Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To estimate the cost-effectiveness of introducing hepatitis B vaccine into routine infant immunization services in Mozambique, which took place in the year 2001. METHODS:A decision analytic model was used to estimate the impact of hepatitis B vaccination. This model was developed for the WHO to estimate the global burden of disease from hepatitis B. Cost data of vaccine delivery and medical treatment related to hepatitis B infection were collected for the analysis. FINDINGS:The introduction of hepatitis B vaccine has increased the annual budget for immunization services by approximately 56%. It is predicted that more than 4000 future deaths are averted annually by the intervention. In the base case scenario, the incremental costs per undiscounted deaths averted amount to US$436, and the costs per undiscounted DALY averted amount to US$36. Since the major impact of hepatitis B vaccination will not start to be evident for at least another 40 years (deaths from hepatitis B mainly occur between 40-60 years of age), the cost per DALY averted rises to US$47, when using a discount rate of 3% on health effects. We found that the monovalent hepatitis B vaccine was considerably more cost-effective than the hepatitis B vaccine in combination with DTP. INTERPRETATION:If policy makers value future health benefits equal to current benefits, the cost-effectiveness of infant hepatitis B vaccination is in the range of other primary health care interventions for which similar analysis has been undertaken.
journal_name
Health Policy Planjournal_title
Health policy and planningauthors
Griffiths UK,Hutton G,Das Dores Pascoal Edoi
10.1093/heapol/czi006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
50-9issue
1eissn
0268-1080issn
1460-2237pii
20/1/50journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Two assumptions underpin much of the literature that has examined the links between HIV/AIDS and security: (1) that HIV/AIDS is now firmly established as an international security issue; and (2) that Resolution 1308, adopted by the UN Security Council in July 2000, was the decisive moment in the securitization process...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czq051
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::When seeking to ensure financial sustainability of a health programme, existence of a line item in the Ministry of Health (MOH) budget is often seen as an essential, first step. We used immunization as a reference point for cross-country comparison of budgeting methods in Sub-Saharan African countries. Study objective...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czaa040
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The scale and severity of the impact of the global HIV/AIDS pandemic on low-income countries, mainly those in sub-Saharan Africa, is almost unimaginable to people in high-income countries. There is a particularly pressing need to understand better how to ensure the translation into policy and practice of important res...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/17.2.196
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Distributional economic evaluation estimates the value for money of health interventions in terms of population health and health equity impacts. When applied to interventions delivered at the population and health system-level interventions (PSIs) instead of clinical interventions, additional practical and methodolog...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czaa181
更新日期:2020-12-31 00:00:00
abstract::Financial protection should be the principal objective of any health system. Commonly used indicators for financial protection are out-of-pocket (OOP) payments as a share of total health expenditure and the amount of households driven into poverty by catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs). In the last decade, OOP hea...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czt002
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many countries have expanded insurance programmes in an effort to achieve universal health coverage (UHC). We assess a complementary path toward financial risk protection: increased access to technologies that improve health and reduce the risk of large health expenditures. Malawi has provided free HIV treatment since...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czaa023
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Afghanistan has one of the highest rates of maternal mortality in the world. We assess the health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of strategies to improve the safety of pregnancy and childbirth in Afghanistan. METHODS:Using national and sub-national data, we adapted a previously validated model that simulat...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czs026
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper explores the nature and type of policy transfer promoted by global health partnerships to facilitate access to medication in Cameroon and the associated implementation challenges. Using concepts from policy transfer, multi-level governance and the politics of scale, the paper conceptualizes the social space...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czq018
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The individual impacts of several components of family planning service quality on contraceptive use have been studied, but the influence of a composite measure synthesizing these components has not been often investigated. We (1) develop a composite score for family planning service quality based on health facility d...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czy058
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Coverage of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in sub-Saharan Africa is still low despite their proven efficacy, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Delivery systems for ITNs have been hotly debated, but there has been no structured approach to assessing their relative effectiveness. This paper aims to: pro...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/heapol/czm021
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Integrating mental health with general medical care can increase access to mental health services, but requires helping generalists acquire a range of unfamiliar knowledge and master potentially complex diagnostic and treatment processes. METHOD:We describe a model for integrating complex specialty care wit...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czu058
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) has been adopted by over 80 countries as a strategy for reducing child mortality and improving child health and development. It includes complementary interventions designed to address the major causes of child mortality at community, health facility, and health system...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czh001
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 2014-16 West Africa Ebola epidemic was a watershed moment for global health. The outbreak galvanized global action around strengthening infectious disease prevention, detection and response capabilities. We examined the nascent landscape of international programmes, initiatives and institutions established in the ...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czy102
