Abstract:
:Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common reasons people seek medical attention. There are > 50% of women who will have at least one UTI during their lifetime and most of these will require a physician visit and antibiotic treatment. The high prevalence continues to the in-patient setting where genitourinary infections are the most common nosocomial infection. The efficient diagnosis and effective treatment of UTIs is a major healthcare concern. Factors such as economic efficiency and emerging resistance are increasingly becoming more important considerations in providing patient care. In out-patient uncomplicated UTIs, Escherichia coli has been implicated in < or = 75-90% of cases. Although the prevalence in the in-patient setting decreases, E. coli is still the most common bacteria identified and present in 21-54% of urinary isolates. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has been the preferred first-line agent for uncomplicated out-patient UTIs where local resistance is < 10 - 20%. In recent years, resistance has superseded this threshold in most regions of the US and Europe. In these areas with increased resistance, fluoroquinolones have become a common first-line agent. Ciprofloxacin has been one of the most widely used fluoroquinolones and has a well-known safety profile, as well as excellent activity against most of the common uropathogens. Ciprofloxacin extended release (ER) is a recently released once-daily formulation that has been increasingly used with good clinical success. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of ciprofloxacin ER are shown to be at least equal to twice-daily ciprofloxacin and may even confer superiority as ciprofloxacin ER achieves a higher maximum serum concentration. This is supported by clinical studies, which have shown at least as effective clinical cure and bacteriological eradication rates. These studies have also demonstrated similar tolerability and side-effect profiles. Ciprofloxacin ER combines traditional ciprofloxacin's proven track record of efficacy and safety with favourable pharmacokinetics and convenient once-daily dosing. Increased patient compliance is associated with decreased treatment failures and can help slow the development of antimicrobial resistance. Economic considerations are also increasingly important and providing convenient and effective treatment leading to high clinical success decreases overall costs.
journal_name
Expert Opin Investig Drugsjournal_title
Expert opinion on investigational drugsauthors
Hickerson AD,Carson CCdoi
10.1517/13543784.15.5.519subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-05-01 00:00:00pages
519-32issue
5eissn
1354-3784issn
1744-7658journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Microtubule stabilizing agents such as taxanes are an integral part of therapy for multiple solid tumors. However, due to limitations of these agents, newer more effective cytotoxic agents are necessary. Ixabepilone, an epothilone B analog, is a novel microtubule stabilizing agent. OBJECTIVE:This review pro...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543784.17.3.423
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:IL-6 is a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The clinical efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ), a humanized anti-IL6-receptor mAb, confirmed the value of IL-6 blockade in this disease. A number of new anti-IL-6 biologics are currently in Phase I - III of clinical development for RA. A...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543784.2014.912276
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considerable progress has been made with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. After long and sustained efforts, several tyrosine kinase inhibitors with convincing in vivo experimental antitumour properties such as CP-358,774, ZD 1839, CEP-751 are entering Phase I clinical trials. Significant in vivo experimental antitumour act...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/13543784.6.6.771
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Antibacterial drug discovery and development has slowed considerably in recent years, with novel classes discovered decades ago and regulatory approvals tougher to get. Traditional approaches and the newer genomic mining approaches have not yielded novel classes of antibacterial compounds. Inste...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543780903505092
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is enhanced and has been demonstrated to be a prognostic marker in patients with advanced stages of heart failure, acute ischaemic syndromes, myocardial infarction and pulmonary hypertension. Activation of the endothelin (ET) system is associated with adverse haemodynamic consequences in patients w...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543784.11.3.431
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) plays a key role in DNA repair mechanisms by detecting and initiating repair after DNA strand breaks. Inhibition of PARP in DNA repair-defective tumors (like those with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations) can lead to gross genomic instability and cell death. Likewise, combining PARP inhibitio...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543780802525324
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite advances in supportive care, septic shock remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. With the identification of the systemic inflammatory response as a major component in the pathogenesis of the septic shock syndrome, much of the recent work has focused on modulating this response. This includes antiend...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543784.12.2.139
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506) is a novel, orally active, diphenylurea multikinase inhibitor of VEGFR1-3, c-KIT, TIE-2, PDGFR-β, FGFR-1, RET, RAF-1, BRAF and p38 MAP kinase. AREAS COVERED:This review covers the preclinical development of regorafenib as well as the pivotal Phase I studies. The safety profile of...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543784.2012.684752
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Despite the heterogeneity of prostate cancer (PCa), androgen stimulation is fundamental to its development, growth, and lethality. Therefore, the blockade of androgen receptor (AR) signaling is critical to controlling the disease, even after progression with castrate levels of androgens. AREAS COVERED:We ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/13543784.2018.1513490
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Available drugs partially attenuate the hyperglycemia characteristic of diabetes. However, successful approaches to treat the root cause or to cure or prevent diabetes remain elusive. Drug discovery and development programs continue to focus on mechanisms that impact specific symptoms of diabetes. In 2014,...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/13543784.2015.1058777
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The decline of dopamine leads to motor dysfunctions manifested as tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. The pharmacological treatment of choice for the past 30 years has primarily been the do...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543784.12.8.1335
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thienopyridines have a well-established role in the treatment of coronary artery disease, especially in the setting of acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary interventions. Ticlopidine, the first FDA-approved thienopyridine, was shown to be effective in reducing coronary events in high risk patients, but t...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543780903176415
