Abstract:
:We evaluate the hardness of foods consumed by sympatric Cercopithecus ascanius (redtail guenons) and Lophocebus albigena (grey-cheeked mangabeys), and consider how selection might operate to influence foraging adaptations. Since L. albigena has among the thickest dental enamel in extant primates and is commonly referred to as a hard-object consumer, we predicted that their diet would be harder than that of the guenon. Data on diet and food hardness (as measured by resistance to puncture and crushing) were collected between June-October of 1997 at Kibale National Park, Uganda, and were compared to similar data collected in Kibale between 1991-1994. Contrary to what we predicted, there was no difference in dietary hardness when the puncture resistance of all fruit consumed by the two species was compared (31 tree species in both study periods). However, in June-October 1997, L. albigena exploited a diet more resistant to puncture and crushing than C. ascanius. This difference is largely explained by the higher percentage of bark and seeds consumed by the L. albigena during this period. We suggest that it is the difference in the mechanical properties of fallback foods during critical periods that may have served as the selective pressure for thick enamel in L. albigena.
journal_name
Am J Phys Anthropoljournal_title
American journal of physical anthropologyauthors
Lambert JE,Chapman CA,Wrangham RW,Conklin-Brittain NLdoi
10.1002/ajpa.10403subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-12-01 00:00:00pages
363-8issue
4eissn
0002-9483issn
1096-8644journal_volume
125pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Additional fossil Theropithecus remains, recovered from mid to late Pleistocene deposits near Hopefield , South Africa, include portions of the jaws of at least five individuals. Extensive comparisons with fossil Theropithecus from other African sites, including Makapan , Swartkrans , Kanjera , Olorgesailie , and Oldu...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330630408
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently spatial autocorrelation has been employed to infer microevolutionary processes from patterns of genetic variation. In theory, different processes should show characteristic signature correlograms; e.g., clinal selection should produce correlograms decreasing from positive to negative autocorrelation, whereas ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330950403
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) and hematocrit (Hct) were measured in 303 male Quechua children and adults, aged 6 to 57 years, living a lifestyle as traditional pastoralists and horticulturalists at a mean altitude of 4,200 m in the Southern Peruvian Andes. Values for RBC, [Hb], and Hct in...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330610310
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Histomorphometric studies show consistent links between physical activity patterns and the microstructure underlying the size and shape of bone. Here, we adopt a combined bone approach to explore variation in microstructure of ribs and humeri related to physical activity and historical records of manual labo...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23853
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Differences in dental caries prevalence between males and females is considered a reflection of diet. However, recent syntheses argue that sex-specific variation in dental caries prevalence also reflects changes in the oral cavity attributable to variation in reproductive life histories. This study explores ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.24034
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied patterns of genetic relatedness and paternity in moustached tamarins, small Neotropical primates living in groups of 1-4 adult males and 1-4 adult females. Generally only one female per group breeds, mating with more than one male. Twin birth are the norm. In order to examine the genetic consequences of thi...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20136
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pair was used to analyze the frequency of insertion of the first described, nonhuman, baboon-specific Alu repetitive element in populations from the Papio hamadryas anubis and the Papio hamadryas hamadryas subspecies, and from a number of anubis-hamadryas hybrids. The Alu...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199905)109:1<1::AID-AJPA1>
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study aims to evaluate the use of quantitative methods of measuring variation in scalp hair fiber shape and pigmentation and carry out exploratory data analysis on a limited sample of individuals from diverse populations in order to inform future avenues of research for the evolution of modern human hai...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22971
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In comparing long-bone cross-sectional geometric properties between individuals, percentages of bone length are often used to identify equivalent locations along the diaphysis. In fragmentary specimens where bone lengths cannot be measured, however, these locations must be estimated more indirectly. In this study, we ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21153
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Life history theory posits that, as long as survival is assured, finite resources are available for reproduction, maintenance, and growth/storage. To maximize lifetime reproductive success, resources are subject to trade-offs both within individuals and between current and future investment. For women, reproducing is ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21621
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skin coloration in indigenous peoples is strongly related to levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). In this study, the relationships of skin reflectance to seasonal UVR levels and other environmental variables were investigated, with the aim of determining which variables contributed most significantly to skin reflect...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10263
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large body size has been traditionally seen as the primary dietary adaptation of gorillas, facilitating their consumption of fibrous foods (Schaller ¿1963 The Mountain Gorilla; Watts ¿1990 Int. J. Primatol. 11:21-45). Nevertheless, recent research has emphasized frugivory among western lowland gorillas, as well as the...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(2000)112:2<171::AID-AJPA4>
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trace elements in the dental enamel of 43 prehistoric Indians from Illinois, Maryland and Virginia show concentration differences by age, sex and geographical locality. Sample areas on an incisor or first molar were blocked off with paraffin, washed twice with distilled water and etched 7 times with 6N HCl. An optical...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330450334
