(5'S)- and (5'R)-5',8-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine: mechanistic insights on the 2'-deoxyguanosin-5'-yl radical cyclization.

abstract：:Formyl chloride has been indirectly implicated as an intermediate in the oxidation of CH(2)Cl(2) and proposed to be a product of the oxidation of some other compounds. Formyl chloride was synthesized and added to aqueous solutions, with CO formed as a product. The presence of glutathione (GSH) did not reduce the yield...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Watanabe K,Guengerich FP

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidation of the tris(p-carboxyltetrathiaaryl)methyl (TAM) EPR radical probe, TAMa(•), by rat liver microsomes (RLM) + NADPH, or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) + H2O2, or K2IrCl6, led to an intermediate cation, TAMa(+), which was treated with glutathione (GSH), with formation of an adduct, TAMa-SG(•), resulting from the...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Decroos C,Boucher JL,Mansuy D,Xu-Li Y

更新日期：2014-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:MXenes have attracted extensive attention due to their unique physicochemical properties. Especially, the flexibility and good conductivity endow MXenes with a great application prospect in the neural interfaces. However, the cytotoxicity of MXenes to nervous system remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the cyt...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wu W,Ge H,Zhang L,Lei X,Yang Y,Fu Y,Feng H

更新日期：2020-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleotide excision repair (NER) removes lesions caused by environmental mutagens or UV light from DNA. A hallmark of NER is the extraordinarily wide substrate specificity, raising the question of how one set of proteins is able to recognize structurally diverse lesions. Two key features of good NER substrates are tha...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yeo JE,Khoo A,Fagbemi AF,Schärer OD

更新日期：2012-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:In aqueous media at neutral pH, the binding of two cyanide molecules per cobinamide can be described by two formation constants, Kf1 = 1.1 (±0.6) × 105 M-1 and Kf2 = 8.5 (±0.1) × 104 M-1, or an overall cyanide binding constant of ∼1 × 1010 M-2. In comparison, the cyanide binding constants for cobalamin and a fully oxi...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yuan Q,Pearce LL,Peterson J

更新日期：2017-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The Salmonella typhimurium (TA100) mutagenic compound, mucochloric acid [3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MCA)], was inactivated by in vitro N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The reaction of MCA with NAC at pH7 was second order and gave products 4, 5, and 6a that resulted from the displacement of chlorine from C-3 or C-4 ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： LaLonde RT,Xie S

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:beta-Carotene and other carotenoids are thought to exert disease preventive actions by scavenging reactive free radicals, but the mechanisms of these reactions are poorly understood. We detected products formed by reaction of beta-carotene with alkoxyl, and alkylperoxyl free radicals generated by thermolysis of azobis...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Liebler DC,McClure TD

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO(•); nitrogen monoxide) is known to be a critical regulator of cell and tissue function through mechanisms that utilize its unique physicochemical properties as a small and uncharged free radical with limited reactivity. Here, the basic chemistry and biochemistry of NO(•) are summarized through the des...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Toledo JC Jr,Augusto O

更新日期：2012-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one of the most refractory environmental pollutants. Because of their ubiquitous existence in the biological systems (including human body), it is important to investigate their toxic behavior. Our previous findings demonstrated that a high reactive metabolite of PCB, namely PCB29-...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dong W,Zhu Q,Yang B,Qin Q,Wang Y,Xia X,Zhu X,Liu Z,Song E,Song Y

更新日期：2019-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitrofluorenes are mutagenic and carcinogenic environmental pollutants arising chiefly from combustion of fossil fuels. Nitro aromatic compounds undergo nitroreduction to N-hydroxy arylamines that bind to DNA directly or after O-esterification. This study analyzes the DNA binding and adducts from the in vitro nitrored...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Ritter CL,Culp SJ,Freeman JP,Marques MM,Beland FA,Malejka-Giganti D

