Abstract:
:Bayesian methods are proposed for analysing matched case-control studies in which a binary exposure variable is sometimes measured with error, but whose correct values have been validated for a random sample of the matched case-control sets. Three models are considered. Model 1 makes few assumptions other than randomness and independence between matched sets, while Models 2 and 3 are logistic models, with Model 3 making additional distributional assumptions about the variation between matched sets. With Models 1 and 2 the data are examined in two stages. The first stage analyses data from the validation sample and is easy to perform; the second stage analyses the main body of data and requires MCMC methods. All relevant information is transferred between the stages by using the posterior distributions from the first stage as the prior distributions for the second stage. With Model 3, a hierarchical structure is used to model the relationship between the exposure probabilities of the matched sets, which gives the potential to extract more information from the data. All the methods that are proposed are generalized to studies in which there is more than one control for each case. The Bayesian methods and a maximum likelihood method are applied to a data set for which the exposure of every patient was measured using both an imperfect measure that is subject to misclassification, and a much better measure whose classifications may be treated as correct. To test methods, the latter information was suppressed for all but a random sample of matched sets.
journal_name
Stat Medjournal_title
Statistics in medicineauthors
Prescott GJ,Garthwaite PHdoi
10.1002/sim.2000subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-02-15 00:00:00pages
379-401issue
3eissn
0277-6715issn
1097-0258journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Results from an analysis of traffic accidents from a study of the police records of four police stations in the Bangkok metropolis are presented. The main emphasis in this study was put on the development of a measure for traffic accident density. The traffic flow was estimated at the various study locations by traine...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780142113
更新日期:1995-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Comparative Poisson trials of prophylactic interventions, such as vaccines, can be lengthy and costly. We evaluate two easily implemented approaches to reduce numbers of disease cases and person years of follow up (N(u+t)) for comparative Poisson trials with fixed numbers of cases (T); (i) altering k the portion of N(...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1724
更新日期:2004-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Models for infant growth have usually been based on parametric forms, commonly an exponential or similar model, which have been shown to fit poorly especially during the first year of life. An alternative approach is to use a non-parametric model, based on a shape invariant model (SIM), where a single function is tran...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2718
更新日期:2007-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::A method for detecting deviations from the Loewe additive drug combination reference model for in vitro drug combination experimentation is described. It is often difficult to fit a response surface model to drug combination data, especially in situations where the experimental design contains a sparse set of combinat...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.5905
更新日期:2013-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Weak measurement of epidemiologic exposures is an impediment to appreciation of the effects of those exposures. This paper discusses two strategies to assess the true effects of weakly measured exposure. The first is to use external information about the extent of mismeasurement to adjust estimates of the effects of e...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780080904
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a new approach to training back-propagation artificial neural nets (BP-ANN) based on regularization and cross-validation and on initialization by a logistic regression (LR) model. The new approach is expected to produce a BP-ANN predictor at least as good as the LR-based one. We have applied the approach to...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1107
更新日期:2002-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::We consider the design of both cohort and case-control studies in which an initial ('stage 1') sample of complete data on an error-free disease indicator (D), a correct ('gold standard') dichotomous exposure measurement (X) and an error-prone exposure measurement (Z) are available. We calculate the amount of additiona...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780142307
更新日期:1995-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::We consider using observational data to estimate the effect of a treatment on disease recurrence, when the decision to initiate treatment is based on longitudinal factors associated with the risk of recurrence. The effect of salvage androgen deprivation therapy (SADT) on the risk of recurrence of prostate cancer is in...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4017
更新日期:2010-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::We consider counting process methods for analysing time-to-event data with multiple or recurrent outcomes, using the models developed by Anderson and Gill, Wei, Lin and Weissfeld and Prentice, Williams and Peterson. We compare the methods, and show how to implement them using popular statistical software programs. By ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19970930)16:18<2029::aid-s
更新日期:1997-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Variation in heart disease (HD) mortality rates across census tracts is greater than expected given binomial error and available explanatory variables. We extended an extra-binomial variation model for rates standardized by the direct method. The overdispersion parameter accounted for 36 per cent of the observed varia...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780091009
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this work, we describe a two-stage sampling design to estimate the infection prevalence in a population. In the first stage, an imperfect diagnostic test was performed on a random sample of the population. In the second stage, a different imperfect test was performed in a stratified random sample of the first sampl...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.6545
更新日期:2015-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we discuss family-based association test (FBATs) relating genetic data to survival and time-to-onset data. We show how the standard logrank and Wilcoxon statistics can be used with family data to develop tests of association. We prove that the FBAT-logrank approach can be identical to the proportional h...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1707
更新日期:2004-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Regression to the mean arises often in statistical applications where the units chosen for study relate to some observed characteristic in the extreme of its distribution. Gardner and Heady attribute the effect of regression to the mean to measurement errors. They assume the model Yi = U + ei, where U is a fixed withi...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780100812