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to identify the presence of degenerative spondylolisthesis in adult Native American skeletons recovered from prehistoric and historic Pueblo sites in New Mexico. The vertebral columns of 491 individuals that were complete enough to allow the necessary observations produced 64 cases, wit...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1125
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pursuant to his major research interest in the cultural ecology of hunter-gatherers, Birdsell collected an unparalleled body of phenotypic data on Aboriginal Australians during the mid twentieth century. Birdsell did not explicitly relate the geographic patterning in his data to Australia's climatic variation, instead...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20640
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We present a study of skeletal damage to four chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) infanticide victims from Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Skeletal analysis may provide insight into the adaptive significance of infanticide by examining whether nutritional benefits sufficiently explain infanticidal behavior. The nutr...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23335
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Human walking involves out-of-phase axial rotations of the thorax and pelvis. It has long been believed that this rotational capability is a distinctive feature of the genus Homo. However, Thompson et al. (2015) showed that chimpanzees also counter-rotate their thorax relative to the pelvis during bipedal wa...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.24136
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An intergroup comparison of cephalometric landmark configurations by the finite-element method elegantly depicts the algebra of some of the size and shape change measures that one may define by reference to those landmarks. In studies of mean differences between groups, the statistical analysis of these finite element...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330740408
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study is to demonstrate advantages of principal component analysis (PCA) as a standardized procedure in the evaluation of osteoarthritis (OA) in a skeletal series to: (1) compute aggregate scores for joint complexes that accurately capture pathological expression, (2) reveal which variabl...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23130
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mean cranial capacities of 50 male and 50 female Zulu crania were found to be 1373.3 +/- 107.4 ml for males and 1251.2 +/- 101.1 ml for females (means +/- SD). The male value resembles that of other Negro groups, while the female value is somewhat higher than the value for Negro crania as a whole. The index of sex...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330710304
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Latex rubber brain endocasts of solo I, V, VI, X, and XI crania were prepared in order to determine accurate volumes by H2O-displacement and morphological description. The new volumes are not markedly different from previous estimates that had been done by mensuration formulae. The mean volume is 1,151 ml. The endocas...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330530213
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Depicting past epidemics currently relies on DNA-based detection of pathogens, an approach limited to pathogens with well-preserved DNA sequences. We used paleoserology as a complementary approach detecting specific antibodies under a mini line-blot format including positive and negative control antigens. M...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.24138
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most common live-born human aneuploidy is trisomy 21, which causes Down syndrome (DS). Dosage imbalance of genes on chromosome 21 (Hsa21) affects complex gene-regulatory interactions and alters development to produce a wide range of phenotypes, including characteristic facial dysmorphology. Little is known about h...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22255
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cross-sectional geometrical (CSG) properties of an Iron Age Samnite group from the Alfedena necropolis (Abruzzo, Italy, 2600-2400 B.P.) are compared with a Ligurian Neolithic sample (6000-5500 B.P.). In the period under examination, Samnites were organized in a tribal confederation led by patrilinear aristocracies, in...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21377
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hominid fossil teeth are analyzed in terms of size and shape and contrasted with teeth from a modern population to determine boundaries that can be placed on a reconstruction of the hominid phylogeny. Teeth alone are considered as they are the only material preserved in large enough quantities to measure population va...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330420115
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is commonly stated that the ischia of the late Pliocence-early Pleistocene hominid fossils are long and ape-like, new interpretations show this view to be falacious. An important new theory proposed by Robinson concludes that the gracile form of early hominid was an efficient biped, but the robust form was...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330430107
更新日期:1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Sex is usually not estimated in skeletonized non-adult individuals because sexual dimorphism is considered minimal before puberty. In 2017, a new approach based on the shape of the auricular surface was proposed, showing that this anatomic area of the ilium is dimorphic. This study tests the reproducibility ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.24012
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a comprehensive empirical analysis of the factors affecting growth and psychological development of over 100 infants from birth to age 6 months in the Embu region of Kenya. The analysis was divided into four parts. First, infants' birth weight, and length and head circumference as measured few days...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200001)111:1<89::AID-AJPA6
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates evidence of changes and continuities in ancient Maya violence and warfare in inland northwest Yucatan, Mexico from the Middle Preclassic (600-300 BC) to the Postclassic (AD 1050-1542) through bioarchaeological analysis of cranial and projectile trauma. It is hypothesized that the frequency of v...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22490
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ontogenetic samples of endocranial volumes (EVs) from great apes and humans are critical for understanding the evolution of the brain growth pattern in the hominin lineage. However, high quality ontogenetic data are scarce, especially for nonhuman primates. Here, we provide original data derived from an osteological c...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21641
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00