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence from laboratory studies and clinical trials suggests that plant-derived polyphenolic compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, or phloretin might be useful in the treatment of certain diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) and acute tissue injury states (e.g., spinal cord trauma). However, despite this potential...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： LoPachin RM,Geohagen BC,Nordstrøm LU,Gavin T

更新日期：2016-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Catechol estrogens (CE) are among the major metabolites of estrone (E1) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2). Oxidation of these metabolites to semiquinones and quinones could generate ultimate carcinogenic forms of E1 and E2. The 2,3- and 3,4-quinones of E1 and E2 were synthesized by MnO2 oxidation of the corresponding CE, fol...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dwivedy I,Devanesan P,Cremonesi P,Rogan E,Cavalieri E

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to both endogenous and exogenous formaldehyde has been established to be carcinogenic, likely by virtue of forming nucleic acid and proteins adducts such as N6-formyllysine. To better assess N6-formyllysine as a biomarker of formaldehyde exposure, we studied accumulation of N6-formyllysine adducts in tissues ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Edrissi B,Taghizadeh K,Moeller BC,Yu R,Kracko D,Doyle-Eisele M,Swenberg JA,Dedon PC

更新日期：2017-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reports on the analysis of the toxin content from Palythoa tuberculosa and Palythoa toxica samples collected off of the Hawaiian coast. Our work, based on in-depth high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis along with extensive NMR study, led us to structurally characterize 42-hydroxy-...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Ciminiello P,Dell'aversano C,Dello Iacovo E,Fattorusso E,Forino M,Grauso L,Tartaglione L,Florio C,Lorenzon P,De Bortoli M,Tubaro A,Poli M,Bignami G

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acrolein is a bifunctional electrophile, present as an ubiquitous environmental pollutant and an endogenous cellular product of lipid peroxidation. Reaction of acrolein with deoxyguanosine produces two regioisomeric DNA adducts, specifically gamma-hydroxypropanodeoxyguanosine (gamma-HOPdG) and alpha-hydroxypropanodeox...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sanchez AM,Minko IG,Kurtz AJ,Kanuri M,Moriya M,Lloyd RS

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of a unique bioassay for cytotoxicity analysis of coal fly ash (CFA) particulate matter (PM) and its potential application for air quality monitoring is described. Using human cell lines, A549 and SK-MES-1, as live probes on microelectrode-embedded 96-well sensors, impedance changes over time are measu...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Moe B,Yuan C,Li J,Du H,Gabos S,Le XC,Li XF

更新日期：2016-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Many of the protective responses observed for flavonoids in the gastrointestinal track resemble aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated effects. Therefore, we examined the structure-activity relationships of isoflavones and isomeric flavone and flavanones as AhR ligands on the basis of their induction of CYP1A1, CYP1...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Park H,Jin UH,Orr AA,Echegaray SP,Davidson LA,Allred CD,Chapkin RS,Jayaraman A,Lee K,Tamamis P,Safe S

更新日期：2019-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:To prevent the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and limit associated damage to biological macromolecules, cells express a variety of oxidant-detoxifying enzymes, including peroxiredoxins. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the peroxiredoxin Tsa1 plays a key role in peroxide clearance and maintenance of genome stabili...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Loberg MA,Hurtig JE,Graff AH,Allan KM,Buchan JA,Spencer MK,Kelly JE,Clodfelter JE,Morano KA,Lowther WT,West JD

更新日期：2019-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism of formation of etheno (epsilon) adducts of nucleic acid bases from 2-haloacetaldehydes is generally assumed to occur via initial Schiff base formation resulting from reaction of the aldehyde with an exocyclic amine. We recently revised the 1H NMR assignments of the epsilon protons of 1,N2-epsilon-Guo (G...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Guengerich FP,Persmark M

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer-associated mutations often lead to perturbed cellular energy metabolism and accumulation of potentially harmful oncometabolites. One example is the chiral molecule 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG); its two stereoisomers (d- and l-2HG) have been found at abnormally high concentrations in tumors featuring anomalous metab...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Chen F,Bian K,Tang Q,Fedeles BI,Singh V,Humulock ZT,Essigmann JM,Li D

