Abstract：
:There are basic principles and techniques of measurement that are relevant across biomedical disciplines. The purpose of this article is to explain some of the most important of these for medical rehabilitation, to illustrate how to use them to choose assessment instruments and to describe the nature of measurement in medical rehabilitation by examples in brain injury rehabilitation. Reliability is basic to any scientific measure. Validity, the ultimate criterion, is closely associated with the purpose of the measure. Content validity, criterion validity and construct validity are explained. Sensitivity to rehabilitative interventions and significance in patients' real lives (ecological validity) are emphasized. Measures of functional outcomes (disability) may show improvement after rehabilitation even when impairment measures do not. An extensive but selected list of measures of coma, global status, disabilities, communicative and cognitive impairments, and handicaps is presented, and their main uses are illustrated. Examples illustrate how to choose measures to study comprehensive program-level outcomes, to study learning-based interventions and to develop a general purpose database. Although there are many measures of activities of daily living and mobility, little published evidence of reliability and validity could be found even for some well-known scales. Ecologically valid and sensitive outcome measures are especially needed. Studies of the clinical utility of measures were also scarce. Many of these gaps can be spanned by clinical researchers with limited resources. Physical medicine and rehabilitation will benefit from formal studies of the reliabilities and validities of both its old and its new measurement instruments and by increased sophistication in choice of measures.
journal_name
Am J Phys Med Rehabiljournal_title
American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationauthors
Johnston MV,Findley TW,DeLuca J,Katz RTdoi
10.1097/00002060-199102000-00008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-02-01 00:00:00pages
40-56issue
1eissn
0894-9115issn
1537-7385journal_volume
70pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The role of the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) chief resident (CR) in physiatry residency education programs is the subject of annual deliberation in many academic centers. A national survey of PM&R programs was conducted to determine CR number, selection method, responsibilities, duration of service, and...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00002060-199607000-00003
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objectives of this study were to examine the effectiveness of different types of exercise on risk factors of diabetic foot ulcers, including glycated hemoglobin, peripheral arterial disease, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopu...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1097/PHM.0000000000001002
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To provide benchmarking information for a large national sample of patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation after a stroke. DESIGN:Analysis of secondary data from 893 medical rehabilitation facilities located in the United States and contributing information to the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabili...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181c1ec38
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to evaluate the short-term physiologic effects of respiratory muscle training with normocapnic hyperpnea added to standard exercise training on respiratory muscle endurance/strength and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. DESIGN:The study used a...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/PHM.0000000000000988
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the impact of the Medicare inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) prospective payment system (PPS) on outcomes in a stroke rehabilitation program. DESIGN:An analysis was performed on a database including 945 stroke patients admitted to an inpatient stroke rehabilitation program 5 yrs before imple...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/PHM.0b013e31804a7e2f
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individuals with traumatic brain injuries experience an array of physical, cognitive, and emotional changes that often make return to preinjury employment unlikely and locating new employment difficult. The authors review the literature related to the return to work for persons with traumatic brain injuries. This incl...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00002060-200111000-00011
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of this review was to discuss the impairments in hand function after stroke and present previous work on robot-assisted approaches to movement neurorehabilitation. Robotic devices offer a unique training environment that may enhance outcomes beyond what is possible with conventional means. Robots apply forces...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/PHM.0b013e31826bcedb
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of different glove types on mobility performance in a series of field tests specific to wheelchair rugby. DESIGN:Ten international wheelchair rugby players performed three drills in each glove condition: (i) players' current glove selection, (ii) A...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181aa41c5
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knee injuries occur commonly in sports, limiting field and practice time and performance level. Although injury etiology relates primarily to sports specific activity, female athletes are at higher risk of knee injury than their male counterparts in jumping and cutting sports. Particular pain syndromes such as anterio...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/01.phm.0000154183.40640.93
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine electrophysiologic abnormalities, including motor-evoked potentials, in a patient with post-traumatic syringomyelia before and after syringopleural shunting. A patient with C5 quadriplegia presented with pain, ascending sensory loss, and new weakness in the left upper extremity...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00002060-199012000-00006
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to determine the specificity of needle electromyography for lumbar radiculopathy in subjects with low back pain and sciatica without stenosis. DESIGN:Subjects 55 yrs or older with diagnoses of low back pain and sciatica underwent a standardized monopolar needle evaluation by blinded...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/PHM.0b013e31820b163b
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this article is to provide researchers and clinicians with a basic understanding of randomized clinical trials and to discuss their potential application to and limitations in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation. A brief history of the development of randomized clinical trials, definitions...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00002060-199909000-00016
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Restorative management of the disabled elderly requires knowledge about realistic functional expectations, in addition to knowledge about a patient's particular disease. Health outlook, especially sense of control, should also be assessed because rehabilitation depends on the patient's active participation. A comparis...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00002060-199204000-00007
