Abstract:
:It is difficult to determine the relative efficacy of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia, based on the available literature. The purpose of this article is to review and compare the efficacy of two atypical antipsychotics: olanzapine and ziprasidone.This review focused on randomised trials in which these two antipsychotics were compared with placebo, conventional antipsychotics and each other. Common efficacy measures were the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Schedule for Assessment of Negative Symptoms. When sufficient data were available, the mean treatment effect (with 95% confidence intervals) was computed and presented. Olanzapine was consistently found to be significantly superior to placebo and comparable with, or superior to, haloperidol for the treatment of overall, positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms. Ziprasidone appears to have significantly greater efficacy than placebo for overall and negative symptoms, but it remains uncertain whether ziprasidone is comparable in efficacy with conventional antipsychotics such as haloperidol. Two unpublished clinical trials have directly compared olanzapine and ziprasidone. One of these trials found no significant efficacy differences between the two drugs, whereas the results of the other study favoured olanzapine. Compared with ziprasidone, olanzapine has a larger body of evidence supporting its efficacy, and a greater proportion of findings for olanzapine have been published, allowing for greater scrutiny of results. Both drugs appear to be superior to placebo for the treatment of overall and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but olanzapine generally compares more favourably with conventional antipsychotics. Firm conclusions regarding the comparison between olanzapine and ziprasidone require additional published trials on ziprasidone, particularly in direct comparison with olanzapine.
journal_name
CNS Drugsjournal_title
CNS drugsauthors
Matza LS,Baker TM,Revicki DAdoi
10.2165/00023210-200519060-00003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
499-515issue
6eissn
1172-7047issn
1179-1934pii
1963journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
CNS DRUGS文献大全abstract::Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug that has a broad spectrum of antiseizure effects, which appear to be the result of several neurostabilising pharmacological mechanisms. These include blockade of ion channels, potentiation of GABA neuroinhibition and glutamate receptor antagonism at non-NMDA receptors, as well as mi...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200317130-00007
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregabalin, the pharmacologically active S-enantiomer of 3-aminomethyl-5-methylhexanoic acid, possesses anticonvulsant activity. Pregabalin binds with high affinity and specificity to voltage-gated calcium channel alpha(2)-delta proteins. The putative mechanism of action of the drug is reduced excitatory neurotransmit...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200519030-00007
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the beginning of the AIDS pandemic, affective disorders (such as depressed mood) were seen in a considerable number of HIV-1-infected individuals. These disorders were a result of the poor physical condition of the patients, brain involvement by the virus (e.g. encephalopathy) or a reaction to disadvantageous livin...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200620060-00005
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses comprise a group of neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders caused by mutations in at least 13 different genes and primarily affect the brain and the retina of children or young adults. The disorders are characterized by progressive neurological deterioration with dementia, epi...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-019-00620-8
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An explosion in antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy began in the 1990s with the licensing of 9 new chemical entities and more to come. Important differences between AEDs may not be detected by regulatory trials, which are designed to satisfy licensing requirements and often diverge considerably from everyday clinical pra...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200115010-00001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cognitive impairment is prevalent and debilitating among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). While many pharmacologic treatments have shown good efficacy in reducing clinical relapses, brain lesions, and improving certain physical symptoms, their efficacy for improving cognitive function is not well unde...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00734-4
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is diagnosed retrospectively and involves a clinical course characterized by a progressive accumulation of neurological disability, independent of relapses, following an initial relapsing-remitting (RR) phase. Our incomplete understanding of the pathological mechanisms u...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0340-9
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitoxantrone (Novantrone), a synthetic anthracenedione derivative, is an antineoplastic, immunomodulatory agent. Its presumed mechanism of action in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is via immunomodulatory mechanisms, although these remain to be fully elucidated. Intravenous mitoxantrone treatment improved neurol...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200418060-00010
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postherpetic neuralgia, which occurs most typically in older persons, is one of the most common and serious complications of herpes zoster (or shingles). It is a chronic neuropathic pain syndrome and remains one of the most difficult pain disorders to treat. Known beneficial agents include antidepressants, antiepilept...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200317110-00001
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, recurrent mental disease that causes serious disability. Because currently available antidepressants have limited efficacy with respect to response and remission in patients with MDD, clinicians must choose the best available treatment interventions for patients who do not...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-012-0032-z
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, several new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been licensed: felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin and zonisamide. These drugs have proven efficacy as add-on therapy in patients with difficult-to-treat partial epilepsy, as 20-50% of patients ...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200317060-00003
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the efficacy and tolerability of zolmitriptan 2.5 mg oral tablet as an acute treatment for menstrual migraine attacks. METHODS:This was a two-phase, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group outpatient study (Phase I is reported here). The study was conducted at 2...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00023210-200620120-00005
