Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Bloodstein reviewed hundreds of studies that investigated the efficacy of therapeutic protocols for ameliorating the stuttering syndrome. Surprisingly, almost all were effective in significantly reducing overtly perceptible behaviours such as repetitions and prolongations of speech sounds. These results seem highly improbable considering that many of the treatment methods were diametrically opposed in their principles and implementation procedures (e.g. psychoanalysis, drug therapy, behaviourism, cognitive behavioural therapy and auditory feedback devices with rate control, etc.). In addition, time and more ecologically valid methods such as self-report measures demonstrate that overt measures of success are tenuous, their ameliorative effects tend to diminish drastically over time and show poor generalizability. Further, the real conundrum in stuttering therapy is the failure to acknowledge stuttering as a complete syndrome of continuous compensatory behaviours. AIMS:To highlight how self-report measures serve as a primary tool to understand the syndrome-like nature of stuttering and to test the efficacy of the therapy outside the confines of the clinic and the needs of the people who stutter. METHODS & PROCEDURES/OUTCOMES & RESULTS:In the past, therapeutic efficacy has typically been measured by the reduction in overtly observable and countable events of stuttering such as repetitions and prolongations. However, recent neuroimaging data and our research suggest that the stuttering syndrome is more than the mere presence of peripheral speech disruptions. Stuttering is a central, experiential sense of 'loss of control' that manifests itself across a continuum of compensatory behaviours from the central nervous system outwards to the speech periphery. In other words, aberrant neural activity, as well as covert stuttering behaviours, subperceptual stuttering forms and overt speech disruptions are all effects or compensations for the central involuntary 'neural block'. Hence, by counting only perceptible portions of the disorder, efficacy measures 'fail to capture' the experiential sense of 'loss of control' and the covert compensatory behaviours of the disorder (i.e. avoidances of words or situations, substitutions, circumlocutions, subperceptual stuttering forms, etc.). Furthermore, unnatural sounding speech, decreased ease of speech production, elevated levels of clinic room fluency and poor reliability in counting stuttering behaviours confound the overt measures in the clinic milieu. Therefore, while overt measures remain important, used in isolation, they cannot provide a 'true metric' of efficacy. CONCLUSIONS:Any efficient and effective means of evaluating intervention methods over the long-term should include a form of self-report as a primary tool as it best accesses the experiential sense of 'loss of control' and other covert behaviours. Overt measures should be used to supplement or complement the self-report data.
journal_name
Int J Lang Commun Disordauthors
Guntupalli VK,Kalinowski J,Saltuklaroglu Tdoi
10.1080/13682820500126627subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-18issue
1eissn
1368-2822issn
1460-6984pii
P7043P6135403511journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Both direct (clinician to child) and indirect (clinician to carer) approaches are currently used in the management of children with language delay, but there is as yet little evidence about their relative effects or resource implications. AIMS:This research project compared the Hanen Parent Programme (HPP) ...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1368282031000121651
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The metalinguistic ability to cope with homonyms, that is, words having multiple unrelated meanings, emerges rather late in the course child language development. It is associated with specific neural activity and related to academic achievement and second language learning. This study is about homonyms that...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13682820902745446
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Overt stuttering is inhibited by approximately 80% when people who stutter read aloud as they hear an altered form of their speech feedback to them. However, levels of stuttering inhibition vary from 60% to 100% depending on speaking situation and signal presentation. For example, binaural presentations of d...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12053
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:At least two-thirds of the world's children grow up in environments where more than one language is spoken. Despite the global predominance of multilingualism, much remains unknown regarding the language acquisition of children acquiring multiple languages compared with monolingual children. A greater unders...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00006.x
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Oesophageal abnormalities are common findings in a speech-language therapy videofluoroscopy clinic. Fluoroscopic screening involving oropharynx alone fails to identify these patients. Oesophageal screening as an adjunct to videofluoroscopy is gaining popularity. Yet currently, little is known about the relia...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12283
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Children with dyslexia and/or developmental language disorder (hereafter children with DDLD) have been reported to retrieve fewer words than their typically developing (TD) peers in semantic fluency tasks. It is not known whether this retrieval difficulty can be attributed to the semantic structure of their ...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12512
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is well-known that people lose friends after a stroke; what is less well understood is why this occurs. AIMS:This study explored why people lose contact with their friends, and whether there are any protective factors. It also examined how friendship loss and change is perceived by the individual. METHO...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00079.x
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A group of eight right hemisphere brain damaged (RHBD) individuals' use of gesture during discourse was explored at two points post stroke. Three topic structured conversational and three procedural discourse samples were elicited at one and six months post stroke. Gestures were analysed in terms of communicative gest...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13682820109177855
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Preschool and early school-aged children with specific language impairment not only have spoken language difficulties, but also are at risk of future literacy problems. Effective interventions targeting both spoken language and emergent literacy skills for this population are limited. This paper repor...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13682820701806308
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:People with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PMLD) have communication impairments as one defining characteristic. AIMS:To explore speech and language therapists' (SLTs) decision making in communication interventions for people with PMLD, in terms of the intervention approaches used, the fact...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12098
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the Lidcombe Program of Early Stuttering Intervention, parents present verbal contingencies for stutter-free and stuttered speech in everyday situations. A previous randomized controlled trial of the programme with preschool-age children from 2005, conducted in two public speech clinics in New Zealand, sh...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13682820801895599
