Number needed to treat and number needed to harm are not the best way to report and assess the results of randomised clinical trials.

Abstract:

:The inverse of the difference between rates, called the 'number needed to treat' (NNT), was suggested 20 years ago as a good way to present the results of comparisons of success or failure under different therapies. Such comparisons usually arise in randomised controlled trials and meta-analysis. This article reviews the claims made about this statistic, and the problems associated with it. Methods that have been proposed for confidence intervals are evaluated, and shown to be erroneous. We suggest that giving the baseline risk, and the difference in success or event rates, the 'absolute risk reduction', is preferable to the number needed to treat, for both theoretical and practical reasons.

journal_name

Br J Haematol

authors

Hutton JL

doi

10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07707.x

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2009-06-01 00:00:00

pages

27-30

issue

1

eissn

0007-1048

issn

1365-2141

pii

BJH7707

journal_volume

146

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Flow cytometry analysis of dual red blood cell populations after bone marrow transplantation.

    abstract::Flow cytometry represents an alternative method to agglutination assays for the accurate quantification of mixed field populations of erythrocytes observed after bone marrow transplantation. Murine monoclonal antibodies directed against the blood group ABH antigens were selected and processed in order to prepare ready...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1995.tb08410.x

    authors: Blanchard D,Bruneau V,Bernard D,Germond-Arnoult F,Gourbil A,David B,Muller JY

    更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00

  • Ber-H2 (anti-CD30)-saporin immunotoxin: a new tool for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and CD30+ lymphoma: in vitro evaluation.

    abstract::An immunotoxin containing an anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody (Ber-H2) and saporin, a ribosome-inactivating protein type 1, is described. It specifically inhibits protein synthesis by Hodgkin derived target cell lines with a very high efficiency (IC50 ranging from 5 x 10(-12) M to 5 x 10(-14) M, as saporin), while irrele...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1992.tb08208.x

    authors: Tazzari PL,Bolognesi A,de Totero D,Falini B,Lemoli RM,Soria MR,Pileri S,Gobbi M,Stein H,Flenghi L

    更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00

  • Thalidomide treatment in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia.

    abstract::Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) is uniquely characterized by macroscopic bone marrow stromal changes that are believed to be both reactive and cytokine mediated. Furthermore, a prognostically detrimental increase in bone marrow angiogenesis has recently been demonstrated. These observations suggest a poten...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03443.x

    authors: Elliott MA,Mesa RA,Li CY,Hook CC,Ansell SM,Levitt RM,Geyer SM,Tefferi A

    更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00

  • Nucleoside incorporation into DNA and RNA in acute leukaemia: differences between the various leukaemia sub-types.

    abstract::The incorporation of the labelled deoxyribonucleosides 3H-deoxythymidine (3H-TdR), H3-deoxycytidine (3H-CdR), 3H-deoxyadenosine (3H-AdR), 3H-deoxyguanosine (3G-GdR), 3H-deoxyuridine (3H-UdR) and of labelled uridine (3H-UR) into DNA and RNA was studied in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) cells from 10 normal ...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1982.tb03881.x

    authors: Piga A,Sylwestrowicz T,Ganeshaguru K,Breatnach F,Amos R,Prentice HG,Hoffbrand AV

    更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00

  • Management of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria: a personal view.

    abstract::Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a serious form of acquired haemolytic anaemia with several features that make it unique, including the fact that it is caused by clonal expansion, in the context of bone marrow failure, of a haematopoietic stem cell that has a somatic mutation in a gene crucial for the syn...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08690.x

    authors: Luzzatto L,Gianfaldoni G,Notaro R

    更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00

  • Expression of bcr-abl mRNA in individual chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells as determined by in situ amplification.

    abstract::We present the results of a novel method developed for evaluation of in situ amplification, a molecular genetic method at the cellular level. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to study bcr-abl transcript levels in individual cells from patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML). ...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2001.02510.x

    authors: Pachmann K,Zhao S,Schenk T,Kantarjian H,El-Naggar AK,Siciliano MJ,Guo JQ,Arlinghaus RB,Andreeff M

    更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00

  • Inhibition of platelet function with 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid.

