Constructing intervals for the intracluster correlation coefficient using Bayesian modelling, and application in cluster randomized trials.

abstract：:We propose a probability distribution for an equivalence class of classification trees (that is, those that ignore the value of the cutpoints but retain tree structure). This distribution is parameterized by a central tree structure representing the true model, and a precision or concentration coefficient representing...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Shannon WD,Banks D

更新日期：1999-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The primary purpose of a disease surveillance system is to provide data for the detection of changes in the incidence of the disease. Methods for the analysis of data from surveillance systems are reviewed. A new procedure is proposed for use when the system includes geographically dispersed reporting units, such as h...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Raubertas RF

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis are among the most common infectious diseases in the United States, disproportionately affecting young women. Because a significant portion of the infections present no symptoms, infection control relies...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Li Z,Liu H,Tu W

更新日期：2015-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Using both simulated and real datasets, we compared two approaches for estimating absolute risk from nested case-control (NCC) data and demonstrated the feasibility of using the NCC design for estimating absolute risk. In contrast to previously published results, we successfully demonstrated not only that data from a ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Salim A,Delcoigne B,Villaflores K,Koh WP,Yuan JM,van Dam RM,Reilly M

更新日期：2017-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Diagnostic problems in medicine are sometimes polytomous, meaning that the outcome has more than two distinct categories. For example, ovarian tumors can be benign, borderline, primary invasive, or metastatic. Extending the main measure of binary discrimination, the c-statistic or area under the ROC curve, to nominal ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Van Calster B,Van Belle V,Vergouwe Y,Timmerman D,Van Huffel S,Steyerberg EW

更新日期：2012-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A significant source of missing data in longitudinal epidemiological studies on elderly individuals is death. Subjects in large scale community-based longitudinal dementia studies are usually evaluated for disease status in study waves, not under continuous surveillance as in traditional cohort studies. Therefore, for...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Harezlak J,Gao S,Hui SL

更新日期：2003-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Performance of a diagnostic test is ideally evaluated by a comparison of the test results to a gold standard for all the patients in a study. In practice, however, it is common for a subset of study patients to have the gold standard not verified (missing) due to ethical or expense considerations. Sensitivity and spec...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kosinski AS,Chen Y,Lyles RH

更新日期：2010-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Assessing the calibration of methods for estimating the probability of the occurrence of a binary outcome is an important aspect of validating the performance of risk-prediction algorithms. Calibration commonly refers to the agreement between predicted and observed probabilities of the outcome. Graphical methods are a...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Austin PC,Steyerberg EW

更新日期：2019-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reviews methods for mapping geographical variation in disease incidence and mortality. Recent results in Bayesian hierarchical modelling of relative risk are discussed. Two approaches to relative risk estimation, along with the related computational procedures, are described and compared. The first is an em...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Bernardinelli L,Montomoli C

更新日期：1992-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In the development of a new treatment in oncology, phase II trials play a key role. On the basis of the data obtained during phase II, it is decided whether the treatment should be studied further. Therefore, the decision to be made on the basis of the data of a phase II trial must be as accurate as possible. For ethi...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kunz CU,Kieser M

更新日期：2012-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of a phase II cancer clinical trial is to screen a treatment that can produce a similar or better response rate compared to the current treatment results. This screening is usually carried out in two stages as proposed by Simon. For ineffective treatment, the trial should terminate at the first stage. En...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Chen TT

更新日期：1997-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To update the British growth reference, anthropometric data for weight, height, body mass index (weight/height2) and head circumference from 17 distinct surveys representative of England, Scotland and Wales (37,700 children, age range 23 weeks gestation to 23 years) were analysed by maximum penalized likelihood using ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Cole TJ,Freeman JV,Preece MA

更新日期：1998-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Correct specification of the inverse probability weighting (IPW) model is necessary for consistent inference from a marginal structural Cox model (MSCM). In practical applications, researchers are typically unaware of the true specification of the weight model. Nonetheless, IPWs are commonly estimated using parametric...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Karim ME,Platt RW,BeAMS study group.

