Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:This article analyzes, from a legal perspective, a recent phenomenon involving a clash between the values of attending medical personnel and the instructions of surrogate decision-makers acting on behalf of incompetent patients. Some hospitals have gone to court to challenge decisions by surrogates to continue life support for permanently unconscious or other gravely debilitated patients. Their claim has been that continuation of life support would be medically inappropriate and that the surrogates' decisions ought to be overridden. These petitions have thus far been rejected. The objective here is to explain those decisions and to predict the outcome of future, similar litigation. DATA SOURCES:The primary data are the judicial decisions and legislation accumulated since the Quinlan case in 1976, regarding the medical handling of dying medical patients. CONCLUSIONS:Judicial rejection of healthcare providers' claims in the decided cases is explainable under traditional guardianship principles. The explanation lies in surrogates' authority to make decisions in the best interests of incompetent patients, and in judicial reluctance to brand life preservation of nonsuffering patients as abusive or contrary to patient interests. At the same time, the author anticipates a change in judicial posture, as courts acknowledge the widespread antipathy of people toward being indefinitely preserved in a noncognitive status. Because the judicial approach to the handling of dying persons often seeks to replicate what the patient would have wanted, there is room to consider consensus preferences where the particular patients has never indicated any deviation from those preferences. Courts will eventually override surrogate decisions that do not conform to widely shared preferences for avoiding the indignity of permanent unconsciousness or other gravely debilitated states.
journal_name
Crit Care Medjournal_title
Critical care medicineauthors
Cantor NLdoi
10.1097/00003246-199605000-00026subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-05-01 00:00:00pages
883-7issue
5eissn
0090-3493issn
1530-0293journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:To define a biomarker panel to predict organ dysfunction, shock, and in-hospital mortality in emergency department (ED) patients with suspected sepsis. DESIGN:Prospective observational study. SETTING:EDs of ten academic medical centers. PATIENTS:There were 971 patients enrolled. INCLUSION CRITERIA:1) ED p...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e318192fd9d
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the specific effect of peak volume history pressure on the inflation limb of the pressure-volume curve and peak pressure-volume curve pressure on the deflation limb of the pressure-volume curve. DESIGN:Prospective assessment of pressure-volume curves in saline, lung lavage injured sheep. SETTIN...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000128573.28173.2e
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To review the reports of prolonged neuromuscular blockade secondary to vecuronium and atracurium administration. To propose mechanisms for prolonged blockade, as well as methods to avoid prolonged blockade. DATA SOURCES:A literature search was conducted of articles published from 1980 to 1993. Articles pert...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00003246-199405000-00028
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The demand for intensive care beds far exceeds their availability in many European countries. Consequently, many critically ill patients occupy hospital beds outside intensive care units, throughout the hospital. The outcome of patients who fit intensive care unit admission criteria but are hospitalized in re...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000133021.22188.35
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The acute respiratory distress syndrome may complicate postpartum hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, but its mechanisms are not yet well defined. We studied the lung inflammatory response to postpartum hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in a rabbit model and the role of the nuclear factor-κB pathway. DESI...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182451c17
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical impressions about the problem of defibrillation during states of acid-base imbalance and hypoxia have been influenced by studies involving the effect of these derangements on the ventricular fibrillation threshold. Based on body weight, energy requirements for defibrillation in normal dogs were compared to re...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-197507000-00003
更新日期:1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess protective and risk factors for mortality among pediatric patients during initial care after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and to evaluate changes in hospital mortality. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort using the 1997, 2000, and 2003 Kids Inpatient Database, a probabilistic sample of ch...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0B013E318161FAC1
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Swallowing disorders may be associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients following invasive mechanical ventilation. We investigated the incidence of dysphagia, its time course, and association with clinically relevant outcomes in extubated critically ill patients. DESIGN:Prospective observational t...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002765
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluates the recall of 100 patients after ICU admission. There was a wide spectrum of race, religion, occupation, and educational levels. The more common diagnoses included asthma, pneumonia, trauma, and adult respiratory distress syndrome. The average Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-199009000-00012
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A meta-analysis was performed of 15 randomized studies on the prophylaxis with cimetidine and/or ant-acids of upper GI bleeding acquired in the ICU. There were eight comparisons of a group receiving cimetidine with a control group, nine comparisons of a group receiving antacids with a control group, and ten comparison...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-198909000-00003
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Nitric oxide regulates epithelial permeability and other properties of the intestinal mucosal barrier. It previously has been shown in animals that intestinal mucosal nitric oxide production is impaired during gut hypoperfusion. The study was performed to confirm the presence of intestinal mucosal nitric oxid...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000080489.67211.1F
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To measure total serum nitrite and nitrate concentrations in children with the sepsis syndrome as an indicator of endogenous nitric oxide production. To determine if there is an association between total serum nitrite and nitrate concentrations and vascular responsiveness to norepinephrine. DESIGN:A prospec...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-199505000-00010
