Abstract:
:We review a series of empirical studies on the use of simulators and bench models in training technical skills and subsequent retention of those skills. We discuss recent research on the transfer of training from bench models and simulators to the clinical setting and provide a theoretical structure to organize the findings. The transfer of training from inanimate bench models and simulators to live patients has recently been demonstrated in a number of areas. The effectiveness of this training is enhanced if focus is placed on the operative, or process-oriented, aspects of the procedure, with suspension of disbelief regarding the physical structure of the training platform. The retention of trained skills is an area of research only beginning to evolve, with recent results suggesting that effective retention can be demonstrated if training is tightly focused and involves an entire procedure. An emerging area of research involves the use of simulators as assessment instruments for high-stakes testing, and recent results involving simulated trauma management support this novel application. Based on these findings, we encourage the use of a wide variety of high- and low-fidelity platforms, with emphasis on training procedural knowledge involving an entire procedure.
journal_name
Clin Orthop Relat Resjournal_title
Clinical orthopaedics and related researchauthors
Hamstra SJ,Dubrowski A,Backstein Ddoi
10.1097/01.blo.0000224058.09496.34subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-08-01 00:00:00pages
108-15eissn
0009-921Xissn
1528-1132journal_volume
449pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::During the past ten to 20 years, there have been many advances in the understanding of the way in which skeletal metastases develop and great strides in the methods of detection, particularly with the development of the gamma camera and axial or whole-body skeletal scintigraphy. Skeletal metastases may present with pa...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current study analyzed subjects having a total knee arthroplasty to determine the incidence of condylar lift-off and correlate lift-off with the alignment of the femoral component with respect to the transepicondylar axis. Twenty-five subjects, implanted with a posterior stabilized total knee prosthesis, were aske...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003086-200210000-00022
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The osteopenia associated with advanced age appears to be a universal phenomenon in humans and animals, but the mechanisms by which it occurs are understood incompletely. However, the explanation must lie in an absolute or relative diminution in the level of osteoblastic bone-forming activity when compared with osteoc...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:We conducted a prospective study of 1214 consecutive primary TKAs to compare the deep prosthetic infection rate between obese and nonobese patients during the first 12 months after surgery. We also sought to determine whether patient or surgical variables such as comorbidities, age, gender, blood transfusion...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11999-008-0551-6
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1988 to 1992, 17 patients were treated for a large bone defect or established nonunion of the pelvis or lower extremities with twin-barrelled vascularized fibular grafts. There were 13 men and four women whose average age at operation was 39 years (range, 13-73 years). The reconstructed site was the pelvis in two...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Soft tissue sarcomas are often inappropriately excised without adequate preoperative planning. Inappropriate (unplanned) excisions may adversely affect local recurrence, distant metastasis, patient survival, and /or postoperative function once properly evaluated. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES:We asked whether the clin...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11999-010-1392-7
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In situ hybridization and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry were used to study the synthesis and distribution of 2 bone matrix proteins, bone sialoprotein and osteopontin, in the proximal tibial epiphysis in 21-, 32-, and 84-day-old rats. Bone sialoprotein messenger ribonucleic acid expression was restricted to cel...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003086-199609000-00033
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Titanium implants are an alternative to stainless steel implants for internal fixation after fracture. The advantages of titanium include decreased implant stiffness, increased bio-compatibility, and diminished stress shielding. However, titanium has been implicated in tendon irritation and adhesions when used in the ...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.blo.0000205894.98361.29
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evaluation of medical students consists, in part, of a transparent academic record of grades, awards, and any publications or special clinical activities. In addition, however, each student is evaluated through more opaque processes within a medical school that speak to the behavior, character, and developing prof...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.blo.0000229271.36076.77
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rigid body mechanics with computer data acquisition and analysis techniques were used to determine the three-dimensional motions of any point on the tibial component of a total knee arthroplasty. Three stem configurations were compared: (1) no stem; (2) short stem (40 mm); and (3) long stem (75 mm). In addition, three...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gout, although relatively rare in joint replacements, can present as an acute or chronic painful knee or hip arthroplasty. Gout and acute infection of a joint replacement can be difficult to differentiate, with the physical examination and laboratory study results frequently being similar. Both conditions can present ...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003086-200111000-00049
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteogenic protein-1 (also known as bone morphogenetic protein-7) is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family. Several of the bone morphogenetic proteins, including osteogenic protein-1, have been shown to form bone at an ectopic site. However, optimal dosing regimens for the use of osteogenic protein-1 and o...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.blo.0000129161.54751.8c
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although not all elderly patients with femoral neck fractures are candidates for THA, active, mentally competent, independent patients achieve the most durable functional scores with THA compared with hemiarthroplasty. However, a relatively high frequency of early or late dislocation could reduce the potenti...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11999-011-1987-7
