Abstract:
:Lactation is an energy demanding phase in the reproductive cycle of female mammals. For this reason, several studies have assessed the effects of lactation on female behavior. In this study we examine the influence of lactation on the time-budgets and foraging patterns of female black howlers (Alouatta pigra) in Campeche, Mexico. We observed 32 adult females and 35 infants belonging to 14 groups of black howlers for a total of 2,224 focal hours. We found that lactating females spent more time being inactive and feeding from fruits than nonlactating females. In addition, during the first two-thirds of lactation females were more active (i.e., rested less, fed more, devoted more time to social activities, and moved more) and foraged more intensively (i.e., ranged over larger distances, used more feeding trees and feeding species, and consumed more leaves) than females in the last third of lactation. Lactation seems to force black howler females to reduce activity and to maximize the intake of high-quality foods, with inactivity being the highest during late lactation, when females probably face the cumulative effects of nursing older infants and of a new pregnancy. Early lactation is probably the most energetically demanding stage of lactation for black howler females. This study demonstrates that despite being energetically constrained by a highly folivorous diet, reproductive state affects several dimensions of the behavior of black howler females. Therefore, variation in time-budgets and foraging strategies of howlers has been probably underestimated by previous research that has not considered physiological differences among individuals.
journal_name
Am J Phys Anthropoljournal_title
American journal of physical anthropologyauthors
Dias PA,Rangel-Negrín A,Canales-Espinosa Ddoi
10.1002/ajpa.21481subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-05-01 00:00:00pages
137-46issue
1eissn
0002-9483issn
1096-8644journal_volume
145pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The robustness index (RI) is determined by multiplying dental mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters, and is used to estimate occlusal area. However, because teeth are not rectangular its calculation consistently causes overestimations. Moreover, teeth, in particular molars, are not identically shaped so overestimatio...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21511
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The present study tests the effectiveness of entheseal robusticity (ER) as a potential predictor of adult age-at-death by applying multiple regression models to a large contemporary identified skeletal sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS:ER was recorded for 23 bilateral postcranial entheses on 481 adult individua...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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doi:10.1002/ajpa.24083
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330780110
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several investigators have questioned the significance of handedness as an explanation of directional forelimb asymmetries, yet little has been done to isolate other explanatory factors. In this investigation, we analyze 61 female and 76 male rhesus macaque skeletons for evidence of age- and/or sex-associated variatio...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330830210
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphological measurements were collected from 12 wild and 12 captive mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona) on the Caribbean island of Grenada. Mona monkeys were introduced to Grenada from Africa approximately 200 to 300 years ago during the slave trade era. Wild monkeys were captured using either 1) a baited treadle-door...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199804)105:4<481::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic data consisting of 14 red cell antigen groups and 11 serum and erythrocytic protein marker systems from four Eskimo populations of the Norton Sound area of Alaska are reported. The population structure of these four groups in analyzed both separately and within the larger context by comparison to 15 other circ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330550204
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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doi:10.1002/ajpa.22774
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Differences in dental caries prevalence between males and females is considered a reflection of diet. However, recent syntheses argue that sex-specific variation in dental caries prevalence also reflects changes in the oral cavity attributable to variation in reproductive life histories. This study explores ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.24034
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23861
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We documented the spacing and distribution of perikymata on the buccal enamel surface of fossil hominin anterior teeth with reference to a sample of modern human and modern great ape teeth. A sample of 27 anterior teeth attributed to Australopithecus (5 to A. afarensis, 22 to A. africanus) and of 33 attributed to Para...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1116
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330720303
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene and haplotype frequencies for HLA-A and HLA-B antigens were determined in Milwaukee blood donors of German and Polish descent. Gene frequencies for A25 and B18 were significantly higher in Poles than in Germans. Significant gametic associations were noted for A1-B8, A29-B12 and AW30-B13 in both populations. Gamet...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330500103
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The methods used to study human growth and development (auxology) have not previously been applied within the setting of hominin maturation (ontogeny). Ontogeny is defined here as the pattern of biological change into an adult form, both at the individual and species level. The hominin fossil record has a lack of reco...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.24088