    abstract::2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHB) inhibits the second wave of platelet aggregation release of serotonin, and malonaldehyde production. The effect is concentration dependent and reversible in vitro and in vivo. 50% inhibition of platelet aggregation induced in vitro with 70 micron adrenaline was obtained with 1.5 mM ...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1977.tb01030.x

    authors: Greenberg M,Grady RW,Peterson CM

    更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00

  • Transient familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis reactivation post-CD34 haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

    abstract::Familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH) is a genetic disorder caused by defective lymphocyte cytotoxicity, resulting in impaired lymphocyte homeostasis and macrophage infiltration of solid tissues and bone marrow, with extensive haemophagocytosis. It is invariably fatal unless treated by allogeneic haemato...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05615.x

    authors: Almousa H,Ouachée-Chardin M,Picard C,Radford-Weiss I,Caillat-Zucman S,Cavazzana-Calvo M,Blanche S,de Saint Basile G,Le Deist F,Fischer A

    更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00

  • Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation to treat severe aplastic anaemia in children and young adults.

    abstract::Alternative donor bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to treat severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) in children and young adults has been complicated by high rates of graft rejection and severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We hypothesized that increased immunosuppression combined with T-cell depletion of the marrow graft ...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1772.x

    authors: Margolis D,Camitta B,Pietryga D,Keever-Taylor C,Baxter-Lowe LA,Pierce K,Kupst MJ,French J 3rd,Truitt R,Lawton C,Murray K,Garbrecht F,Flomenberg N,Casper J

    更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00

  • The CD11/CD18 granulocyte adhesion molecules in myelodysplastic syndromes.

    abstract::We have evaluated the function of granulocytes in 14 patients suffering from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We also evaluated the functional and immunochemical activities of five monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) reactive with the CD11/CD18 leucocyte adhesion molecules of granulocytes. Granulocytes showed a decrease in c...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1993.tb08279.x

    authors: Mazzone A,Ricevuti G,Pasotti D,Fossati G,Mazzucchelli I,Cavigliano P,Notario A

    更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00

  • Omission of in vivo T-cell depletion promotes rapid expansion of naïve CD4+ cord blood lymphocytes and restores adaptive immunity within 2 months after unrelated cord blood transplant.

    abstract::Umbilical cord blood transplant (UCBT) is associated with impaired early immune reconstitution. This might be explained by a lower T-cell dose infused, the naivety of cord blood T-cells and the use of in vivo T-cell depletion. We studied the pattern of early immune reconstitution and the clinical outcome of children u...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08994.x

    authors: Chiesa R,Gilmour K,Qasim W,Adams S,Worth AJ,Zhan H,Montiel-Equihua CA,Derniame S,Cale C,Rao K,Hiwarkar P,Hough R,Saudemont A,Fahrenkrog CS,Goulden N,Amrolia PJ,Veys P

    更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of nitric oxide and nitric oxide donors on red blood cell oxygen transport.

    abstract::A mechanism has been proposed in which nitric oxide (NO) may bind to cysteine beta93 and be transported by haemoglobin from the lungs to the tissues and modify vascular tone. In addition, it has been reported that treatment of sickle cell anaemia blood with 80 p.p.m. NO gas in air shifts the oxygen affinity, as measur...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02203.x

    authors: Hrinczenko BW,Alayash AI,Wink DA,Gladwin MT,Rodgers GP,Schechter AN

    更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00

  • A single intra-articular injection with IL-4 plus IL-10 ameliorates blood-induced cartilage degeneration in haemophilic mice.

    abstract::The combination of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 protects against blood-induced cartilage damage in vitro. It has been hypothesized that the combination of these cytokines is effective if applied early in the process of cartilage damage. The present study investigated whether a single intra-articular injection of IL-4 ...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/bjh.12148

    authors: van Meegeren ME,Roosendaal G,Coeleveld K,Nieuwenhuizen L,Mastbergen SC,Lafeber FP

    更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00

  • Absence of platelet response after eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

    abstract::Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with the correction of thrombocytopenia in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). We have analysed the response to eradication of H. pylori in a series of 56 adult patients with chronic ITP. Forty patients had H. pylori infection (71%) ...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03194.x

    authors: Jarque I,Andreu R,Llopis I,De la Rubia J,Gomis F,Senent L,Jiménez C,Martín G,Martínez JA,Sanz GF,Ponce J,Sanz MA

    更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00

  • Low-dose aspirin does not lower in vivo platelet activation in healthy smokers.

