Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Raltegravir is the first human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) integrase inhibitor used in treatment-experienced patients who have evidence of viral replication and HIV-1 strains resistance to multiple antiretroviral regimens. Etravirine is a novel NNRTI, active against HIV-1 strains harboring multiple NNRTI mutations. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of raltegravir, etravirine, and 9 other antiretroviral agents (amprenavir, atazanavir, darunavir, efavirenz, indinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, and tipranavir) in plasma at the concentrations associated with therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The ritonavir analog, methyl indinavir, and lopinavir-d8 were used as internal standards, added to 100 microL of plasma sample prior to a protein precipitation using methanol. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 HPLC column (Waters Sunfire 100 x 2.1 mm, 3.5 microm) with a mobile phase gradient at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Five microL of sample were injected into the LC-MS/MS system (Waters Quattro Premier XE) to determine concentrations of raltegravir, etravirine, and other antiretroviral agents. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:This method showed an excellent linearity for all calibration curves (r2 > 0.998). The lower limit of quantification was established at 5 ng/mL for raltegravir and 40 ng/mL for etravirine, with precision and accuracy within +/-20% and 80% to 120% for all analytes. Intraassay and interassay precision and inaccuracy ranged from -9.2% to 6.9% for raltegravir and from -14.3% to 12.3% for etravirine and were less than 15% for all other compounds. No matrix effect was observed for any of the antiretrovirals studied. CONCLUSION:A rapid, specific, and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for quantification of raltegravir, etravirine, and 9 other antiretrovirals in human plasma was developed and was successfully applied for routine therapeutic drug monitoring.
journal_name
Ther Drug Monitjournal_title
Therapeutic drug monitoringauthors
Quaranta S,Woloch C,Paccou A,Giocanti M,Solas C,Lacarelle Bdoi
10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181c05adfsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-12-01 00:00:00pages
695-702issue
6eissn
0163-4356issn
1536-3694journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The immunosuppressive potential of mycophenolic acid (MPA) correlates well with MPA exposure [area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)]. Monitoring MPA AUC is important and helpful for maintaining the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil while minimizing its side effects, but full MPA AUC monitoring is laborious, co...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181559f8a
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Theophylline, a xanthine derivative drug, is used for the treatment of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, and is primarily eliminated by hepatic metabolism. There is marked interindividual variability in theophylline clearance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of chronic hepa...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000787
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Drug blood levels can only serve as a surrogate because of the lack of information on the drug's direct pharmacological effects in the individual patient. Measurement of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity dependent on the phosphorylation status of p70 S6 kinase (p70 S6K) offers a practical way...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182804c9b
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the effect of pharmacologic agents on the biologic fate of adenosine, a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay coupled with a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for simultaneous determination of plasma adenosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, inosine, guanosine, and uric a...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200004000-00007
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Central venous access catheters are commonly used in clinical oncology. The double lumen variant is applied in pharmacokinetic studies for simultaneous administration and blood sampling when frequent blood collections are necessary. Occlusion of one lumen, a common complication, necessitates the investigator perform b...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200306000-00002
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has recently been shown that acute changes of venous blood ammonia (NH3) may predict short-term adverse effects of valproic acid (VPA). In the present study, the time course of NH3 concentration after a single oral dose of VPA (800 mg) was monitored in 68 epileptic patients. Patients were classified into four group...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198506000-00008
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nivolumab is a fully humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that targets the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor, disrupting PD-1-mediated signaling and restoring antitumor immunity. The objective of this study was to develop a nivolumab quantification method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000558
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid and simultaneous determination of several analgesic antiinflammatory agents--ibuprofen, acetaminophen, indomethacin, and salicylic acid--in human serum was developed by using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled with diode-array ultraviolet detection. After precipitation of serum protein with acetonitr...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200310000-00006
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) (TDx, Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics, Irvin, TX, U.S.A.) is commonly utilized for quantitative determination of gentamicin serum concentrations. Recently, automated homogeneous latex agglutination (LA) (Technicon Immuno-1, Miles Diagnostics Division, Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A.)...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199408000-00010
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with drug-resistant HIV-1 may result from the acquisition of mutant strains or from their selection within the individual; either can compromise the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Drug-resistance testing is recommended to assist in the choice of ART. Herein, factors that contribute to the selectio...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-200404000-00005
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to investigate the serum concentrations of olanzapine in relation to age, sex, and other factors in Chinese patients aged between 10 and 90 years. METHODS:Data for 884 olanzapine patients, deposited between 2016 and 2017, were retrieved from the therapeutic drug monitoring da...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000738
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight patients are described who displayed excessive concentrations of nortriptyline, imipramine, or clomipramine on routine blood level monitoring. Under these conditions, the patients did not respond to the treatment. All patients were markedly improved when the daily dosage of the antidepressant was reduced with a ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A population pharmacokinetic model was developed after administration of orogastric and/or intravenous indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Plasma indomethacin concentrations (n=227) were obtained from 90 preterm infants of median gestational age 27 weeks, mean postnatal age o...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31815b3e13