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac arrest has a poor prognosis, regardless of age group. Children who fail to respond to two standard doses of epinephrine (0.01 mg/kg) rarely survive to hospital discharge, and most die without the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We treated seven consecutive children in cardiac arrest with high dose ep...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-198912000-00004
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of an updated version of the nasal "bridle," which is used to prevent the accidental removal of small-bore nasoenteric feeding tubes. DESIGN:A descriptive study. SETTING:Surgical intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS:Twenty-six critically ill patie...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-199603000-00011
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the impact of a comprehensive unit-based safety program on safety climate in a large cohort of intensive care units participating in the Keystone intensive care unit project. DESIGN/SETTING:A prospective cohort collaborative study to improve quality of care and safety culture by implementing and...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e318206d26c
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the association between symptomatic central venous line-related deep venous thrombosis and a mortality-adjusted measure of duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill children with central venous lines. DESIGN:Retrospective matched cohort study. SETTING:Eleven pediatric intensive care ...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31820eb8a1
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe a case of hepatic subcapsular hematoma causing an acute Budd-Chiari-like syndrome, leading to hepatic compartment syndrome, which combines compression of intrahepatic vessels on CT, acute liver failure, and refractory shock. DESIGN:Case report. SETTING:Surgical ICU of a university teaching hospi...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000001403
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::offstudied hemodynamic and renal effects of increasing the dosage of dopamine (DP) by 5 micrograms/kg X min, in 7 patients with peritonitis and clinical findings of septic shock, all of whom were already receiving variable dosages of DP. Stroke index (SI) (p less than .01), except in 3 cases, and mean arterial pressur...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-198401000-00006
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Light chains κ and λ are immunoglobulin constituents but also circulate independently in blood as free light chains. We investigated whether a concomitant abnormality in free light chain and immunoglobulin levels could identify a high risk of death sepsis subpopulation to inform future IV immunoglobulin tria...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002627
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hypertonic saline is the recommended therapy to shrink swollen brain cells in patients with acute hyponatremia accompanied by seizures. OBJECTIVES:In the absence of hypertonic saline, hypertonic mannitol will shrink the cell volume. Because mannitol is excreted rapidly, our aim was to ensure that it would b...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-200006000-00037
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prolonged artificial ventilation may result in worsening gas exchange and pulmonary compliance in patients with otherwise normal lungs. Prolonged hyperinflations to 40 cm H2O can completely reverse deterioration of gas exchange and compliance in such patients. Similar efforts have effectively recruited atelectatic lun...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-198712000-00001
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the frequency of unsuspected posterior vessel wall penetration of the internal jugular vein during ultrasound-guided needle cannulation. DESIGN:Prospective, single-blinded observational study. SETTING:Urban level I emergency department with an annual census of 80,000. PATIENTS:Residents who ha...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a067d4
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is used to stabilize severe cardiocirculatory and/or respiratory failure. However, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is associated with a coagulopathy characterized by thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications. This study aimed to characterize the pathomechanism of th...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000004286
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-risk patients who survived general (noncardiac) surgery were observed to have cardiac index (CI) values averaging 4.5 L/min.m2, oxygen delivery (DO2) greater than 600 ml/min.m2, and oxygen consumption (VO2) 170 ml/min.m2 during the first 2 or three days postoperatively. Patients who subsequently died maintained r...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Evaluations of plasma leptin and ghrelin levels and their relations with circulating levels of proinflammatory mediators, stress hormones, and biochemical markers of hepatorenal injury during experimental endotoxemia in dogs. SETTING:Uludag University. DESIGN:Placebo-controlled animal study. ANIMALS:Adult ...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0B013E3181611F5AA
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial translocation and ileal and cecal injury have been shown to occur 24 h after limited periods of hemorrhagic shock. The present studies were performed to determine the temporal sequence of mucosal injury, permeability, and bacterial translocation after hemorrhagic shock. The results indicated that bacterial t...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-199005000-00014
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN:To review and discuss selected literature, expert opinion, and conventional care of the hyperglycemic perioperative or critically ill patient. MAIN POINTS:Diabetes mellitus, the most commonly encountered perioperative endocrinopathy, continues to increase dramatically in prevalence. Diabetes is th...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000115623.52021.c0
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the prevalence of cardiac injury and its association with mortality in hospitalized patients infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study. SETTING:A total of 133 hospitals in 17 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of mainland China that admitted ...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000004207
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Healthcare systems spend considerable resources collecting and processing blood cultures for the detection of blood stream pathogens. The process is initiated with the collection of blood cultures that depend upon proper skin disinfection, collection of an adequate number of specimens and volume of blood, and prompt p...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e318270e771
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Chronic subdural hematoma is a commonly encountered disease in neurosurgic practice, whereas its increasing prevalence is compatible with the ageing population. Recommendations concerning postoperative thrombosis prophylaxis after burr-hole drainage of chronic subdural hematoma are lacking. The aim of this s...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002804
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00