更新日期：2017-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicity of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) to human lung epithelial (A549) cells was investigated in this study. CuO NPs (10-100 mg/L) had significant toxicity to A549 cells, whereas CuO bulk particles (BPs) showed much lower toxicity (24 h IC(50), 58 and 15 mg/L for CuO BPs and NPs, respectively). Transmission electron ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wang Z,Li N,Zhao J,White JC,Qu P,Xing B

更新日期：2012-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Quinones represent a class of toxicological intermediates which can create a variety of hazardous effects in vivo, including acute cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. The mechanisms by which quinones cause these effects can be quite complex. Quinones are Michael acceptors, and cellular damage can occur t...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Bolton JL,Trush MA,Penning TM,Dryhurst G,Monks TJ

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skin protein modification (haptenation) is thought to be a key step in the manifestation of sensitization to low molecular mass chemicals (<500 g/mol). For sensitizing chemicals that are not protein reactive, it is hypothesised that metabolic activation can convert such chemicals into protein reactive toxins within th...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Elahi EN,Wright Z,Hinselwood D,Hotchkiss SA,Basketter DA,Pease CK

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein glutathionylation is an important protein post-translational modification associated with oxidative stress, in which the thiol groups of cysteine residues react with glutathione and form disulfide bonds. Glutathionylation has been shown to affect protein structure and modulate protein function, and is implicat...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Chen HJ,Lin WP,Chiu SD,Fan CH

更新日期：2014-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The chemical reactivity of styrene-7,8-oxide (SO), an alkylating agent with high affinity for the guanine–N7 position and a probable carcinogen for humans, with 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP), a trap for alkylating agents with nucleophilic characteristics similar to those of DNA bases, was investigated kinetically in...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： González-Pérez M,Gómez-Bombarelli R,Pérez-Prior MT,Arenas-Valgañón J,García-Santos MP,Calle E,Casado J

更新日期：2014-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of prostaglandin H synthase-1 (PHS-1) and a related model enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), in catalyzing the bioactivation of dopamine (DA) and epinephrine and their precursors and metabolites to potential neurodegenerative free radical intermediates was examined. To determine the potential contribution ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Gonçalves LL,Ramkissoon A,Wells PG

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Caffeine on alkaline hydrolysis produces caffeidine [1-methyl-4-(methylamino)-5-(N-methylcarbamoyl)imidazole] and caffeidine acid [N-[4-(5-carboxy-1-methylimidazolyl)]-N,N'-dimethylurea]. We now report the synthesis and chemical characterization of mononitrosocaffeidine [1-methyl-4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosoamino)-5-(N-methy...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Kumar R,Wacker CD,Mende P,Spiegelhalder B,Preussmann R,Siddiqi M

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions due to the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac have been proposed to be caused by the generation of reactive acyl glucuronides and oxidative metabolites. For the oxidative metabolism of diclofenac by cytochromes P450 at least five different reactive intermediates have been proposed p...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dragovic S,Boerma JS,Vermeulen NP,Commandeur JN

更新日期：2013-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde acrolein readily attacks proteins, generating adducts at cysteine, histidine, and lysine residues. In this study, rabbit antiserum was raised against acrolein-modified keyhole limpet hemocyanin in the expectation that it would allow immunodetection of adducted proteins in biol...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Burcham PC,Fontaine FR,Petersen DR,Pyke SM

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allyl alcohol (AA) is one of the environmental pollutants used as a herbicide and industrial chemical. AA undergoes enzymatic oxidation in vivo to form Acrolein (Acr), a highly reactive and ubiquitous environmental toxicant. The exposure to AA/Acr has detrimental effects on cells and is highly fatal. In corroboration ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Golla U,Bandi G,Tomar RS

更新日期：2015-06-15 00:00:00