Abstract:
PURPOSE:To review microbial contamination rates about preparation of individual and batch doses using aseptic techniques within pharmaceutical (controlled) and clinical (ward and theatre) environments. METHODS:Systematic review, involving amalgamation of data using a random effect model and metaanalysis. RESULTS:A total of 19 studies from 17 reports (7277 doses), mostly single arm studies, were identified for analysis. The overall contamination rates for doses prepared in clinical environments were found to be 5.0% (95% CI; 1.8%, 13.1%, n = 8 studies) for individual doses and 2.0% (95% CI; 0.3%, 13.1%; n = 5) for doses prepared as part of a batch. Rates for doses prepared in pharmaceutical environments were found to be 1.9% (95% CI; 0.8%, 4.2%; n = 5) for individual doses and 0.0% (95% CI; 0.0%, 0.8%; n= 1) for doses prepared as part of a batch. The results indicate greater overall contamination rates of doses prepared in clinical than pharmaceutical environments, in those prepared individually than in batch preparation, and in those in which additions rather than no additions were made. Significant differences were only found between pharmaceutical and clinical environments for batch doses, and between batch and individual doses prepared in a pharmaceutical environment. The studies differed substantially in sample size, interventions and comparison conditions, especially in the clinical setting. The quality of the data was judged to be low. CONCLUSION:Contamination rates in clinical and pharmaceutical environments were commonly found to be unacceptably high. Intuitive recommendations for reducing contamination rates by carrying out the procedures in a pharmaceutical environment using batch doses are supported by an evidence base that needs to be strengthened further.
journal_name
J Pharm Pharm Sciauthors
Austin PD,Elia Mdoi
10.18433/j3jp4bsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
233-42issue
2issn
1482-1826journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析,评审abstract:PURPOSE:The gastrointestinal damage induced by xenobiotics is occurring more frequently and with greater toxicological significance than previously thought. Although there are some preliminary clinical studies and reports, there does not appear to be an extensive examination of gastrointestinal toxicity of various chem...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cannabis has been used for its medicinal purposes since ancient times. Its consumption leads to the activation of Cannabis receptors CB1 and CB2 that, through specific mechanisms can lead to modulation and progression of inflammation or repair. The novel findings are linked to the medical use of Cannabis in gastrointe...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18433/jpps31242
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To study the influence of inspiratory flow rate on the fine particle mass and the particle size distribution for metered dose inhaler (MDI) and dry powder inhaler (DPI) glucocorticoid products, in vitro. To compare the performance of MDI and DPI inhalers containing the same drug and strength at an impaction flo...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Years after the first report on 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines (1,2,3,4-THPMs) appeared, they are revisited as plausible therapeutic agents. This is mainly due to the convenient methods that exist for their synthesis and the diverse pharmacologic properties that these scaffolds prese...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.18433/j3q01v
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Inhalation anesthetics have been shown to have electrical suppressant effects on excitable membranes such as the cardiac conduction system. Therefore, the anesthetized patient or laboratory animal may respond differently to cardiac drugs when compared with their conscious counterparts. The purpose of this ...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to determine if Disodium Ascorbyl Phytostanol Phosphates (FM-VP4) alters animal body weight and plasma lipid levels in a dietary-induced obese mouse model. METHODS:Twenty-four C57BL6 mice (28 days old) were housed individually and fed a standard mouse diet for 2 weeks upon arrival...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-08-24 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the inhibitory activity of active compounds isolated from Cinnamomum cassia bark against lens aldose reductase and compare to that of three commercially available compounds (cinnamyl alcohol, trans -cinnamic acid, and eugenol) and quercitrin as aldose reductase inhibitors. The IC (50) value of cinna...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the possible mechanism of poor bioavailability of bicyclol, and clarify the respective contribution of P- glycoprotein (P-gp) and Cytochrome 3A (CYP3A). METHODS:Rat in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion and Caco-2 cell monolayer model with selective inhibitors of CYP3A and P-gp were employed. ...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18433/j3b88v
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:A randomized cross-over, double blind placebo controlled study of smoked cannabis was carried out on occasional cannabis smokers. The objective of this research was to describe the pharmacokinetic parameters of THC and its metabolites in plasma, oral fluid and urine, from samples obtained simultaneously to prov...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.18433/J3F31D
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Tramadol Hydrochloride is a widely-used centrally acting analgesic drug, which has some features of being a P-gp substrate. The present study evaluates the functional involvement of P-gp in CNS distribution of tramadol. METHODS:The possible involvement of P-glycoprotein in brain distribution of tramadol was ev...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18433/j3d60r
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatic clearance (CLh) of carvedilol (CAR), which is eliminated via stereoselective metabolism by the CYP2D subfamily of cytochromes P450 (CYPs), was predicted using liver microsomes and hepatocytes from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and CYP2D-deficient Dark Agouti (DA) rats to determine the usefulness of prediction metho...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18433/jpps30237
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Life-threatening fungal infections have increased dramatically in recent decades in immunocompromised patients. An estimated 40% of all deaths from hospital-acquired infections are due to infections caused by opportunistic fungi. The current treatment options are either causing serious toxicity, or becoming inactive a...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18433/j3h010
更新日期:2008-07-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To perform a review describing the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and covariates of interest of the eight first choice β-lactams (BL) antibiotics for treatment of severe infections in pediatric population. Pediatric sepsis and septic shock reportedly affect 30% of children admitted to pediatric intensive ca...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18433/jpps30927
