Synthesis of a hapten to be used in development of immunoassays for trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, a major metabolite of cotinine.

abstract：:Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are produced during infection and inflammation, and the effects of these agents on proteins, DNA, and lipids are well recognized. In contrast, the effects of RNS damaged metabolites are less appreciated. 5-Amino-3-β-(d-ribofuranosyl)-3 H-imidazo-[4,5- d][1,3]oxazine-7-one (oxanosine) an...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yu R,Kim Y,Maltseva N,Braunstein P,Joachimiak A,Hedstrom L

更新日期：2019-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Spin-trapping with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline 1-oxide (DMPO) was used to demonstrate that 3-nitrotyrosine (nitrotyrosine) promotes the formation of substantial amounts of reactive oxygen species (O2.- and *OH), when incubated with NAD(H)-cytochrome c reductase and a corresponding electron donor. Spin adduct formation is...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Krainev AG,Williams TD,Bigelow DJ

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study describes a novel integrated approach for rapid analysis of reactive metabolites with a linear ion trap mass spectrometer (LTQ). In this approach, an isotope pattern-dependent scanning method was applied to the data acquisition of glutathione (GSH)-trapped reactive metabolites. Recorded full-scan MS ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Ma L,Wen B,Ruan Q,Zhu M

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Butadiene monoxide, a toxic metabolite of 1,3-butadiene, is a substrate for the human placental glutathione (GSH) S-transferase. The products have been identified as S-(2-hydroxy-3-buten-1-yl)glutathione (I) and S-(1-hydroxy-3-buten-2-yl)glutathione (II). S-(4-hydroxy-2-buten-1-yl)glutathione (III), which was formed c...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sharer JE,Duescher RJ,Elfarra AA

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report on the generation of computer-based models for the prediction of the chromosome-damaging potential of chemicals as assessed in the in vitro chromosome aberration (CA) test. On the basis of publicly available CA-test results of more than 650 chemical substances, half of which are drug-like compounds, we gener...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Rothfuss A,Steger-Hartmann T,Heinrich N,Wichard J

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly population, above 65 years of age. Multiple lines of evidence confirm the central role of 40-42 residue Abeta peptides in the pathogenesis of AD, but exact mechanisms of Abeta toxicity remain unclear. Recently, evidence has accumulat...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Rózga M,Bal W

更新日期：2010-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The reaction of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) with deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) results in two distinct EPR-detectable species, the one-electron-reduced nitroprusside ion [(CN)5FeNO]3- and nitrosylhemoglobin (HbNO). In the presence of excess cyanide (CN-) only the signal for [(CN)5FeNO]3- is observed. Thus, while free CN- does n...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wilcox DE,Kruszyna H,Kruszyna R,Smith RP

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be produced during normal aerobic metabolism, can induce the formation of tandem DNA lesions, including 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (cyclo-dA) and 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine (cyclo-dG). Previous studies have shown that cyclo-dA and cyclo-dG accumulate in cells and can block ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Swanson AL,Wang J,Wang Y

更新日期：2012-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A diverse series of polarized alpha,beta-unsaturated and related compounds were evaluated for reactivity with a spectrophotometric assay using the sulfhydryl group in the form of the cysteine residue of the tripeptide GSH as a model nucleophile. The reactive end point (RC 50) calculations were compared to previously d...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Schultz TW,Yarbrough JW,Hunter RS,Aptula AO

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The deamination of DNA bases by three alpha-nitrosaminoaldehydes, butylethanalnitrosamine, methylethanalnitrosamine, and N-nitroso-2-hydroxymorpholine (NHMOR), the direct metabolite of potent animal carcinogen N-nitrosodiethanolamine, was demonstrated by a set of in vitro experiments. The deamination of guanine, adeni...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Park M,Loeppky RN

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic arsenic is a strong carcinogen, possibly by interaction with the telomere length. The aim of the study was to evaluate how chronic arsenic exposure from drinking water as well as the arsenic metabolism efficiency affect the individual telomere length and the expression of telomere-related genes. Two hundred ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Li H,Engström K,Vahter M,Broberg K

更新日期：2012-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-p-aminophenylbutyric acid (chlorambucil, 1) is an orally administrated drug widely used in the chemotherapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We have recently described a new metabolic path for the decomposition of 1 in human gastric juice based on its reactions with saliva-derived thiocyanate io...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Hovinen J,Pettersson-Fernholm T,Lahti M,Vilpo J

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are known hepatotoxins. The execution of the toxicities of the alkaloids requires metabolic activation. Protein modification by reactive metabolites of PAs has been suggested to be an important mechanism of the toxic actions of PAs. The objectives of the present study were to define the i...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Li W,Wang K,Lin G,Peng Y,Zheng J

更新日期：2016-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic is a human carcinogen, causing skin, bladder, and lung cancers. Although arsenic in drinking water affects millions of people worldwide, the mechanism(s) of action by which arsenic causes cancers is not known. Arsenic probably exerts some toxic effects by binding with proteins. However, few experimental data a...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jiang G,Gong Z,Li XF,Cullen WR,Le XC

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depleted uranium (DU) is commonly used in military armor and munitions, and thus, exposure of soldiers and non-combatants is potentially frequent and widespread. DU is considered a suspected human carcinogen, affecting the bronchial cells of the lung. However, few investigations have studied DU in human bronchial cell...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wise SS,Thompson WD,Aboueissa AM,Mason MD,Wise JP Sr