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In survival analyses, inverse-probability-of-treatment (IPT) and inverse-probability-of-censoring (IPC) weighted estimators of parameters in marginal structural Cox models are often used to estimate treatment effects in the presence of time-dependent confounding and censoring. In most applications, a robust variance e...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7823
更新日期:2018-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Predicting an individual's risk of experiencing a future clinical outcome is a statistical task with important consequences for both practicing clinicians and public health experts. Modern observational databases such as electronic health records provide an alternative to the longitudinal cohort studies traditionally ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.6526
更新日期:2015-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::Immigration-death models are proposed to analyse the infection dynamics in longitudinal studies of panels of heavily parasitized human hosts where parasites have been typed at regular intervals by PCR. Immigration refers to the acquisition of a new parasitic genotype, occurring at rate lambda, and death refers to the ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2189
更新日期:2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Methodology for causal inference based on propensity scores has been developed and popularized in the last two decades. However, the majority of the methodology has concentrated on binary treatments. Only recently have these methods been extended to settings with multi-valued treatments. We propose a number of discret...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2095
更新日期:2005-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::One is often interested in the ratio of two variables, for example in genetics, assessing drug effectiveness, and in health economics. In this paper, we derive an explicit geometric solution to the general problem of identifying the two tangents from an arbitrary external point to an ellipse. This solution permits num...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3398
更新日期:2008-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Health surveillance involves collecting public health data on chronic and infectious diseases to detect changes in disease incidence rates in order to improve public health. Timely detection of disease clusters is essential in prospective public health surveillance. Most existing health surveillance research is based ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3877
更新日期:2011-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Two features commonly exhibited by randomized trials of health promotion interventions are cluster randomization and stratification. Ignoring correlations between individuals within clusters can lead to an inflated type I error rate and hence a P-value which overstates the significance of the result. This paper compar...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1256
更新日期:2002-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::A measure of similarity for response curves is presented and its potential use is discussed. The distribution of a suitable test statistic for testing the independence of the course of two curves is derived. The method proposed is compared with other proposals in the literature for the analysis of paired response curv...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780081112
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-tumor cell-based model systems have recently gained interest in pharmacogenetic research as a hypothesis generating tool. The hypotheses generated from these model systems can be followed up in functional studies, or tested in individuals taking the same investigational agents. The current cellular phenotypes (e.g...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3649
更新日期:2009-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::A three-component, competing-risk mortality model, developed for animal survival data, fits human life table data for all ages over a range of mean life spans from 16 to 74 years. The competing risks are a novel exponentially-decreasing hazard, dominant during immaturity; a constant hazard, dominant during adulthood; ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780020309
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much has been published on various aspects of data analysis and reporting from clinical trials within the biopharmaceutical environment. This ranges from regulatory guidelines on the format and content of registration dossiers to recommendations on data presentation and the statistical methodologies that are appropria...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19980815/30)17:15/16<1829:
更新日期:1998-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::In a medical study we are often interested in graphically displaying the relationship between continuous variables and clinical events indicating disease progression. Often, it is reasonable to make the minimal assumption that the risk of progression is an arbitrary monotone function of the continuous variable. Someti...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1561
更新日期:2003-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents combinatorial (exact) methods that are useful in the analysis of disease cluster data obtained from small environments, such as buildings and neighbourhoods. Maxwell-Boltzmann and Fermi-Dirac occupancy models are compared in terms of appropriateness of representation of disease incidence patterns (...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780121906
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various R(2) statistics have been proposed for logistic regression to quantify the extent to which the binary response can be predicted by a given logistic regression model and covariates. We study the asymptotic properties of three popular variance-based R(2) statistics. We find that two variance-based R(2) statistic...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2300
更新日期:2006-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Competing compartment models of different complexities have been used for the quantitative analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging data. We present a spatial elastic net approach that allows to estimate the number of compartments for each voxel such that the model complexity is not fixed a pri...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.5997
更新日期:2014-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::The semi-Markov assumption emphasizes the importance of time spent in a state. In order to compute this type of multistate model, most transition times are always considered to be exactly identified or right censored. However, in the longitudinal analysis of chronic diseases, investigators are often confronted with in...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3100
更新日期:2007-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::In many community-based studies on the incidence of dementia, a target population is screened and a subsample is clinically evaluated at baseline and follow-up. Incidence rates are affected by missed cases at both exams and this complicates the estimation of these rates. Recent work proposes a regression-based techniq...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(20000615/30)19:11/12<1577:
更新日期:2000-06-15 00:00:00