Abstract:
:I discuss how different feeding modes and related cellular structures map onto the eukaryote evolutionary tree. Centrally important for understanding eukaryotic cell diversity are Loukozoa: ancestrally biciliate phagotrophic protozoa possessing a posterior cilium and ventral feeding groove into which ciliary currents direct prey. I revise their classification by including all anaerobic Metamonada as a subphylum and adding Tsukubamonas. Loukozoa, often with ciliary vanes, are probably ancestral to all protozoan phyla except Euglenozoa and Percolozoa and indirectly to kingdoms Animalia, Fungi, Plantae, and Chromista. I make a new protozoan phylum Sulcozoa comprising subphyla Apusozoa (Apusomonadida, Breviatea) and Varisulca (Diphyllatea; Planomonadida, Discocelida, Mantamonadida; Rigifilida). Understanding sulcozoan evolution clarifies the origins from them of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, Choanozoa) and Amoebozoa, and their evolutionary novelties; Sulcozoa and their descendants (collectively called podiates) arguably arose from Loukozoa by evolving posterior ciliary gliding and pseudopodia in their ventral groove. I explain subsequent independent cytoskeletal modifications, accompanying further shifts in feeding mode, that generated Amoebozoa, Choanozoa, and fungi. I revise classifications of Choanozoa, Conosa (Amoebozoa), and basal fungal phylum Archemycota. I use Choanozoa, Sulcozoa, Loukozoa, and Archemycota to emphasize the need for simply classifying ancestral (paraphyletic) groups and illustrate advantages of this for understanding step-wise phylogenetic advances.
journal_name
Eur J Protistoljournal_title
European journal of protistologyauthors
Cavalier-Smith Tdoi
10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-05-01 00:00:00pages
115-78issue
2eissn
0932-4739issn
1618-0429pii
S0932-4739(12)00050-8journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Difflugia is a morphologically diverse genus of testate amoebae, which are common components of freshwater ecosystems. We observed a new morphotype similar to Difflugia tuberspinifera but without spine in four Xiamen reservoirs, Fujian Province, southeast China. We investigated its morphology and biometry using light ...
journal_title:European journal of protistology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2013.12.003
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2015.12.003
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2009.11.001
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of protistology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2018.07.003
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00