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of subtotal arthrodesis of the wrist is to provide a stable and pain-free joint, with preservation of a limited but useful range of motion. Experience indicates that the available mobility of the joints that are left unfused tends to increase with time and use of the extremity, and that accelerated wear of th...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cases of 16 patients with Ewing's sarcoma of the proximal femur treated in the era of multiagent chemotherapy were reviewed, with emphasis on the mechanical problem of tumor involvement in this structurally demanding site. Fourteen patients received chemotherapy and local radiotherapy as the initial primary treatm...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent popularity of intramedullary nails over sliding hip screws for treatment of intertrochanteric fractures is concerning given the absence of evidence for clinical superiority for nailing yet the presence of reimbursement differences. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES:We describe the change in outcomes of both procedu...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11999-012-2694-8
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acute effects of immobilization on cortical and trabecular bone formation were studied in juvenile male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Four animals were immobilized for two weeks by application of total body casts. Two control monkeys were housed in separate metabolic cages under similar environmental and dietar...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Knee Society Clinical Rating System was developed in 1989 and has been widely adopted. However, with the increased demand for TKA, there is a need for a new, validated scoring system to better characterize the expectations, satisfaction, and physical activities of the younger, more diverse population of ...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11999-011-2152-z
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Rhodococcus species rarely cause musculoskeletal infections, with only two cases reported in the literature. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman who had an infection develop after first metatarsophalangeal joint fusion. A year after surgery, she continued to have pain and swelling with nonunion. She underwen...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11999-009-0901-z
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::For evaluation of both the anterolateral and posterior approaches to total hip arthroplasty as alternatives to the transtrochanteric approach, 269 replacement procedures in 237 patients were reviewed. Follow-up periods ranged from 24 to 71 months (average, 38.2 months). The anterolateral approach was used in 91 hips, ...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gamma sterilization in an air environment can induce oxidation in polyethylene. Oxidation can lead to polyethylene embrittlement, compromising mechanical integrity and clinical performance of polyethylene bearings. For these reasons, orthopaedic manufacturers have modified their methods of sterilizing and packaging po...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003086-199912000-00006
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of osteopetrosis has been described in which bilateral osteoarthritis of the hips occurred before the age of 40. As the osteoarthritis was not explicable on the bases of deformity it was considered that osteoprtrosis might be the etiological factor. Further circumstantial evidence for this causal relationship h...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using a titanium alloy femoral prosthesis (STH Zimmer) and an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular cup with a posterior surgical approach to the hip joint, 237 consecutive total hip arthroplasties in 215 patients were performed between December 1975 and May 1977. The preliminary results and early postop...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report presents an initial clinical experience with arterial embolization as adjuvent therapy in the surgical treatment of selected benign primary bone tumors in childhood. Embolization was dramatically effective in 4 children with spinal or pelvic vascular tumors. This technique facilitated local surgical resect...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Do X-rays adequately reflect the strength of callus post fracture? Eleven rabbit tibiae were manually fractured and allowed to heal in plaster. At varying times post fracture, the rabbits were sacrificed and the tibiae were removed. AP and lateral X-rays of each tibia were obtained and shown to 27 orthopedists and rad...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Observations of the knee joint made at surgical synovectomy in young children with the chronic synovitis stage of hemophilic arthropathy permitted description of the evolution of the subchondral cyst in this disease. Beginning as a subchondral hematoma beneath the load-bearing surfaces of the joint, the subchondral cy...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A femoral implant with a modular sleeve and stem has been designed to allow independent and complete metaphyseal-diaphyseal fit and fill as well as independent rotation to accommodate anteversion at the time of THA. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES:In a prospective study we asked whether such a modular femoral sleeve and...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11999-010-1524-0
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three patients with Paget's disease of bone were treated by disodium etidronate (EHDP) without interruption during periods of 18 to 30 months. In one case the daily dose was also unduly high (approximately equal to 18 mg/kg/day). A moderate to conspicuous diminution of the renal function was observed in all cases. The...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wrist arthrodesis is a reliable procedure that, although it sacrifices motion for stability, provides the patient with relief from pain. This review of 26 wrist arthrodeses performed in 24 patients using the AO technique, with plate and screw fixation and iliac crest bone graft, shows a 100% union rate and high patien...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of alumina ceramic combined with the self-locking principle by surface increase has many followers. There is no manufacturing company in the world that does not produce self-locking hip prostheses with ceramic components. Despite increased interim results with conventional prostheses by improved cemen...
journal_title:Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00