    abstract::Smoking causes atherosclerosis, and smokers have increased thromboxane (TXA2) formation. As aspirin inhibits TXA2 production we speculated that smokers would preferentially profit from inhibition of the TXA2 pathway by aspirin. Increased expression of P-selectin, a constituent of the alpha-granules of platelets, and i...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00883.x

    authors: Pernerstorfer T,Stohlawetz P,Stummvoll G,Kapiotis S,Szekeres T,Eichler HG,Jilma B

    更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00

  • CD59-deficient blood cells and PIG-A gene abnormalities in Japanese patients with aplastic anaemia.

    abstract::Patients with aplastic anaemia (AA) frequently develop paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) as a late complication. We investigated the frequency of the development of PNH features including a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring defect in 73 Japanese patients with AA. A deficient expression of CD59 was...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01214.x

    authors: Azenishi Y,Ueda E,Machii T,Nishimura J,Hirota T,Shibano M,Nakao S,Kinoshita T,Mizoguchi H,Kitani T

    更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00

  • Cytomegalovirus infection and non-neutropenic fever after autologous stem cell transplantation: high rates of reactivation in patients with multiple myeloma and lymphoma.

    abstract::In a retrospective study, we examined the association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and non-neutropenic fever immediately following autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for a variety of haematological malignancies and solid tumours. Sixty non-neutropenic febrile episodes (41 in CMV-seroposit...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02487.x

    authors: Fassas AB,Bolaños-Meade J,Buddharaju LN,Rapoport A,Cottler-Fox M,Chen T,Lovchik JC,Cross A,Tricot G

    更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00

  • Platelet peroxidase-positive blast cells in transient myeloproliferative disorder with Down's syndrome.

    abstract::Transient myeloproliferative disorder accompanied by Down's syndrome has been characterized as exhibiting self-limiting haematological abnormalities. We studied six patients suffering from this disorder in order to clarify the biological nature of their blast cells. Metaphases of leucocytes stimulated with phytohaemag...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1988.tb06187.x

    authors: Suda J,Eguchi M,Ozawa T,Furukawa T,Hayashi Y,Kojima S,Maeda H,Tadokoro K,Sato Y,Miura Y

    更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00

  • In vitro expansion of cord blood does not prevent engraftment of severe combined immunodeficient repopulating cells.

    abstract::This study aimed to assess the potential of human cord blood (CB) cells to engraft in the xenogenic non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mouse model after in vitro expansion culture. We also studied the quality of human haemopoiesis arising from the transplantation of fresh or expanded cells i...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03254.x

    authors: Denning-Kendall PA,Evely R,Singha S,Chapman M,Bradley BA,Hows JM

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • Molecular pathology of haemoglobin H disease in Sardinians.

    abstract::We investigated the molecular basis for haemoglobin H disease in 50 Sardinian patients by restriction endonuclease analysis. We found that the majority (78% of the cases) are due to gene deletion (- -/- alpha). Among those with a combination of deletion and nondeletion defects (- -/alpha alpha th), the most prevalent ...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1986.tb07525.x

    authors: Paglietti E,Galanello R,Moi P,Pirastu M,Cao A

    更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00

  • Increased CD11b neutrophil expression in Budd-Chiari syndrome or portal vein thrombosis secondary to polycythaemia vera.

    abstract::Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis (BCS/PVT) are frequently associated with polycythaemia vera (PV). In an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms of BCS/PVT secondary to PV (T-PV), CD11b neutrophil expression, neutrophil oxidative burst and platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNC) were assessed in 17 such patient...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04770.x

    authors: Alvarez-Larrán A,García-Pagán JC,Abraldes JG,Arellano E,Reverter JC,Bosch J,Cervantes F

    更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00

  • Multiple in silico tools predict phenotypic manifestations in congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

    abstract::Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (cTTP) is a rare, recessively inherited genetic disorder with varying clinical presentation that is caused by ADAMTS13 mutations. Several studies have found limited associations between ADAMTS13 mutations and cTTP phenotype. The use of in silico tools that examine multipl...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/bjh.12214

    authors: Hing ZA,Schiller T,Wu A,Hamasaki-Katagiri N,Struble EB,Russek-Cohen E,Kimchi-Sarfaty C

    更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of factor VIII concentrate on antigen-presenting cell (APC)/T-cell interactions in vitro: relevance to inhibitor formation and tolerance induction.