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual deficits after cerebral injury are common. The variability in the types of injury sustained as well as their impact on function in the environment have produced multiple approaches at corrective intervention. To assess the effectiveness of these vision interventions, an extensive literature search was completed...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/PHM.0b013e318151f907
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:After hip fracture, muscle strength and power remain persistently poor, especially in the fractured leg. This study explores whether asymmetrical leg extension power (LEP) deficit affects mobility in women after proximal femoral fracture (PFF). DESIGN:In this observational study, LEP of both legs, 10- and 50...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/PHM.0b013e318164a9e2
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a 38-yr-old polio survivor with newly developed weakness from myotonic dystrophy. He suffered muscle atrophy and weakness in his legs as a result of poliomyelitis at the age of 3 yrs. After a stable interval of about 30 yrs, he felt new weakness and fatigue in his legs. Electromyography revealed generalize...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/PHM.0b013e318190b935
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hip flexion contractures are a common complication in disabled patients. However, no previous study has examined reduced hip motion during gait. This retrospective analysis evaluates the relationship between the degree of hip flexion contracture found on static testing and the degree found during gait and also assesse...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00002060-199711000-00013
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of selective blocking of the anterior branch of the obturator nerve by using phenol in controlling adductor spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. DESIGN:To study the anatomic location of the anterior branch of the obturator nerve with respect to bony landmarks in the inguinal are...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/PHM.0b013e31815b6381
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 20-yr-old active duty soldier complained of right lateral forearm numbness that began shortly after carrying 100 lbs of equipment (20-lb load-bearing equipment, 20-lb individual body armor, and 60-lb rucksack) while deployed during Operation Iraqi Freedom. Physical examination revealed normal strength but decreased ...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181837b83
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to examine the impact of demographics, preexisting medical conditions, and in-hospital complications of COVID-19 infection on functional status at discharge. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS:A retrospective chart review was conducted on 119 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection betwee...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/PHM.0000000000001614
更新日期：2020-10-12 00:00:00
abstract：:A 28-year-old African American male with a history of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome, tobacco use, and sickle cell trait was referred to a physiatrist at a multidisciplinary spine center with a one-year history of non-traumatic thoracic back pain that had significantly worsene...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/PHM.0000000000001513
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies were undertaken first to describe the invariant characteristics of gait initiation and second to better understand the function of each limb in the process of gait initiation. Analysis of variance indicated significant main effects for speed for time to onset of EMG activity and force plate recordings, time to...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00002060-199108000-00009
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The H reflex is a monosynaptic reflex whose latency can be used to evaluate pathology of the S1 nerve root and axon. Little has been written about the use of the H reflex amplitude in evaluating S1 nerve root and axon. Little has been written about the use of the H reflex amplitude in evaluating S1 nerve physiology. A...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00002060-199705000-00003
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article evaluates six mobility-related device classifications for their ability to support assistive technology outcomes research. Our evaluation considered classifications that had been created for various purposes, including those created to support third-party reimbursement decisions, consumer education and sa...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181bc0d55
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The goal of expanding access to individuals with disabilities to scientific and medical conferences is supported by both the Americans with Disabilities Act and the National Institutes of Health. DESIGN:Live-streaming video broadcast over the internet is widely available, although it has been used only in a ...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00002060-200011000-00005
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nocebo effects refer to new or worsening symptoms that develop in response to negative health-related information, beliefs, and/or experiences. In recent years, research on concussion pathophysiology has significantly advanced. Through health campaigns and media coverage, emerging knowledge on the risks of this injury...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/PHM.0000000000001290
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Seventy-nine percent of respondents to the 1990 National Post-Polio Survey reported difficulty "thinking of words I want to say," with 37% reporting frequent, moderate-to-severe word finding difficulty. This study was undertaken to objectively document polio survivors' word finding difficulty and to identify ...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00002060-200007000-00005
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analyzing multiple nerve conduction study parameters individually is statistically problematic. The goal of this study was to develop a useful factor analysis scheme for assessment of nerve conduction study abnormalities in diabetic neuropathy. Hypotheses were: (1) factor analysis produces a few physiologically meanin...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 26-yr-old man with a C4 American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale B spinal cord injury was admitted due to a left calf pressure ulcer. The patient's initial laboratory results and physical examination findings were unremarkable, except for a stage IV pressure ulcer. On day 7, the patient developed fever an...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181c1ed30
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article describes approaches to assessing rehabilitation research capacity and measuring capacity growth within the context of basic science, clinical research, health services research, and engineering and technology development. Related metrics are also described, including the selectiveness of research trainin...
journal_title：American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/01.phm.0000187898.20945.2f
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