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of phonological awareness intervention for children at risk for reading disorder has received increasing attention in the literature. This paper reports the follow-up data for participants in the Gillon (2000a) intervention study. The performance of twenty, 5-7-year-old New Zealand children with spoken la...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1368282021000007776
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In general, children with specific language impairment (SLI) tend to fall behind their typically developing (TD) peers in educational attainment. Less is known about how children with SLI fare in particular areas of the curriculum and what predicts their levels of performance. AIMS:To compare the distributi...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12137
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Those who stutter have a proclivity to social anxiety. Yet, to date, there is no comprehensive measure of thoughts and beliefs about stuttering that represent the cognitions associated with that anxiety. AIMS:The present paper describes the development of a measure to assess unhelpful thoughts and beliefs a...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13682820802067529
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Considerable evidence suggests that performance across a variety of cognitive tasks is effectively supported by the use of verbal and nonverbal strategies. Studies exploring the usefulness of such strategies in children with specific language impairment (SLI) are scarce and report inconsistent findings. AIM...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12103
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In domains other than language, there is fairly consistent diagnostic terminology to refer to children's developmental difficulties. For instance, the terms 'dyslexia', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder' and 'autistic spectrum disorder' are used for difficulties with reading, attention or social cogn...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12101
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Swedish Program for health surveillance of preschool children includes screening of language and communication abilities. One important language screening is carried out at age 4 years as part of a general screening conducted by health nurses at child health centres. The instruments presently in use for ...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12374
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper will give a progress report on a randomised controlled trial which is currently underway in the Bristol area. Some of the key influencing literature will be summarised, followed by an overview of the study design. The paper will also highlight some of the methodological and practical advantages and disadvan...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.3109/13682829809179391
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::One approach to outcome measures for speech and language therapy is to display measures of the physical, acoustic, correlates of the perceptually salient features of the structure of speech. A difficulty with this approach is that there is no simple mapping of physical correlates onto speech percepts. In this workshop...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13682829809179441
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fluent speakers and people who stutter manifest alterations in autonomic and emotional responses as they view stuttered relative to fluent speech samples. These reactions are indicative of an aroused autonomic state and are hypothesized to be triggered by the abrupt breakdown in fluency exemplified in stutte...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1460-6984.2012.00162.x
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mechanical ventilatory support seriously affects speaking and communication, and earlier studies show that many ventilator-supported patients experience difficulties and frustration with their speech and voice production. Since there is a growing number of individuals who require mechanical ventilatory suppo...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00040.x
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impaired phonology is reported to be the most salient characteristic of the communication profiles of twin children. However, little is known about the phonological development of twins speaking languages other than English. This case study described the phonological systems of a set of Putonghua-speaking twins, using...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/136828200750001250
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Language impairments are associated with an increased likelihood of emotional difficulties later in childhood or adolescence, but little is known about the impact of LI on the growth of emotional problems. AIMS:To examine the link between early language status (language impaired (LI), typical language (TL))...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12142
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of qualitative methodologies in speech and language therapy has grown over the past two decades, and there is now a body of literature, both generally describing qualitative research, and detailing its applicability to health practice(s). However, there has been only limited profession-specific discu...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/13682820701437245
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The following report describes a three year project to develop, implement and evaluate a specialised speech and language therapy (SLT) service to children with specific language impairment (SLI) who attend mainstream schools and nurseries. The report describes how the service was set up and the package of care offered...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13682829809179491
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports on a range of tests and assessments given to a group of six fluent aphasic speakers. Diverse profiles emerged with dissociations between the ability to name action pictures or construct sentences and the ability to produce grammatically well-formed spontaneous speech. ...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13682829809179421
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Speech and language therapy (SLT) for aphasia can be difficult to access in the later stages of stroke recovery, despite evidence of continued improvement with sufficient therapeutic intensity. Computerized aphasia therapy has been reported to be useful for independent language practice, providing new opport...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12024
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Worldwide speech-language therapy (SLT) students are educated in evidence-based practice (EBP). For students to use EBP in their future day-to-day clinical practice, they must value EBP as positive and must feel confident in using it. For curricula developers it is therefore important to know the impact thei...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prognostication is a complex clinical task that involves forming a prediction about recovery and communicating prognostic information to patients and families. In aphasia, recovery is difficult to predict and evidence-based guidance on prognosis delivery is lacking. Questions about aphasia prognosis commonly...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12534
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Respiratory muscle impairment following cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) may lead to reduced voice function, although the individual variation is large. Voice problems in this population may not always receive attention since individuals with CSCI face other, more acute and life-threatening issues that nee...
journal_title:International journal of language & communication disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12380
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00