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Aspirin, an irreversible inhibitor of thromboxane A(2) production, in combination with clopidogrel, an inhibitor of PY(12) ADP platelet receptors, represents the current standard-of-care of antiplatelet therapy for patients with acute coronary syndrome and those undergoing percutaneous coronary ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543784.2010.521741
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Progesterone receptor (PR) agonists (progestins) and antagonists are developed for female contraceptives. However, non-contraceptive applications of newer progestins and PR modulators are being given more attention. AREAS COVERED:The newer PR agonists including drospirenone, nomegestrol, trimegestone, die...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543784.2012.642368
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a new class of targeted anticancer agents. Several HDAC inhibitors are in clinical trials and have shown significant activity against a spectrum of both haematological and solid tumours at doses that are well tolerated by patients. HDACs and histone acetyltransferases can, by ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543784.14.12.1497
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by bronchial hyper-reactivity. Although many currently available treatment regimens are effective, poor symptom control and refractory severe disease still represent major unmet needs. In the last years, numerous molecular therapeutic targets that inte...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/13543784.2016.1212838
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::'Male factor' problems contribute to subfertility in a significant proportion of couples. In some instances, defective sperm production has qualitative and/or quantitative effects on the semen profile; in others, no obvious defects can be detected, yet spermatozoa are non-fertilising. Recent studies have revealed that...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1517/13543784.6.12.1797
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vasopressin system is complex and interacts with the central nervous, cardiovascular, renal, and hematological systems. Vasopressin plays an important role in the control of blood osmolarity and vascular tone, but is also involved in many other physiological events, which are mediated mainly via three types of vas...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543780903066764
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin (DMD) gene. Most patients die from respiratory failure or cardiomyopathy. There are significant unmet needs for treatments for DMD as the standard of care is principally limited to symptom relief throu...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13543784.2021.1868434
更新日期:2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Advanced melanoma historically had a very poor outcome but targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (IC) have changed the course of the disease and made durable responses possible. However, most patients will develop progressive disease, so further strategies to overcome treatment resistance a...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/13543784.2020.1769066
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an age-associated, progressive, and irreversible fatal interstitial lung disease. Although many drugs have failed in clinical trials, these failures improved the understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF. Currently, there are two drugs approved for IPF that slow the pr...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/13543784.2019.1554054
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prinomastat (formerly AG3340, Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) is a potent, selective oral inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9, -13 and -14. This peculiar selectivity should represent an advantage for prinomastat in terms of efficacy/tolerability. The drug has been shown to inhibit tumour growth and angiogenesis...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543784.9.9.2159
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, chronic and disabling anxiety disorder that may develop following exposure to a traumatic event. There is currently no effective pharmacotherapy for PTSD and therefore the discovery of novel, evidence-based treatments is particularly important. This revi...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543784.2015.1020109
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problem. Response rates to current standard of treatment (pegylated IFNs and ribavirin) are low in patients with the prevailing genotype 1. OBJECTIVE:To review papers published or presented at recent international meetings showing the results o...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543784.17.11.1635
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) represents one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, with the diarrhea-predominant form (D-IBS) representing an area of high unmet medical need. One difficulty in identifying suitable treatments for IBS is that although there are animal models for the comp...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543784.2010.515209
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:AEG 35156 is an antisense oligonucleotide to X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). Overexpression of XIAP is common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other cancers and is thought to cause resistance to cancer therapy. Effective treatment options for patients with relapsed or refractory AML are ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543784.2013.789498
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The deposition of a platelet rich thrombus on an atherosclerotic plaque is a critical step in the development of unstable coronary syndromes. Currently available therapeutic agents such as aspirin and ticlopidine are relatively weak inhibitors of platelet aggregation. Recently, antagonists to platelet glycoprotein IIb...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/13543784.6.9.1257
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The salivary gland (SG) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is characterized by its lack of function (hyposalivation) and lymphocytic invasion. Small-molecule inhibitors (SMIs) are a new class of drugs, whose diminutive size permits diffusion into cells. SMIs targeting components of the immune system are e...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/13543784.2019.1631796
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition affecting genetically susceptible individuals. It is produced by the ingestion of gluten contained in wheat, rye, barley, and related products. The only treatment currently available is strict adherence to a gluten-free diet for life. This requirement for dietary compliance is...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/13543780903369333
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zolmitriptan is a new oral acute treatment for migraine. It is a selective and potent agonist at the serotonin (5-HT)(1B/1D) receptor and was developed to improve on the oral bioavailability, tissue selectivity and CNS penetration of earlier compounds. Animal studies confirmed that these objectives had been attained. ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/13543784.7.4.633
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00