    abstract::Inhibitor formation in patients with haemophilia receiving factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate is a common problem requiring tolerance induction therapy. Immune tolerance is dependent on defective T cell/antigen-presenting cell (APC) interactions and inhibitor antibody formation is associated with effective T-cell/B-cell ...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01994.x

    authors: Hodge G,Han P

    更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of different resuspension media on the post-thaw characteristics of frozen blood.

    abstract::Red blood cells frozen by the low-glycerol fast-freezing technique were thawed, deglycerolized and resuspended in various media. The use of ACD-saline for resuspension markedly reduced in vitro haemolysis such that the red cells could be transfused up to 5 d after thawing. At this time the cells contained satisfactory...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1980.tb08718.x

    authors: Amer KA,Pepper DS,Prowse CV

    更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00

  • Enhanced activation of B cells in a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood stem cell graft.

    abstract::In a randomized study that compared human leucocyte antigen-identical allogeneic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) versus bone marrow (BM) transplantation, the expression of activation markers, CD23, CD25 and CD45RO by B cells, was compared in blood before and af...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02965.x

    authors: Tayebi H,Lapierre V,Saas P,Lienard A,Sutton L,Milpied N,Attal M,Cahn JY,Kuentz M,Blaise D,Hervé P,Tiberghien P,Robinet E,Société Française de Greffe de Moelle et de Therapie Cellulaire.

    更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical activity of carfilzomib correlates with inhibition of multiple proteasome subunits: application of a novel pharmacodynamic assay.

    abstract::While proteasome inhibition is a validated therapeutic approach for multiple myeloma (MM), inhibition of individual constitutive proteasome (c20S) and immunoproteasome (i20S) subunits has not been fully explored owing to a lack of effective tools. We utilized the novel proteasome constitutive/immunoproteasome subunit ...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/bjh.14014

    authors: Lee SJ,Levitsky K,Parlati F,Bennett MK,Arastu-Kapur S,Kellerman L,Woo TF,Wong AF,Papadopoulos KP,Niesvizky R,Badros AZ,Vij R,Jagannath S,Siegel D,Wang M,Ahmann GJ,Kirk CJ

    更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00

  • Haemophilia B Liverpool: a new British family with mild haemophilia B associated with a -6 G to A mutation in the factor IX promoter.

    abstract::We report a Lancashire family with mild haemophilia B associated with a -6 G to A mutation in the factor IX promoter. This mutation has been reported previously in Britain in one other affected family. The factor IX haplotype of these two unrelated patients was determined by PCR analysis of seven polymorphic sites wit...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1993.tb08667.x

    authors: Stowell KM,Figueiredo MS,Brownlee GG,Jones P,Bolton-Maggs PH

    更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00

  • Functional regulation of D-type cyclins by insulin-like growth factor-I and serum in multiple myeloma cells.

    abstract::D-type cyclin genes are universally dysregulated in multiple myeloma (MM), but the functional consequences are unclear as D-type cyclin gene expression does not correlate with proliferation or disease progression. We examined the protein expression and regulation of D-type cyclins and other cell cycle regulators in hu...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06789.x

    authors: Glassford J,Rabin N,Lam EW,Yong KL

    更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00

  • The impact of SOCS1 mutations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

    abstract::Mutations in SOCS1 are frequent in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. In the latter, SOCS1 mutations affect the length of the encoded protein (major mutations) and are associated with shorter patient survival. Two independent studies examined the prognostic impact of SOCS1 mutations in...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1111/bjh.16147

    authors: Mellert K,Martin M,Lennerz JK,Lüdeke M,Staiger AM,Kreuz M,Löffler M,Schmitz N,Trümper L,Feller AC,Hartmann S,Hansmann ML,Klapper W,Stein H,Rosenwald A,Ott G,Ziepert M,Möller P

    更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00

  • Epistaxis in anticoagulated patients: educating an at-risk population.

    abstract::Epistaxis is a common problem amongst anti-coagulated patients. Application of first-aid principles can control the majority of bleeds. In our sample of 60 patients attending the anticoagulant clinic, 40% were unable to think of a single measure that would be helpful in controlling a nose bleed. 6 weeks after being gi...

    journal_title:British journal of haematology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1865.x

    authors: Lavy J

    更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00