Abstract：
:Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) effects produced by the mammalian tachykinins were evaluated in anesthetized dogs. The distribution and content of substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) in the region of the canine gastroesophageal junction was also studied. SP and NKA stimulated a linear dose-dependent contraction of the LES after intra-arterial administration. Neurokinin B (NKB) failed to stimulate an increase in LES pressure (LESP). SP was characterized by an immediate but short-lived contraction followed by a period of relaxation. NKA stimulated a potent LES contraction that was slow in onset but long-lasting. On an equimolar basis, both SP and NKA were approximately 100 times more potent LES stimulants than bethanechol or phenylephrine. Pretreatment with atropine (muscarinic blockade) or tetrodotoxin (neural blockade) inhibited the effect produced by SP. NKA appeared to stimulate LES contraction independent of neural or cholinergic mechanisms. Radioimmunoassay revealed a regional variation in tachykinin content in the gastroesophageal junction. Ganglia, cell bodies, nerve fascicles, and neurites stained specifically for both SP and NKA. The variable effects, potencies, and mechanisms of action observed in this study suggest the presence of specific tachykinin receptor subtypes in the gastroesophageal junction. Both SP and NKA were found to have a broad neural distribution in this region. These findings suggest that the tachykinins may play an important role in neuroregulation of LES smooth muscle.
journal_name
Am J Surgjournal_title
American journal of surgeryauthors
Sandler AD,Maher JW,Weinstock JV,Schmidt CD,Schlegel JF,Jew JY,Williams THdoi
10.1016/0002-9610(91)90379-rsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-01-01 00:00:00pages
165-70issue
1eissn
0002-9610issn
1879-1883pii
0002-9610(91)90379-Rjournal_volume
161pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Respiratory failure secondary to a variety of causes remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Newer therapies are appearing frequently in an attempt to decrease the number of deaths from this disease state. We briefly review the current literature on some of the new...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9610(96)00057-8
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to characterize variations in packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion practices in critically ill patients and to identify which factors influence such practices. We hypothesized that significant variation in transfusion triggers exists among acute care surgeons. METHODS:A s...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.08.024
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was to determine if there are clinical features that raise suspicion for parathyroid hyperplasia. MATERIALS & METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent parathyroidectomy from 1991 to 2017, analyzing demographics, calcium and PTH, ...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.10.051
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the effect of high caloric parenteral nutrition on the rate of gastric emptying of solid food. The linear pattern of gastric emptying was not altered by parenteral nutrition, but the gastric emptying rate was consistently slowed. The degree of slowing of gastric emptying while on parenteral nutrition correl...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9610(79)90338-6
更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Currently, the management strategy of pancreatic cyst (PC) remains controversial because of the inability to diagnose this type of cyst accurately and the limited knowledge of its natural history. Previously, many clinicians have advocated an aggressive resectional policy. This approach is no longer appropri...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.07.019
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Resistance to drug treatment is a well-known problem in the management of patients with amebic liver abscesses. We undertook a comparison of the various modalities of treatment currently used for such cases on a prospective, randomized basis. Fifty patients with 56 amebic liver abscesses found to be resistant to drug ...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0002-9610(89)90316-4
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experience with seven cases of pancreatic abscess is reviewed. All patients were treated with radical pancreatic debridement, large sump drainage with postoperative irrigation, gastrointestinal defunctionalization, antibiotic therapy and nutritional support. One patient died, for a mortality rate of 14 percent. We fee...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9610(81)90307-x
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We found clinical phlebitis in 57 of 88 patients with peripheral hyperalimentation (65%). To determine if this was a problem common to all intravenous fluid therapy at our hospital, we performed a point-prevalence study. The prevalence of phlebitis in nonhyperalimentation intravenous patients was 18% (84 of 456 patien...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0002-9610(05)80266-1
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We hypothesized that team communication with unmatched grammatical form and communicative intent (mixed mode communication) would correlate with worse trauma teamwork. METHODS:Interdisciplinary trauma simulations were conducted. Team performance was rated using the TEAM tool. Team communication was coded fo...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.11.008
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The results of surgical treatment for chronic pancreatitis at our clinic and in the eight leading institutions of Japan were reviewed in a total of 328 cases. Abdominal pain disappeared or was alleviated in about 90 percent of the patients who survived more than 6 months after operation. There was no significant diffe...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9610(81)90338-x
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Late biopsy results in 53 patients after jejunoileal bypass were reviewed and compared with 1 year postoperative biopsies. Patients were divided into groups based on clinical course and liver function tests. Of 24 patients with normal liver function tests and no clinical symptoms of liver failure, 8 (33 percent) had n...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9610(81)90030-1
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All carotid arteriograms performed between January 1, 1986 and December 31, 1991 were reviewed for instances of midcervical carotid stenosis. Sixteen cases were identified. A stenosis related to the hypoglossal nerve was specifically identified in three operative reports in the retrospective review. Pathologic examina...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9610(94)80061-8
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A patient with acute amebic dilatation of the colon and multiple intrahepatic abscesses was successfully treated by a combination of medical and surgical therapy. Creation of a loop ileostomy and blow-hole colostomy facilitated complete healing of the colon. ...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9610(80)90317-7
更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It has been suggested that division of the short gastric vessels (SGV) provides a more floppy Nissen fundoplication, for the treatment of reflux disease. The aim of the study was to assess whether Nissen fundoplication with division of SGV is associated with improved clinical outcome and laboratory findings....