更新日期：2017-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The design of clinical trials often requires knowledge of quantities such as between- and within subject variances about which only imprecise information exists. To provide assurance that the study has the desired power to detect a minimum clinically meaningful difference between treatment groups. Gould, Gould and Shi...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Shih WJ,Gould AL

更新日期：1995-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In genetic and genomic studies, gene-environment (G×E) interactions have important implications. Some of the existing G×E interaction methods are limited by analyzing a small number of G factors at a time, by assuming linear effects of E factors, by assuming no data contamination, and by adopting ineffective selection...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Wu C,Shi X,Cui Y,Ma S

更新日期：2015-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We discuss a sample size calculation for a pair-matched case-control study to test for interaction between a specific exposure and a second risk factor. The second risk factor could be either binary or continuous. An algorithm for the calculation of sample size is suggested which is based on a logistic regression mode...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Qiu P,Moeschberger ML,Cooke GE,Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ

更新日期：2000-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:One is often interested in the ratio of two variables, for example in genetics, assessing drug effectiveness, and in health economics. In this paper, we derive an explicit geometric solution to the general problem of identifying the two tangents from an arbitrary external point to an ellipse. This solution permits num...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Walter SD,Gafni A,Birch S

更新日期：2008-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Geocoding a study population as completely as possible is an important data assimilation component of many spatial epidemiologic studies. Unfortunately, complete geocoding is rare in practice. The failure of a substantial proportion of study subjects' addresses to geocode has consequences for spatial analyses, some of...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Zimmerman DL,Fang X,Mazumdar S

更新日期：2008-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Conditional power based on summary statistic by comparing outcomes (such as the sample mean) directly between 2 groups is a convenient tool for decision making in randomized controlled trial studies. In this paper, we extend the traditional summary statistic-based conditional power with a general model-based assessmen...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Zou B,Cai J,Koch GG,Zhou H,Zou F

更新日期：2017-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Case-control studies are usually defined to investigate risk factors for a single disease of interest. However, subsequent to data collection, investigators may wish to examine as an 'outcome' a variable that was an exposure in the original study. A naive analysis that disregards the sampling strategy that gave rise t...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Reilly M,Torrång A,Klint A

更新日期：2005-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Proportional odds regression models for multinomial probabilities based on ordered categories have been generalized in two somewhat different directions. Models having scale as well as location parameters for adjustment of boundaries (on an unobservable, underlying continuum) between categories have been employed in t...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Cox C

更新日期：1995-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Identification of key factors associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and quantification of this risk using multivariable prediction algorithms are among the major advances made in preventive cardiology and cardiovascular epidemiology in the 20th century. The ongoing discovery of new risk markers...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Pencina MJ,D'Agostino RB Sr,D'Agostino RB Jr,Vasan RS

更新日期：2008-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Suppose that two graders classify all eyes in a sample of patients for the presence or absence of a specified abnormality. In the statistical analysis of the data, possible correlation between the observations in the right and left eyes should be taken into account. Recently, general methods have been developed to ana...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Schouten HJ

更新日期：1993-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper is a compendium of exact and asymptotic formulae and tables for estimating the sample size in a clinical trial with two treatment groups and a dichotomous outcome. The paper provides separate formulae for equal and unequal treatment group sizes, formulae for the calculation of power given the sample size, a...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Sahai H,Khurshid A

更新日期：1996-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological drug products are therapeutic moieties manufactured by a living system or organisms. These are important life-saving drug products for patients with unmet medical needs. Because of expensive cost, only a few patients have access to life-saving biological products. Most of the early biological products will ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lin JR,Chow SC,Chang CH,Lin YC,Liu JP

更新日期：2013-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Most statistical methodology for phase III clinical trials focuses on the comparison of a single experimental treatment with a control. An increasing desire to reduce the time before regulatory approval of a new drug is sought has led to development of two-stage or sequential designs for trials that combine the defini...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Stallard N,Todd S

更新日期：2003-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Meta-analysis has generally been accepted as a fundamental tool for combining effect estimates from several studies. For binary studies with rare events, the Peto odds ratio (POR) method has become the relative effect estimator of choice. However, the POR leads to biased estimates for the OR when treatment effects are...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Brockhaus AC,Bender R,Skipka G

更新日期：2014-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Down's syndrome screening is currently carried out using a combination of biochemical markers measured in maternal serum samples; these include MSAFP, Total hCG, uE3 and Free beta-hCG. Recently a number of papers have compared the effectiveness of different combinations of these markers. Some recommend MSAFP, Total hC...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Dunstan FD,Gray JC,Nix AB,Reynolds T

更新日期：1997-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A three-component, competing-risk mortality model, developed for animal survival data, fits human life table data for all ages over a range of mean life spans from 16 to 74 years. The competing risks are a novel exponentially-decreasing hazard, dominant during immaturity; a constant hazard, dominant during adulthood; ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Siler W

更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:R2 has been criticized as a measure of model performance when predicting a dichotomous outcome, both because its value is often low and because it is sensitive to the prevalence of the event of interest. The C statistic is more widely used to measure model performance in a 0/1 setting. We use a simple parametric famil...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ash A,Shwartz M

更新日期：1999-02-28 00:00:00