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of living primates feed part-year on seemingly hard food objects as a fallback. We ask here how hardness can be quantified and how this can help understand primate feeding ecology. We report a simple indentation methodology for quantifying hardness, elastic modulus, and toughness in the sense that materials s...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21026
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two sequences of nucleotides are homologous if they are descended through a chain of replication from a common precursor molecule. Since organs are not copies or transcriptions of organs, the concept of morphological homology has no such simple and unambiguous definition. The theoretical vagueness of morphological hom...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330940109
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone samples from a Middle Bronze Age (ca., 1600-1300 BC) site were prepared for histological analysis. Preliminary results suggested that components of bone marrow remained preserved. To verify these findings and optimize the sample preparation procedure, we conducted experiments varying the type of acid used to deca...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22375
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the appearance of the secondary ossification centers in the lower arms, wrists, lower legs, and ankles of a cross-sectional sample of 20 infant orangutans and chimpanzees (15 of known age). The number of tarsal and carpal centers is analyzed relative to the degree of M1 development and the weight o...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199601)99:1<191::AID-AJPA1
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Members of the Cercocebus-Mandrillus clade are united by several morphological features, including expanded premolars which are argued to be associated with a preponderance of hard objects in the diet. We test the association between premolar expansion and hard object feeding by examining how different dental regions ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21402
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Museum curators and living communities are sometimes reluctant to permit ancient DNA (aDNA) studies of human skeletal remains because the extraction of aDNA usually requires the destruction of at least some skeletal material. Whether these views stem from a desire to conserve precious materials or an objection to dest...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21647
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22241
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Archaeological and ethnohistorical documents suggest that the Chachapoya region was inhabited by a number of distinct sociopolitical groups that only united in the face of their common enemy, the Inka. The purpose of this research is to quantify the amount of internal genetic differentiation and levels of extraregiona...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20431
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20698
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data on orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii) living in a Sumatran swamp forest yield an estimated median interbirth interval of at least 8 years, concurring with findings from other sites. This longest known mammalian interbirth interval appears due to maternal amenorrhea during the long exclusive dependence of the offs...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10426
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bilateral correlations are higher and bilateral variances within individuals smaller in the samples of inbred individuals than in matched control groups of the same sex for pattern intensities on fingers in four series of data and also for pattern intensities on palms, toes, and soles and the palmer main line indices ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330810109
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:European ancestry in many populations in Latin America at autosomal loci is often higher than that from X-linked loci indicating more European male ancestry and more Amerindian female ancestry. Generally, this has been attributed to more European male gene flow but could also result from an advantage to Euro...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23220
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The appearance of external auditory exostoses archaeologically has been attributed to aquatic activities in middle latitudes. However, recent clinical research implicates low sea surface temperatures, especially below a threshold of 19°C, as a stronger predictor of ear exostosis development than latitude. He...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23757
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mummification methods of an ancient maritime population on the northern coast of Chile are reviewed and the findings in an additional seven individuals are reported. Members of this cultural group, Chinchorro, practiced a selective, elaborate form of artificial mummification which persisted more than 4,000 years. ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330910205
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 495 individuals from five different Argentinian tribes was examined for variation in 23 blood group and protein genetic systems, and the results were integrated with previous data on some of these systems. These tribes generally present RH * R1, PGM1 * 1, and ACP * A frequencies lower and RH * R2, ESD * 1, ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1063
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The degree of expression of sulcal patterns on endocasts of nonhuman primates has been shown to depend primarily on species (brain size) and age of the individual. It has been suggested that brain details on endocasts are reproduced better in juvenile than adult primates. Here, we investigated age-related ch...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23205
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mexican Americans are a numerous and fast growing ethnic population in the United States. Yet little is known about their genetic structure. Since they are a hybrid, it is of interest to identify their parental populations and to estimate the relative contributions of these groups. This information is relevant to hist...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330840204
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00