUBJECTS:One close relativ...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a03063
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To characterize the rates of accidental removal of endotracheal tubes, nasogastric tubes, central venous catheters, and arterial catheters. To assess the efficacy of corrective measures aimed at reducing the accidental removal of these devices. DESIGN:Prospective, observational, and interventional study. S...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-200001000-00010
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the pathogenesis of sepsis, inflammation and coagulation play a pivotal role. Increasing evidence points to an extensive cross-talk between these two systems, whereby inflammation leads to activation of coagulation, and coagulation also considerably affects inflammatory activity. Molecular pathways that contribute ...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181c98d21
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The educational objectives in use in our Pediatric ICU are described. These have importance for educational programs in critical care medicine, in particular, where patient care needs can easily overwhelm educational needs. It is important not to overlook our role as teachers in the development of proper attitudes and...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-197705000-00008
更新日期:1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Vascular dysfunction plays a central role in sepsis, and it is characterized by hypotension and hyporesponsiveness to vasoconstrictors. Nitric oxide is regarded as a central element of sepsis vascular dysfunction. The high amounts of nitric oxide produced during sepsis are mainly derived from the inducible is...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000000301
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether blood lactate, base deficit, or oxygen-derived hemodynamic variables correlate with morbidity and mortality rates in a clinically-relevant LD50 model of penetrating trauma. DESIGN:Prospective, controlled study. SETTING:University research laboratory. SUBJECTS:Anesthetized, mechanically...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-199901000-00044
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether clinically relevant airspace concentrations of beta2-adrenergic agonists stimulated maximal alveolar fluid clearance rates and to determine whether beta2 agonist therapy decreased pulmonary edema in experimental acute lung injury. DESIGN:Prospective randomized laboratory investigation. ...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000129489.34416.0e
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, we determined that a colloid concentration of about 3% was optimal for resuscitation of lethal ischemic intestinal shock model in rats. Maximal volumes of lactated Ringer's solution (RL) alone only expanded plasma volume (PV) to 80% of preshock level, while increasing volumes of 3% albumin (ALB) in RL line...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-199001000-00014
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To perform a scoping literature review of cognitive, psychiatric, and quality of life outcomes in adults undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for any indication. DATA SOURCES:We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO from inception to June 2019. STUDY SELE...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000004488
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is characterized by the presence of intense vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation has been recognized as a critical regulatory element in signal transduction, because it is dynamically regulated by the opposing actions of pr...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00003246-200106000-00030
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Comparison of two versions of bispectral index (BIS) derived from the electroencephalogram in mechanically ventilated and continuously sedated patients after major abdominal surgery. DESIGN:Prospective, cohort, observational, unblinded study. SETTING:Surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital. P...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000156291.04287.7f
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high rate of death from septic shock persists despite general improvements in care. The relative failure of mechanistically based therapies in various clinical trials should also trigger a reconsideration of such mechanistic approaches. Despite reversion of shock by hydrocortisone, the similar death rate compared wi...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181f23dc4
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To measure exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and compare it with lung function after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in adult patients. Pulmonary dysfunction is sometimes observed after CPB. Impaired production of NO may account for this dysfunction. DESIGN:Prospective, single-center, observational study. SETTING:Univ...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-200012000-00012
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review published studies of the influence of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and other cationic proteins on the generation of activated protein C (APC) by the thrombomodulin-protein C system. DATA SOURCE:Using the PubMed citation index, literature published from 1973 to 2003 regarding cationic proteins, PF4, and ...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000126359.92825.e9
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Chronic diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known cause of multisystem injury. The effect of DM in acute critical illness may also be detrimental, but is not specifically known. We hypothesized that the preexisting diagnosis of DM is an independent risk factor for mortality in critically ill patients. DESIGN:Paralle...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181b9eaa5
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Because of their beneficial effects in patients with hemorrhagic shock and multiple-system trauma, hypertonic saline solutions are increasingly being used perioperatively for volume resuscitation. Although the anti-edema effects of hypertonic saline on brain are well documented in a variety of brain injury pa...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000253309.44567.A6
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between nitric oxide production, endotoxemia, and hemodynamic alterations in human septic shock. DESIGN:Prospective study. SETTING:A 32-bed intensive care unit in a university referral hospital. PATIENTS:Two groups of septic patients with shock (n = 13) or without shock (n =...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-199502000-00009
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Glycemic control is increasingly being recognized as a priority in the treatment of critically ill patients. Titration and monitoring of insulin infusions involve frequent blood glucose measurement to achieve target glucose ranges and prevent adverse events related to hypoglycemia. Therefore, it is imperativ...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000189939.10881.60
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A difference between potassium concentrations in arterial plasma and venous serum was evaluated. The difference was 0.5 mM/litre, with a range of 0.1 to 1.1 mM/liter. Multiple factors operating primarily upon the venous sample are responsible for this difference. The value for arterial plasma potassium is stable and p...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-197809000-00008
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::These guidelines were developed to provide a reference for preparing policies on admission and discharge for pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). They represent a consensus opinion of physicians, nurses, and allied health care professionals. By using this document as a framework for developing multidisciplinary adm...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 指南,杂志文章,实务指引
doi:
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To test the hypothesis that the lectin-like domain of tumor necrosis factor, mimicked by the TIP peptide, can improve lung function after unilateral orthotopic lung isotransplantation. Because of a lack of a specific treatment for ischemia reperfusion-mediated lung injury, accompanied by a disrupted barrier i...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181cdf725
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00