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kynurenine pathway constitutes the main route of tryptophan degradation and generates the production of several neuroactive compounds; quinolinic acid is an excitotoxic NMDA receptor agonist, 3-hydroxykynurenine is a free-radical generator and kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an antagonist at glutamate and nicotinic recep...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200923020-00001
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of pediatric migraine remains an unmet medical need. There continues to be a paucity of pediatric randomized controlled trials for the treatment of migraine, both in the acute and preventive settings. Pediatric studies are often complicated by high placebo-response rates and much of our current practice is b...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0375-y
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia is a long-term psychiatric disorder that impacts important mental functions and requires indefinite treatment, as well as psychosocial and economic support. The introduction of chlorpromazine, the first antipsychotic, and the subsequent development of a long list of similar dopamine-blocking antipsychoti...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-018-0588-3
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal, Timox) is structurally related to carbamazepine and has anticonvulsant activity. Studies suggest that the anticonvulsant activity of oxcarbazepine is mediated via the blocking of neuronal ion channels. In patients aged <18 years, the efficacy of oxcarbazepine monotherapy was similar to that o...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00023210-200418010-00006
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Risperidone (Risperdal), a psychotropic atypical antipsychotic agent, is thought to act via dopamine D(2) and serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonism. The clinical efficacy of oral risperidone in the treatment of bipolar mania and schizophrenia in adult patients is well established. In the US, risperidone is also appro...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00023210-200822030-00006
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Earlier commencement of clozapine has been related to a better response in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES:To identify variables that predict clozapine use after a first episode of schizophrenia (FES). METHODS:Patients with FES and ≤15 days of lifetime antipsychotic treatment were followed up...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0358-z
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epileptic encephalopathy is defined as a condition where the epileptic activity itself may contribute to the severe neurological and cognitive impairment seen, over and above that which would be expected from the underlying pathology alone. The epilepsy syndromes at high risk of this are a disparate group of condition...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-013-0041-6
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bipolar depression is the predominant abnormal mood state in bipolar disorder. However, despite the key pertinence of this phase of the condition, the focus of research and indeed of clinical interest in the management of bipolar disorder has been mainly on mania. Bipolar depression has been largely neglected, and ear...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200317010-00002
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The original article can be found online. ...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s40263-018-0561-1
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the relationship between the sustained pain free (SPF) and adverse event (AE) rates associated with six oral serotonin 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonists (triptans) used for the treatment of acute migraine, employing data from a previous meta-analysis (that included almotriptan, eletriptan, naratriptan, ...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00023210-200721010-00006
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dravet syndrome (DS) is one of the most severe forms of drug-resistant epilepsy and available interventions fail to control seizures in most patients. Cannabidiol (CBD) is the first in a new class of antiepileptic drugs with a distinctive chemical structure and mechanism of action. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00708-6
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral fingolimod (Gilenya™), a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist, is the first oral agent and the first in a novel class of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) to be approved for use in the US for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). In the EU, fingolimod is approved for use as a sin...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11207350-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Atomoxetine is commonly used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with a broad range of cognitive abilities. We examined the association between level of cognitive functioning as determined by IQ and clinical response during treatment with atomoxetine. METHODS:The records of ...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11590450-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Varenicline (Chantix, Champix) is an orally administered alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist that is indicated as an aid to smoking cessation. Varenicline was an effective aid to smoking cessation and was generally well tolerated in clinical trials, although more data are needed regarding the ...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11204710-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although levodopa is considered the most effective pharmacotherapy for motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), chronic use is associated with motor complications, including fluctuating response and unpredictable, involuntary movements called dyskinesia. ADS-5102 (amantadine) extended-release (ER) capsule...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s40263-018-0498-4
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::All antipsychotics, including the atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), may cause tardive dyskinesia (TD), a potentially irreversible movement disorder, the pathophysiology of which is currently unknown. The prevention and treatment of TD remain major challenges for clinicians. We conducted a PubMed search to review the pre...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-018-0494-8
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is the most frequently occurring neurobiological disorder in childhood and is defined by symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity that are excessive when compared with other individuals at the same developmental level. ADHD can be successfully trea...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-013-0130-6
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A recent large database analysis raised concerns of potential acute kidney injury (AKI) risk associated with antipsychotics. However, whether individual atypical and typical antipsychotics are associated with differential AKI risks has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE:The current study compared the risks of...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40263-017-0421-4
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00