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Concerns about appropriate pricing strategies and the high market share of subsidized condoms prompted Population Services International (PSI)/Myanmar to adopt a total market approach (TMA). This article presents data on the size and composition of the Myanmar condom market, identifies inefficiencies and rec...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czu056
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Past efforts to promote family planning in Pakistan have been disappointing, but between 1990-91 and 2000-01 contraceptive use has more than doubled. This rise has coincided with a concerted effort on the part of the Pakistani government to increase access to contraceptive services, particularly in rural areas. The La...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czi014
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Vietnam, as in many other countries, tuberculosis (TB) control has long been organized exclusively within the public health-care system. However, recently the private health-care sector has become more important and private health-care providers currently have a role in TB care delivery in Vietnam. Through a retros...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/16.1.47
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mental disorders account for a significant and growing proportion of the global burden of disease and yet remain a low priority for public financing in health systems globally. In many low-income countries, formal mental health services are paid for directly by patients out-of-pocket and in middle-income countries und...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/heapol/czl004
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa face the problem of organizing health service delivery in a manner that provides adequate quality and coverage of health care to their populations against a background of economic recession and limited resources. In response to these challenges, different governments, including tha...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/14.1.59
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The persistently low quality and inadequacy of health services provided in public facilities has made the private sector an unavoidable choice for consumers of health care in Nigeria. Ineffective state regulation, however, has meant little control over the clinical activities of private sector providers while the pric...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/14.2.174
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subsequent to recommendations from the 1994 United Nations International Conference on Population and Development, and given recent findings outlining the links between control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and a reduction in HIV incidence, many countries are now seeking to establish STI control programmes...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/13.2.121
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditional medicine is commonly assumed to be a crucial health care option for poor households in developing countries. However, little research has been done in Asia to quantify the reliance on traditional medicine and its determinants. This research contributes to filling in this knowledge gap using household surve...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czv060
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In most settings, a 'public' health service refers to a service which belongs to the state. The term 'private' is used when health care is delivered by individuals and/or institutions not administered by the state. In this paper it is argued that such a distinction, which is based on the institutional or administrativ...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/12.3.193
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Chile, workers are mandated to choose either public or private health insurance coverage. Although private insurance premiums depend on health risk, public insurance premiums are solely linked to income. This structure implies that individuals with higher health risks may tend to avoid private insurance, leaving th...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czt017
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last 20 years Lao People's Democratic Republic has successfully developed and adopted some 30 health policies, strategies, decrees and laws in the field of health. Still, the implementation process remains arduous. This article aims at discussing challenges of health policy development and effective impleme...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/heapol/czu017
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Existing accountability efforts in Nigeria primarily serve as retrospective policing. To enable accountability to guide change prospectively and preemptively, we drew from a literature review to develop a framework that highlights mutually reinforcing dimensions of accountability in health systems along three counterb...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czw057
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most government health facilities in Cambodia perform poorly, due to lack of funds, inadequate management and inefficient use of resources, but mostly due to poor motivation of staff. This paper describes contracting as a possible tool for Ministries of Health to improve health service delivery more rapidly than the m...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/18.1.74
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::National Health Accounts (NHA) are an important tool to demonstrate how a country's health resources are spent, on what services, and who pays for them. NHA are used by policy-makers for monitoring health expenditure patterns; policy instruments to re-orientate the pattern can then be further introduced. The National ...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/14.4.342
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination, like most other public health services, relies on a complex package of intervention components, functioning systems and committed actors to achieve universal coverage. Despite significant investment in immunization programmes, national coverage trends have slowed and equity gaps have grown. This paper des...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czaa127
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Integration of health services has been pursued worldwide. Diversity in integration approaches and in the contexts in which integrated programmes operate, however, hinders comparative analysis of care integration in both high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study evaluates an...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czz111
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2006, in response to the high maternal mortality, driven largely by unsafe abortions, the government of Ghana, in partnership with other organizations, launched the reducing maternal mortality and morbidity (R3M) programme in seven districts in Greater Accra, Ashanti and Eastern, to improve comprehensive abortion c...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czu105
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00