Abstract:
:The large conduit arteries of the thorax and abdomen are elastic while those in the arms and legs are muscular. Alterations in wall properties of elastic arteries occur over time and are usually permanent in nature; acute changes can, however, occur is response to a change in transmural pressure. Chronic alterations in properties of muscular arteries are minimal but changes (e.g vasoconstriction, vasodilation or tone) do occur in response to smooth muscle cell (SMC) stimulation. In general an increase in arterial stiffness (and wave reflection) increases systolic blood pressure (BP) and is detrimental while a decrease is beneficial. The augmentation in systolic BP increases left ventricular (LV) mass, wasted energy, tension-time index (TTI) and myocardial oxygen demand while the fall in diastolic BP decreases coronary artery perfusion causing a mismatch in ventricular/vascular coupling and an imbalance in the myocardial oxygen supply/demand ratio. Cardiovascular hormones such as renin, angiotensin, aldosterone, parathormone, sympathomimetic amines and endothelin induce vasoconstriction and increase arterial stiffness while insulin, thyroxine, testosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), estrogen and nitric oxide (NO) have the opposite effect. The undesirable effects can be reversed with selected blocking agents. Vasodilator drugs have little direct active effect on large elastic arteries and unaugmented BP but can markedly reduce wave reflection amplitude and duration and augmentation index by decreasing stiffness of the muscular arteries and reducing transmission velocity of the reflected wave from the periphery to the heart. This decrease in amplitude and increase in travel time (or delay) of the reflected wave causes a generalized decrease in systolic BP, arterial wall stress, wasted LV energy and TTI.
journal_name
Curr Pharm Desjournal_title
Current pharmaceutical designauthors
Nichols WW,Epstein BJdoi
10.2174/138161209787354258subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
304-20issue
3eissn
1381-6128issn
1873-4286journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is the fourth most frequent retinal disorder in terms of prevalence. It typically occurs in young subjects and affects men more often than women. CSC is characterized by serous retinal detachment (SRD) involving mainly the macular area. The clinical course is usually se...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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doi:10.2174/1381612825666190123165914
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abstract::Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a devastating disease associated with high prevalence of death due to aortic rupture. Currently the therapy is restricted to surgical procedures to prevent aortic rupture, which in turn has a risk for postoperative mortality. There are no proven pharmacological therapies available to...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Cell-cell adhesion is essential in maintaining the structure and function of an organ. Several adhesion molecules have recently been identified as associated with heroin dependence in both genetic and peripheral plasma studies. METHODS AND RESULTS:We reviewed literature concerning studies on adhesion molecu...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro effects of goat's milk from different sources (Jonica, Saanen, and Priska breeds plus a commercial preparation) on healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated in terms of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine release. According to the incubation time (24 h or 48 h) used all milks coul...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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abstract::The production of autoreactive antibodies from self-reactive B cells results in the formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissue and fix complement, contributing to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Earlier mouse models emphasize the importance of autoreactive antibodies formed against "self" prot...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors represent one of the most commonly used categories of drugs in canine and feline medicine. ACE inhibitors currently approved for use in veterinary medicine are benazepril, enalapril, imidapril and ramipril. They are all pro-drugs administered by oral route. A physiologica...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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abstract::The antifungal agents for systemic mycoses are only a few in number. Among them amphotericin-B is still the most widely used drug, but substantial side effects including nephrotoxicity limits its clinical usefulness. Efforts to lower the toxicity are synthesis of AMPH-B analogues such as AMPH-B esters and encapsulatio...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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abstract::Transforming growth factor-β family members, which include TGF-βs, activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), play important roles in development and maintaining tissue homeostasis. The extracellular TGF-β family members signal across the plasmamembrane by activating type I and type II serine/threonine kinase re...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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abstract::Gene delivery, a process of introducing foreign functional nucleic acids into target cells, has proven to be a very promising tool for inducing specific gene expression in host cells. Many different technologies have been developed for efficient gene delivery. Among them, electroporation has been adopted in gene deliv...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a considerable risk of cardiovascular and renal disease, including heart failure. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have demonstrated unprecedented cardiorenal protective effects in large scale clinical trials of patients with or without diabet...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666201103122813
更新日期:2020-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::There is a high rate of benzodiazepine use in the population. Benzodiazepines are used for multiple indications (anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, muscular relaxation and anesthesia). Benzodiazepines are also addictive substances and a non-negligible fraction of regular users will develop dependence. There is cur...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612821666150619092039
