Abstract:
:Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), developed a century ago, is the only licensed tuberculosis (TB) vaccine in use to date. The protective efficacy of BCG against TB varies with no apparent protection in some population, and mechanisms of its immune protection is poorly known, and yet BCG is the most widely used vaccine, with more than 4 billion BCG-vaccinated children globally. BCG is probably the only licensed vaccine currently in use believed to mediate immune protection through the production of interferon (IFN)-γ by CD4 T cells, which in turn activates macrophages to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Currently, a number of new TB candidate vaccines are in different phases of clinical trial. The majority of these new vaccines are either recombinant forms of BCG or prime boosters of BCG (rBCG) and their immunogenicity is tested using BCG as a benchmark by measuring specific IFN-γ produced by CD4(+) T cells as a protective immune marker. However, some recent studies that examined mechanisms of immune protection of BCG in animals and humans have reported a lack of correlation between IFN-γ production by CD4 cells and BCG-induced immune protection. These studies point to the fact that there is a missing link in our understanding of TB immunology. Conversely, there is emerging evidence that other T cell subsets (gammadelta, γδ), CD8(+) T cells and natural killer (NK) cells may play a vital role in immune protection against Mtb infection and BCG-induced immune protection. γδ T cells and NK cells, which were considered to be part of the innate immunity in the past, have been shown to develop immunological memory upon re-encounter with the same pathogen. In this paper, the controversy over the role of IFN-γ as a marker for protective immunity against TB, and emerging data on the role of γδ T cells, CD8(+) and NK cells in TB immunology, will be presented.
journal_name
Clin Exp Immunoljournal_title
Clinical and experimental immunologyauthors
Abebe Fdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04614.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-09-01 00:00:00pages
213-9issue
3eissn
0009-9104issn
1365-2249journal_volume
169pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::We have previously used the antibody-mediated binding of bacteria to identify Ig-bearing cells and the natural binding of bacteria to identify several lymphocyte subpopulations. By using bacteria this identification can be carried out in conventional blood smears since bacteria are small and easily distinguished from ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from thirty-one patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) were analysed for the proportions and absolute numbers of total T cells, and for the T cell subpopulations carrying Fc receptors for either IgM (Tmu cells) or IgG (T gamma cells). Twenty...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A hybridoma (FMC4) has been derived which secretes antibody showing selective reaction with human B lymphocytes, monocytes and some null lymphocytes. Few, if any, T lymphocytes in normal blood are stained, although stimulation of lymphocytes with PHA leads to an increase in the proportion of cells reacting with the hy...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expression and the functional role of the CD26 (1F7) T cell surface molecule, an ectoenzyme which seems to represent a functional collagen receptor of T lymphocytes and to have a role in T cell activation, were analysed in both peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) T cell samples from patients with active ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06134.x
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our previous work indicated that exercise stress in mice was associated with reduced splenic lymphocyte proliferation to T cell mitogens. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute exercise stress and exercise training on the phenotype distribution of murine lymphocytes in the spleen, lymph nodes a...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum specimens from 66 HIV-1-infected subjects were tested by ELISA for the presence of IgA antibodies to HIV-1: 44 samples were found positive and 37 were confirmed by immunoblot. In these subjects, the presence of anti-HIV IgA antibodies was studied in relation to the total count of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes and...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05889.x
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amino acid residues involved in the peptide binding groove of HLA-DRB1 alleles were examined in three Nigerian ethnic groups with leprosy (n = 287) and 170 controls to determine the role of DRB1 alleles in disease outcome with Mycobacterium leprae. Nine positively charged motifs and two others with neutral charge to t...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.01034.x
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of NK T cells was measured in relation to the Th1/Th2 imbalance observed in RA. Peripheral blood samples of patients with RA (n = 60) and healthy controls (n = 36) were stained with anti-NK receptor 1A (anti-NKR-P1A), anti-CD56, and anti-CD3 MoAbs, and examined by three-colour flow cytometry. NK T (NKR-P1A+...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.01018.x
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::CSF-1 plays an important role in female reproduction and normal embryo development. To understand further CSF-1 function in normal and, especially, in compromised pregnancy, we studied the pattern of its mRNA expression as well as expression of its receptor (c-fms) in the uteroplacental units of mice with induced (cyc...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00986.x
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activin A not only stimulates the synthesis and release of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone, but exerts various effects on haematopoietic cells, embryos, and fibroblasts. In the present study we have examined effects of activin A on IgE synthesis and cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb06003.x
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have reduced numbers and frequencies of dendritic cells (DCs) in blood, and there is also evidence for defective activation through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Collectively, these observations may point to a primary defect in the generation of functional DCs. Here,...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cei.12239
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to determine whether or not IFN-gammaR is associated with regulatory mechanisms on human eosinophil function, we examined the expression of functional IFN-gammaR on human peripheral eosinophils. In this study, peripheral blood eosinophils were obtained from seven normal controls and 12 patients (bronchial ast...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.1997.4511469.x