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are commonly administered by subcutaneous (SC) route. However, bioavailability is often reduced after SC administration. In addition, the sequential transfer of mAbs through the SC tissue and lymphatic system is not completely understood. Therefore, major objectives of this study we...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18433/jpps30028
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine the impact of adding droperidol to fentanyl-based intravenous patient- controlled analgesia (IVPCA) on the discontinuation of IVPCA use due to postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). METHODS:Patients who underwent surgeries other than abdominal surgeries and used IVPCA between April 2014 and March...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18433/jpps30902
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:DEET and oxybenzone are two essential active ingredients in repellent and sunscreen products. The percutaneous permeation of the two compounds across human skin from five commercially available repellent and sunscreen products was investigated in vitro. METHODS:Diffusion studies were carried out at 37 degrees ...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To establish structural equation model (SEM) of subjected quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients taking into account qualification of pharmacists. METHOD:The SEM model was constructed from correlation matrix of the scores of answers of questions to both patients and pharmacists. Data were collected from 15 c...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-10-04 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and OATP1B3 contribute to hepatic uptake of numerous drugs. Thus, reduced OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 activity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) may have a major impact on the hepatic clearance of drugs. The effect of drug-uremic toxin interactions on OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 ...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18433/j3m89q
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To develop an HPLC method using fluorescence detection for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of levels of zabofloxacin, a novel broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic, in the plasma, bile and urine of rats. METHODS:A simple reversed-phase HPLC method using a C18 column with fluorescence detection was developed...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18433/j3j592
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Status epilepticus (SE) is characterized by recurrent seizure activity and can be drug- resistant. Knowledge of neuronal and metabolic activity of the brain during SE may be helpful to improve medical care. We here report the effects of three anti-seizure drugs on changes of acetylcholine energy metabolites and...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18433/jpps30439
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of clofibrate on inducing liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1) following a high-fat load in a hepatocyte cell culture model. METHODS:Rat hepatoma cells (CRL-1548) were treated with a fatty acid (FA) mixture consisting of oleate:palmitate (2:1) in the presence of 3% albumin. Cells ...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18433/J3TS70
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive decline in cognition and memory, leading to significant impairment in daily activities and ultimately death. It is the most common cause of dementia, the prevalence of which increases with age; however, age is not the ...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.18433/J3VS8P
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the suitability of an SCMC (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethylene glycol 400/carbopol 934P) and an HPMC (hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose/polyethylene glycol 400/carbopol 934P) films as drug vehicle for buccal delivery. METHODS:The mechanical and in vitro bioadhesive strength properties of th...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microneedles technology has found applications in many health-related fields. For example, their application in drugs and vaccines delivery as well, as the determination of biomarkers, has been reported. They also have a place in the dermatology and cosmetic areas such as the treatment of wounds from burns, scars,...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.18433/jpps29610
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine the inhibitory effects of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) juice towards seven major cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR). METHODS:The inhibitory effects of star fruit juice (0.5 to 5%, v/v) against the activities of seven CYP isoforms including CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18433/j30593
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The preclinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a potent fluoroketolide RBx14255 against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae was compared with telithromycin and human clinical dose was predicted for preclinical development. METHODS:The in vitro pharmacokinetic characterization...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18433/jpps30942
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dry eye disease (DED) is a common inflammatory disorder of the ocular surface. Millions of people are affected by DED worldwide. Lifitegrast is a novel drug designed to inhibit DED-associated ocular inflammation. Four clinical trials have shown that lifitegrast is well tolerated and effective in improving symptoms and...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.18433/jpps29895
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a protein codified by Multi Drug Resistance (MDR1) gene, has a detoxifying function and might influence the toxicity and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. Sampling strategies to improve Pgp studies could be useful to optimize the sensitivity and the reproducibility of efflux assays....
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18433/j34g69
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim of the study was the prediction of human intestinal permeability and fraction absorbed of oral dose using single-pass intestinal perfusion technique (SPIP) in rats. METHODS:Permeability coefficients in anaesthetized rats were determined for 14 compounds. Drug solution in phosphate buffered saline (PBS)...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim of this work was to prepare the stable water/oil/water multiple emulsions (MEs), to investigate the usage of poloxamine 908, to observe the influence of surfactant percentage on the properties of MEs. METHOD:MEs were prepared by liquid paraffin, cetyl dimethicone copolyol and poloxamine 908 by a two-st...
journal_title:Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-08-11 00:00:00