Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of smokeless tobacco use.

abstract：BACKGROUND:No head-to-head clinical trials have been published comparing guanfacine extended release (GXR) and atomoxetine (ATX): two nonstimulants approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, other study designs or methods could be used to indirectly compare these two medicat...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Sikirica V,Findling RL,Signorovitch J,Erder MH,Dammerman R,Hodgkins P,Lu M,Xie J,Wu EQ

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in several plants. Despite its initial use as a pharmacologically inactive emulsifier in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries, several biological activities have been reported for this compound so far, including anti-tumoural, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective and...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Ramos-Hryb AB,Pazini FL,Kaster MP,Rodrigues ALS

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is considered to be the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and loss of GABA inhibition has been clearly implicated in epileptogenesis. GABA interacts with 3 types of receptor: GABAA, GABAB and GABAC. The GABAA receptor has provided an excellent target for the development of d...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Czuczwar SJ,Patsalos PN

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is pathologically characterized by inflammatory demyelination and neurodegeneration. Axonal damage, along with neuronal loss, occurs from disease onset and may lead to progressive and permanent disability. In contrast with the inflam...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Maghzi AH,Minagar A,Waubant E

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, several new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been licensed: felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin and zonisamide. These drugs have proven efficacy as add-on therapy in patients with difficult-to-treat partial epilepsy, as 20-50% of patients ...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Deckers CL,Knoester PD,de Haan GJ,Keyser A,Renier WO,Hekster YA

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oral blonanserin (Lonasen) is an atypical antipsychotic agent indicated for use in patients with schizophrenia in Japan and Korea. It is effective in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, providing short- and long-term efficacy against both the positive and negative symptoms of the disorder in several randomiz...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Deeks ED,Keating GM

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) presents major challenges for both patients and clinicians. There is no universally accepted definition of TRD, but results from the US National Institute of Mental Health's (NIMH) STAR*D (Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression) programme indicate that after the fai...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Shelton RC,Osuntokun O,Heinloth AN,Corya SA

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Cognitive impairment is prevalent and debilitating among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). While many pharmacologic treatments have shown good efficacy in reducing clinical relapses, brain lesions, and improving certain physical symptoms, their efficacy for improving cognitive function is not well unde...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Chen MH,Goverover Y,Genova HM,DeLuca J

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with a picture of the mechanisms by which: histamine and histaminergic agonists act on the vestibular system both peripherally and centrally; and histaminergic agonists and antagonists interfere with the recovery process after peripheral vestibular lesion. We have focuse...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Lacour M,Sterkers O

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Down syndrome (DS), which results from an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21), is the most common genetically defined cause of intellectual disability. Although no pharmacotherapy aimed at counteracting the cognitive and adaptive deficits associated with this genetic disorder has been approved at present, there h...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Costa AC,Scott-McKean JJ

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2 are central disorders of hypersomnolence. Narcolepsy type 1 is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy and is associated with hypocretin-1 deficiency. On the other hand, in narcolepsy type 2, cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 levels are normal and cataplexy ab...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Barateau L,Lopez R,Dauvilliers Y

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of news items and case reports describing complex behaviours (e.g. sleep driving, sleep cooking, sleep eating, sleep conversations, sleep sex) associated with the use of hypnosedative medications have recently received considerable attention. Regulatory agencies examining these reports have subsequently issue...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Dolder CR,Nelson MH

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Several small studies have shown beneficial effects of ondansetron, a serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist, in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The efficacy of other 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists in patients with OCD is still unclear. Granisetron does not alter cytochrome P450 activity a...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Askari N,Moin M,Sanati M,Tajdini M,Hosseini SM,Modabbernia A,Najand B,Salimi S,Tabrizi M,Ashrafi M,Hajiaghaee R,Akhondzadeh S

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The common strategy to treat a migraine attack as soon as it begins, made for classical acute antimigraine treatments such as ergotamine and analgesics, has not been transposed to the triptans. The recommendation to delay triptan intake until headache intensity is at least moderate is merely a habit generated by the p...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Schoenen J

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Valproic acid is a versatile antiepileptic drug that is often used in the acute care setting. Intravenous valproic acid lends itself well to a continuous infusion as it exhibits a relatively short half-life. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of continuous infusion valproic acid in hos...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Cook AM,Zafar MS,Mathias S,Stewart AM,Albuja AC,Bensalem-Owen M,Kapoor S,Baumann RJ