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0002-9610(01)00695-x
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Medical malpractice is a source of stress and cost to physicians. Little is known about how it impacts resident physicians. METHODS:We analyzed data from the Comparative Benchmarking System between 2007 and 2016. We also surveyed surgery residents at our institution regarding malpractice in training. RESUL...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.08.006
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Current recommendations using Hounsfield units (HU) ≤ 10 to identify adrenal adenomas on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) miss 10-40% of benign adenomas. We sought to determine if changing HU threshold and adding absolute percent contrast washout (APW) criteria would identify adrenal adenomas better than ...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.04.021
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The effect of sex on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of thyroid cancer remains unknown. This study determines the reliability of FNA when evaluating thyroid nodules ≥4 cm in women and men. METHODS:Prospectively collected data of 1,068 patients who underwent FNA and thyroidectomy at a tertiary medical...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.04.001
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To assess the impact of adding a surgical oncologist to our faculty we examined the operative experience in our program before and after the addition. METHODS:Operative case numbers reported to the American Board of Surgery over a 10-year period were analyzed. This time period encompassed 5 years before and...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amjsurg.2003.01.001
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recently, limited abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans have been reported (Rao, New England Journal of Medicine, 1998) to have accuracy as high as 98%. We compare our hospital's CT accuracy ordered by emergency room (ER) physicians with that of experienced surgeons provided only with the ER history and p...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0002-9610(02)00850-4
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presentation, surgical management, and clinical outcome in 153 patients with biliary pancreatitis has been reviewed. Only 37 percent of our patients demonstrated any of Ranson's 11 prognostic signs of severe pancreatitis, and only 3 percent had 3 or more signs. Fourteen patients underwent emergency operation withi...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9610(86)90028-0
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of pancreatic acinar cell atrophy and fibrosis on islet tissue autotransplantation was studied in dogs. Thirty-nine dogs underwent pancreatic duct ligation. After 6 weeks marked acinar cell atrophy and fibrosis developed, similar to that in human chronic pancreatitis. Intravenous glucose tolerance testin...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9610(80)90248-2
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Antibiotic prophylaxis during placement of implanted central venous access ports (CVAP) has not been studied. This retrospective review compared the rate of catheter-related infections (CRIs) with and without perioperative antibiotics. METHODS:This was a single-center study that compared patients treated wi...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amjsurg.2010.07.023
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abdominal muscular contractions may have a protective influence against the development of indirect inguinal hernia. A portion of the transversus abdominus muscles acts on the internal inguinal rings and produces a closure mechanism during voluntary abdominal muscular activity. It follows, therefore, that injury or in...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9610(82)90108-8
更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent cognitive research in medicine has demonstrated that expert diagnosticians solve many clinical problems through "pattern recognition" rather than deductive reasoning strategies. Development of the ability to recognize and diagnose common surgical problems is a critical objective of undergraduate surgi...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0002-9610(99)80172-X
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Phyllodes tumors (PTs) of the breast are rare, and their prognosis and treatment are still subject of discussion. The purpose of this study is to clarify therapeutic aspects and prognostic factors of this disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 106 patients who had h...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.04.007
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DVT involving the lower extremities is a frequent (25-40 percent of patients) complication of major thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic surgery in patients beyond the age of 40 years. Herein, we have reported a recently completed large prospective, randomized multicenter investigation of the prophylaxis of postoperative D...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1985-10-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Intestinal infarction is a condition with a high rate of mortality. Progress in the fields of anesthesia, maintenance of electrolyte balance, and intensive postoperative care has made survival possible in a number of patients subjected to extensive resection of the small intestine. Many of these patients, however, lat...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9610(75)90322-0
更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPS) has become the modality of choice for complicated portal decompression. This study was undertaken to determine outcomes after TIPS and the usefulness of TIPS as a "bridge" to transplantation. METHODS:Patients undergoing TIPS from 2001 to 2010 at a t...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.06.005
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Familial visceral myopathy is a form of chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction in which fibrosis of the smooth muscle of the alimentary tract causes protean symptoms of disordered visceral motility. Based on our 8 year observation of six members of one family with familial visceral myopathy and review of the few well-do...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9610(85)90017-0
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new instrument for the placement of U tubes through malignant and benign biliary strictures consists of a 3 mm Bakes dilator modified by a circumferential groove and a small hole through its tip. ...
journal_title：American journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9610(79)90082-5
更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00