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-induced photosensitivity of the skin is drawing increasing attention. In past few decades, photosensitivity has been reported with an array of drugs, and is now recognized as a noteworthy medical problem by clinicians, regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical industry. The photosensitivity is of two types i.e., ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aspirin has been one of the most widely used medications since its first synthesis more than 100 years ago. In addition to short-term use for pain and fever relief, regular use of aspirin has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and strokes. The issue of regular aspirin use in cancer prevention is ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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abstract::Insight is provided herein into the novel mechanisms of cardiometabolic risk. Previous reports, including the epidemiological work of the Turkish Adult Risk Factor study, indicated that proinflammatory state and oxidative stress are crucial for evaluating cardiometabolic risk. Autoimmune pathways in the course of oxid...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ever-growing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics and crop disease due to pest has triggered severe health concerns in recent years. Consequently, there is a need of powerful and protective materials for the eradication of diseases. Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (M/MO NPs) are powerful agents due to their ther...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhaled glucocorticoids, also know as corticosteroids (ICS), revolutionized the treatment of asthma by suppressing airways inflammation and ICS therapy now forms the basis of treatment of asthma of all severities. More recently and usually in combination with a long-acting β-agonist (LABA), ICS use has been establishe...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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doi:10.2174/138161210793797889
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research has uncovered neurobiological and behavioral similarities between substance dependence and excess consumption of highly processed foods. These findings have led to the theory that food addiction may play a role in obesity and disordered eating. The inclusion of validated food addiction measures in clin...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms and factors causing or influencing degenerative diseases require tailor-made solutions. Natural polysaccharides are among the most versatile building units of the novel drug delivery systems. Their properties can be easily tailored to specific needs because they depend not only on the first-order struct...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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abstract::Mass spectrometry information has long offered the potential of discovering biomarkers that would enable clinicians to diagnose disease, and treat it with targeted therapies. PeptideAtlas currently provides access to large-scale spectra data and identification information. This data, and the generation of targeted pep...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dengue is one of the most important arboviral infections worldwide, infecting up to 390 million people and causing 25,000 deaths annually. Although a licensed dengue vaccine is available, it is not efficacious against dengue serotypes that infect people living in South East Asia, where dengue is an endemic disease. He...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The common mechanism of action of aspirin and the chemically unrelated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is the inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) production due to interference with the enzymatic activity of cyclooxygenase (COX). These agents have long been used as effective treatments for arthritis. The r...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The serotonergic system is involved in pathomechanisms of both epilepsy and neuropathic pain. So far, participation in the epileptogenesis and maintenance of epilepsy was proved for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, 5-HT4 and 5-HT7 receptors as well as 5-HTT serotonin transporter. Depending on the receptor type or its localizati...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In association with their mechanisms of self/non-self recognition (known as mating type systems), ciliates synthesize and constitutively secrete cell type-specific proteins into their extracellular medium. These proteins, designated as pheromones, have been isolated from species of Euplotes and shown to be members of ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antiepileptic activity of α-substituted acetamides, lactams, and cyclic imides has been known for over six decades. We recently proposed an α-substituted amide group as the minimum pharmacophore responsible for inhibition of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by these compounds, with the implication that i...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the field of forensic toxicology, the quality of analytical methods is of great importance to ensure the reliability of results and to avoid unjustified legal consequences. A key to high quality analytical methods is a thorough method development. METHODS:The presented article will provide an overview on...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains the single biggest challenge in infectious disease in the civilized world. Moreover, vancomycin resistance is also spreading, leading to fears of untreatable infections as were common in ancient times. Molecular microbiology and bioinformatics have revealed ma...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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abstract::HIV infection remains incurable although several anti-HIV drugs have been identified and developed. Among these the nucleoside analogues were and remain in the forefront of anti-HIV chemotherapeutic regimens. Most of these nucleoside analogues are modified mainly in the sugar moiety. In general, they lack a free hydro...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Risk reduction and the attainment of good outcomes in contemporary cataract surgery depend in part on patient compliance with a postoperative regimen of topical eye drops. Topical drops are expensive and challenging to instill properly for patients. The consequences of noncompliance or poor compliance can be significa...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00