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There have been significant developments in the understanding of depression in children and adolescents in the past few years, including an increased recognition that significant depressive illness occurs in this patient group. Pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments are used to manage depression in children ...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Varley CK

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Haemorrheological parameters and endothelial function are known to be altered in vascular diseases, including stroke. Treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ('statins') improves cerebrovascular (and cardiovascular) morbidity and mortality in patients with atherosclerosis; the beneficial ...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Szapary L,Horvath B,Marton Z,Alexy T,Kesmarky G,Habon T,Szots M,Koltai K,Juricskay I,Czopf J,Toth K

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For nearly 50 years, antidepressant drugs have been the first-line treatment for various forms of depression. Despite their widespread use, these medications have significant shortcomings, in particular problems of patient compliance due to adverse effects. The introduction of new formulations of existing antidepressa...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Norman TR,Olver JS

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:When otherwise unexplained, syncope in patients with Alzheimer's disease may be attributed to bradycardia caused by cholinesterase inhibitors. We studied prospectively the clinical events and cardiovascular changes occurring during treatment with donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS:Conse...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Bordier P,Garrigue S,Lanusse S,Margaine J,Robert F,Gencel L,Lafitte A

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease in those with schizophrenia is the largest lifespan disparity in the US and is growing; adults in the US with schizophrenia die, on average, 28 years earlier than those in the general population. The rate of smoking prevalence among individuals with schizophrenia is es...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Cather C,Pachas GN,Cieslak KM,Evins AE

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dravet syndrome (DS) is a medically refractory epilepsy that onsets in the first year of life with prolonged seizures, often triggered by fever. Over time, patients develop other seizure types (myoclonic, atypical absences, drops), intellectual disability, crouch gait and other co-morbidities (sleep problems, autonomi...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Knupp KG,Wirrell EC

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There are few data about the cost effectiveness of prophylactic medications for migraine. Clinical trials have shown several preventive agents to be useful in reducing the frequency of migraine attack while having tolerable side effects. OBJECTIVE:To compare the cost effectiveness of adding preventive treat...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Yu J,Smith KJ,Brixner DI

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much work has been carried out in recent years showing that elevated glutamate levels in the extracellular environment of the central nervous system play a pivotal role in neurodegeneration in acute CNS injuries. With the elucidation of the mechanism governing glutamate excitotoxicity, researchers are devising therape...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Jia M,Njapo SA,Rastogi V,Hedna VS

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cenobamate is a novel tetrazole-derived carbamate compound with a dual mechanism of action. This drug can enhance the inactivated state of voltage-gated sodium channels, preferentially inhibiting the persistent component of the sodium channel current, and acts as a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA rece...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Lattanzi S,Trinka E,Zaccara G,Striano P,Del Giovane C,Silvestrini M,Brigo F

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 gene are commonly found in human glioma, with the majority of low-grade gliomas harboring a recurrent point mutation (IDH1 R132H). Mutant IDH reveals an altered enzymatic activity leading to the synthesis of 2-hydroxyglutarate, which has been implicated in epigenetic m...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Karpel-Massler G,Nguyen TTT,Shang E,Siegelin MD

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Progress in finding a better alternative to alteplase has been slow. Tenecteplase and desmoteplase have better pharmacological profiles compared with alteplase, but definite clinical evidence of their superiority is lacking. The two major phase III studies that have tested the efficacy and safety of desmoteplase in is...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Logallo N,Kvistad CE,Nacu A,Thomassen L

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Once considered rare and resistant to treatment, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has now emerged as a common, yet often unrecognized, psychiatric condition. Treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is effective in 40-60% of patients with OCD. Management of the remaining 40-60% of patients wit...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Abudy A,Juven-Wetzler A,Zohar J

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At the beginning of the AIDS pandemic, affective disorders (such as depressed mood) were seen in a considerable number of HIV-1-infected individuals. These disorders were a result of the poor physical condition of the patients, brain involvement by the virus (e.g. encephalopathy) or a reaction to disadvantageous livin...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Arendt G

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is the most frequently occurring neurobiological disorder in childhood and is defined by symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity that are excessive when compared with other individuals at the same developmental level. ADHD can be successfully trea...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Childress AC,Sallee FR

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), used as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of HIV and AIDS, disrupt neuronal mitochondrial DNA synthesis, resulting in antiretroviral toxic neuropathy (ATN). Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) enhances neurotrophic support of sensory neuro...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Youle M

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00