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors report the use of high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) for the quantification of indomethacin (IND) in plasma with microscale sample preparation. Plasma samples (100 microL) and mefanamic acid (internal standard [IS]), buffered to pH 3.5, were prepar...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199812000-00020
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Linezolid is an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by drug-resistant gram-positive organisms, including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, multi-drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The adverse effects of linezolid can include thrombocytopenia and ne...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000710
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accessing patient's veins for drug level sampling is not always feasible. The use of capillary sampling techniques is often utilized when venous access is hampered. In the therapeutic monitoring of patients, unexpected drug level results often occur that can be caused by a number of different factors. The possibility ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199005000-00009
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifteen patients were studied during short-term (5 days at 10-15 mg/m2/day) or long-term (5-104 days at 3 mg/m2/day) doxorubicin infusion. Levels of doxorubicin and metabolites in serum and 24-h timed urine collections were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Quantifiable anthracycline levels were id...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198901000-00002
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The indication for the antiepileptic drug lacosamide (LCM) was recently extended to include children from the age of 4 years. Real-life data on the use and serum concentrations of LCM in children and adolescents are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of LCM in this patient group in...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000599
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lamotrigine (LG), phenytoin (PY), carbamazepine (CM), and carbamazepine epoxide (CE) are measured with an optimized procedure that uses thin sorbent extraction disks and a highly selective, sterically protected bonded silica high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column. Routinely, serum (200 microliters at pH ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199706000-00009
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The commonly used immunosuppressive regimen after orthotopic heart transplantation consists of cyclosporine (CsA), azathioprine (AZA), and steroids. Although AZA therapy is generally regarded as unproblematic, its use can be associated with severe side effects, particularly myelosuppression. Since AZA is a prodrug, wh...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199606000-00002
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urinary excretion of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) has been suggested to be a useful biomarker of early diabetic nephropathy. We studied whether L-PGDS is also a marker of gentamicin (GM)-induced renal damage in the "creatinine-blind" range. A prospective study was conducted in 6 patients who were g...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31819566f1
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of rifampicin (RMP) and its principal active metabolite desacetylrifampicin (DA-RMP) were studied in six subjects, ranging in age from 78 to 95 years, after single oral doses of 10 mg/kg RMP. The maximal plasma concentrations (Cmax) and the elimination half-lives (t 1/2 beta) of RMP are 8.83 +/- 1...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198303000-00004
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The combination of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is used to treat a number of bacterial infections. TMP/SMX concentrations in serum are conventionally monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. These methods require laborio...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000785
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of carbamazepine coadministration on plasma concentrations of trazodone and its active metabolite, m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) were studied in six depressed patients treated with trazodone. The daily dose of trazodone was 150 mg in three cases and 300 mg in three cases. Carbamazepine, 400 mg/day, was coad...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199604000-00010
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Steady-state serum concentrations of quetiapine were recorded in 62 psychiatric patients under routine conditions. Doses were administered twice daily, and serum quetiapine levels were measured in the morning about 12 hours after the last dose. Eight patients were in monotherapy, whereas the rest received various addi...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200410000-00005
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous reports have suggested that polymorphism of the opioid receptor A118G affects the efficacy of opioid analgesia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether such polymorphism contributed to variability in epidural mixture (sufentanil plus ropivacaine) requirements through patient-controlled epid...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000112
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral posaconazole (PSZ), an azole antifungal drug, was recently introduced for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. The prescription of PSZ together with the immunosuppressant tacrolimus (TRL) was evaluated in 14 lung transplant patients with cystic fibrosis. PSZ inhibited CYP3A4 TRL metabolism, resulting in a...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31819de6fd
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monitoring of serum voriconazole concentrations has been proposed to optimize therapeutic effect and minimize toxicity. However, little is known about the clinical use of voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) by treating physicians. Four hundred seventy-eight episodes corresponding with 161 adult patients (me...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181ea3de6
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive method for monitoring serum piroxicam (Feldene) is described. The assay requires 1.0 ml of specimen and involves chloroform extraction from an acidified mixture followed by concentration and injection into a liquid chromatograph. Column effluent is monitored at 330 nm. Retention times of piroxicam and the ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198306000-00017
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is the first drug approved for the prevention of renal allograft rejection in the United States in the last 10 years. MMF is the morpholinoethyl ester of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and is a selective, reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), an enzyme that is critic...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199608000-00007
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00