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mouse cytochrome P450 2A5 (CYP2A5) is upregulated in various pathophysiological liver diseases and induced by structurally variable hepatotoxic chemicals. A putative common feature for all of these conditions is altered cellular redox status. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that is p...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lämsä V,Levonen AL,Leinonen H,Ylä-Herttuala S,Yamamoto M,Hakkola J

更新日期：2010-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:A transient energy impairment with resultant release and subsequent reuptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and NMDA receptor activation with consequent cytoplasmic superoxide (O(2)(-)(*)), nitric oxide (NO(*)), and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) generation have all been implicated in a neurotoxic cascade which ultimately lea...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jiang XR,Dryhurst G

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:5'-d(CCTATAGATATCC) was reacted with each syn-enantiomer of trans-7,8-dihydroxy 9,10-epoxy 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (syn-BPDE). The (-)-enantiomer yielded one dominating adduct, whereas the (+)-enantiomer resulted in two major adducts. As indicated by optical spectroscopic methods, the major adduct derived fr...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pontén I,Seidel A,Gräslund A,Jernström B

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450 2F1 (P450 2F1) is expressed exclusively in the human respiratory tract and is implicated in 3-methylindole (3MI)-induced pneumotoxicity via dehydrogenation of 3MI to a reactive electrophilic intermediate, 3-methyleneindolenine (3-MEI). Studies of P450 2F1 to date have been limited by the failure to exp...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Behrendorff JB,Moore CD,Kim KH,Kim DH,Smith CA,Johnston WA,Yun CH,Yost GS,Gillam EM

更新日期：2012-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Naphtho[8,1,2- ghi]chrysene, commonly known as naphtho[1,2- e]pyrene (N[1,2- e]P) is a widespread environmental pollutant, identified in coal tar extract, air borne particulate matter, marine sediment, cigarette smoke condensate, and vehicle exhaust. Herein, we determined the ability of rat liver microsomes to metabol...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sharma AK,Gowdahalli K,Gimbor M,Amin S

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The administration of 3'-hydroxyacetanilide, a regioisomer of acetaminophen, to mice failed to produce hepatotoxicity even after the administration of diethyl maleate. In contrast, hepatotoxicity did occur when 3'-hydroxyacetanilide was administered to buthionine sulfoximine pretreated mice. Although the administratio...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Tirmenstein MA,Nelson SD

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The risk of potential human exposure to mixed nanomaterials in consumer, occupational, and medicinal settings is increasing as nanomaterials enter both the workplace and the marketplace. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of mixed engineered carbon black (ECB) and maghemite iron oxide (Fe(2)O(3)) nanoparticle...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Berg JM,Ho S,Hwang W,Zebda R,Cummins K,Soriaga MP,Taylor R,Guo B,Sayes CM

更新日期：2010-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitrogen mustards (NM) are an important class of chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of malignant tumors. The accepted mechanism of action of NM is through the alkylation of DNA bases. NM-adducts block DNA replication in cancer cells by forming cytotoxic DNA interstrand cross-links. We previously characterize...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Chen H,Cui Z,Hejazi L,Yao L,Walmsley SJ,Rizzo CJ,Turesky RJ

更新日期：2020-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The genotoxicity of the dihydrofurans aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), and sterigmatocystin (STG) was examined in a bacterial system in which the induction of SOS repair is monitored with the umuC gene linked to a lacZ reporter gene in plasmid pSK1002. Human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450NF oxidized the di...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Baertschi SW,Raney KD,Shimada T,Harris TM,Guengerich FP

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The seaweed Fucus vesiculosus is unusual when compared with other algal species, in that it can survive in toxic-metal-contaminated aquatic environments. The metallothionein gene has been identified in F. vesiculosus by Kille and co-workers (Morris, C. A., Nicolaus, B., Sampson, V., Harwood, J. L., and Kille, P. (1999...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Merrifield ME,Chaseley J,Kille P,Stillman MJ

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder constituting a major health problem whose prevalence has gradually increased worldwide over the past few decades. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains more complex and heterogeneous and arises as a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate functional β-cell mass and ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dornadula S,Elango B,Balashanmugam P,Palanisamy R,Kunka Mohanram R

更新日期：2015-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthesis of a series of 1,2,4-triazole-containing oligopeptide lexitropsins related to the natural antitumor antibiotic distamycin is described. The binding properties of these new agents to both native DNAs and synthetic polydeoxyribonucleotides were determined by UV absorption and circular dichroism studies. Th...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Rao KE,Krowicki K,Burckhardt G,Zimmer C,Lown JW

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) end points are important hazard end points that need to be addressed in the risk assessment of chemicals to determine whether or not they are the critical effects in the overall risk assessment. These hazard end points are difficult to predict using current in silico tool...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wu S,Fisher J,Naciff J,Laufersweiler M,Lester C,Daston G,Blackburn K

更新日期：2013-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A method for the analysis of N-acetylcysteine conjugates of catechol estrogens [catechol estrogen mercapturates (CE SRs)], which are likely to be urinary markers of estrogen-induced tumors, was established in this study. The characteristics of the method that was established were (1) cleanup of urine using the immunoa...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Nakagomi M,Suzuki E

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to aristolochic acid I (AAI) is associated with aristolochic acid nephropathy, Balkan endemic nephropathy, and urothelial cancer. Individual differences in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities are likely to be a reason for interindividual susceptibility to AA-induced disease. We evaluated the reductive a...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Arlt VM,Levová K,Bárta F,Shi Z,Evans JD,Frei E,Schmeiser HH,Nebert DW,Phillips DH,Stiborová M

更新日期：2011-10-17 00:00:00