Abstract:
:Several lines of evidence suggest that chronic heart failure is a state of chronic inflammation. Indeed, various pro-inflammatory markers, including the cytokines TNF-alpha, and interleukin 6 and 1, are activated in the course of the disease. In chronic heart failure, these substances are frequently induced even before the classical neurohormones angiotensin II and noradrenaline. Although the recently published anti-TNF-alpha trials with etanercept and infliximab have called the beneficial effects of targeting single cytokines into question, the overactive immune system remains a promising target for therapeutic interventions, which aim at slowing down disease progression. Broader approaches are required. These comprise targeting bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) that enters the circulation through the oedematous gut wall, immune modulation therapy with patient-derived whole blood exposed to oxidative stress, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (the so-called statins) and a number of other substances including pentoxifylline and thalidomide.
journal_name
Expert Opin Investig Drugsjournal_title
Expert opinion on investigational drugsauthors
von Haehling S,Anker SDdoi
10.1517/13543784.14.2.163subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-02-01 00:00:00pages
163-76issue
2eissn
1354-3784issn
1744-7658journal_volume
14pub_type
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journal_title:Expert opinion on investigational drugs
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