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fractalkine (FKN/CX3CL1) has been detected in synovial fluids from osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Additionally, low-level expression of the FKN receptor, CX3CR1, has been demonstrated in OA synovial lining. This study aimed to determine a biological function for this ligand/receptor pair in OA and to assess a potential...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03903.x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anaphylaxis denotes an immediate hypersensitivity reaction to allergen, exclusively mediated by IgE antibodies. However, IgE antibodies do not explain all the syndromes that are encountered. We investigated potent IgG-mediated anaphylaxis in CD40-deficient mice that lack the immunoglobulin class switching for T cell-d...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00717.x
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We found that IgA is predominant among the immune deposits in the renal glomeruli of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni, and thus conducted an analysis of the deposition of different immunoglobulin isotypes in the glomeruli throughout the course of infection in mice. Both immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase met...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major goal in organ transplantation has been to safely exploit the natural processes of immune tolerance in order to minimize the dose and duration of drug immunosuppression. In this commentary, I argue that we can learn from how tumours avoid rejection, to evolve a three-stage tolerance-inducing strategy for transp...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cei.12933
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by a focal periductal salivary gland infiltrate consisting mainly of T and B lymphocytes. Most of the T cells bear the memory CD4+ Th1-like phenotype and express high levels of class II, though CD8+ cells are also present. We have studied 17 labial salivary gland and 15 periphe...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-623.x
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neopterin is primarily synthesized and released by activated macrophages/monocytes upon stimulation with interferon-γ and is considered as a marker for macrophage activation. This study aimed to analyze the serum levels of neopterin in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) in association with clinical manifestations, lab...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cei.13404
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Graves' disease (GD) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against the TSH-receptor (TSH-R) which are pathogenic and, upon binding to the receptor, trigger intracellular signal transduction. The autoantibodies are oligoclonal and as they are responsible for disease activity, their characterization would l...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.01042.x
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans immunized intramuscularly with one dose of tetanus toxoid exhibited IgG, and in some cases IgA antibody, in their bile as well as serum. Both isotypes appeared in bile transiently with titres declining after about day 10 for both classes. These kinetics resembled those of the serum IgA response but were markedl...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Costimulation of T lymphocytes by the leucocyte surface molecules CD80 and CD86 expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APC) is required for the development of T cell responses. The CD28 and CTLA-4 molecules on T cells serve as receptors for the CD80 and CD86 costimulatory antigens. We have examined the frequency of ex...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01105.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) against proteinase 3 (PR3) are strongly associated with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and are thought to be involved in its pathogenesis. Levels of PR3-ANCA do not always correspond to clinical disease activity. To investigate the relationship between functional effects of...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01926.x
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method for the isolation of complement-fixing immune complexes from human serum and the separation of antigen from antibody is described. In order to isolate the complexes, we used soluble bovine conglutinin in a three-step procedure: (1) serum containing immune complexes is reacted with conglutinin in the presence ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protection against intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium leprae is critically dependent on the function of NK cells at early stages of the immune response and on Th1 cells at later stages. In the present report we evaluated the role of IL-18 and IL-13, two cytokines that can influence NK cell activity, in the ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02334.x
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibody penetration of viable cells and interaction with intracellular antigens may have major consequences for immunopathological processes in connective tissue diseases. We have reported previously that antibody can penetrate viable human lymphocytes. To assess further the role of antinuclear antibodies in this pro...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1991.tb08128.x
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relation between the duration of bacterial infection and circulating immune complexes (CIC) level was evaluated using the C1q binding assay in a group of patients with well defined clinical sepsis. Fifty-four patients with endocarditis and 35 with post-open heart surgery mediastinitis were prospectively studied ov...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple and efficient method of extracting complement-fixing immune complexes (IC) from whole serum and recovering them has been developed. 125I-labelled, in vitro prepared IC in whole serum were incubated with Sepharose 4B covalently linked to monoclonal anti-C3g or anti-C1q and the binding and recovery of IC was mo...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tolerance to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constitutes a stress adaptation, in which a primary contact with LPS results in a minimal response when a second exposure with the same stimulus occurs. However, active important defence mechanisms are mounted during the tolerant state. Our aim was to assess the contribution of po...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04560.x
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The production of anti-tetanus toxoid (TT) antibody and anti-anti-TT (auto-anti-Id) antibody has been measured in three young and three old persons. Both antibodies were measured using ELISA. We found that: (i) the anti-TT response of old subjects was lower than that of young subjects, (ii) serum auto-anti-Id antibody...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05965.x
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rabbit-passaged L strain of rinderpest virus (RV) causes the transient induction of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) in rabbits. It has been shown by an indirect immunofluorescence test that the target antigens of these ANA are DNA and/or DNA-histone complexes (nucleohistone). Here detailed examinations of the target...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1990.tb05483.x
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00