Abstract:
:The pathogenesis of postoperative ileus (PI) is multifactorial, and includes activation of inhibitory reflexes, inflammatory mediators and opioids (endogenous and exogenous). Accordingly, various strategies have been employed to prevent PI. As single-modality treatment, continuous postoperative epidural analgesia including local anaesthetics has been most effective in the prevention of PI. Choice of anaesthetic technique has no major impact on PI. Minimally invasive surgery reduces PI, in accordance with the sustained reduction in the inflammatory responses, while the effects of early institution of oral nutrition on PI per se are minor. Several pharmacological agents have been employed to resolve PI (propranolol, dihydroergotamine, neostigmine, erythromycin, cisapride, metoclopramide, cholecystokinin, ceruletide and vasopressin), most with either limited effect or limited applicability because of adverse effects. The development of new peripheral selective opioid antagonists is promising and has been demonstrated to shorten PI significantly. A multi-modal rehabilitation programme including continuous epidural analgesia with local anaesthetics, enforced nutrition and mobilisation may reduce PI to 1-2 days after colonic surgery.
journal_name
Drugsjournal_title
Drugsauthors
Holte K,Kehlet Hdoi
10.2165/00003495-200262180-00004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
2603-15issue
18eissn
0012-6667issn
1179-1950pii
621804journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
DRUGS文献大全abstract::Sitagliptin (Januvia, Glactiv(R), Tesavel(R)) is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oral sitagliptin as monotherapy or combination therapy was generally well tolerated and improved glycaemic control in well designed clinical trials in patients with type 2 diabet...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11203790-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Osteoarthritis, the most common rheumatic disease, presents the clinician with a major therapeutic and management task. The chronic and progressive course of the disease is punctuated by pain, declining function and escalating disability. This article attempts to deal with the pharmacological therapeutic options avail...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199141020-00005
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin A acid (retinoic acid: tretinoin) is a vitamin A derivative used in the topical treatment of acne. It acts by 'unseating' comedones, improvement developing slowly over a period of 2 to 3 or more months, and is also said to prevent the formation of new lesions. About three-quarters of patients with acne vulgari...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-197714060-00001
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia(®)) is a recombinant, polyethylene glycolylated, antigen-binding fragment of a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets and neutralizes tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The drug is indicated for subcutaneous use every 2 or 4 weeks (q2w or q4w) for the treatment of adults with mo...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-013-0009-3
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 'funny' (pacemaker, I(f)) current, first described almost 30 years ago in sinoatrial node (SAN) myocytes, is a mixed sodium/potassium inward current, activated on hyperpolarisation in the diastolic range of voltages. 'Funny' (f) channels are activated by intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentr...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200767002-00003
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A meta-analysis of 20 short term comparative studies of 5 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline) has shown no difference in efficacy between individual compounds but a slower onset of action of fluoxetine. There were suggestions that fluoxetine c...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.2165/00003495-199957040-00005
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::On the basis of well documented biochemical and pharmacological data about the influence of drug mediated enzyme induction on the biotransformation of natural and synthetic sex steroids, practical consequences for hormonal steroid contraception are described and discussed. Clinical reports dealing with this problem ar...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-197612060-00003
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and eosinophils, are thought to actively contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma since they infiltrate into the lung tissue and may be activated locally to release bronchoconstrictor mediators. In this study we provide evidence that nedocromil sodium is capable of effectively i...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-198900371-00004
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interstitial lung disease (ILD) can be associated with all connective tissue diseases and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The management of connective tissue disease-interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is challenging due substantial heterogeneity in disease behaviour and paucity of controlled clinica...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-019-01178-x
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enalapril provides significant haemodynamic, symptomatic and clinical improvement when added to maintenance therapy with digitalis and diuretics in patients with congestive heart failure [NYHA (New York Heart Association) classes II to IV]. These effects are not attenuated during long term therapy. More significantly,...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198937020-00004
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 70% of invasive breast cancers have some degree of dependence on the estrogen hormone for cell proliferation and growth. These tumors have estrogen and/or progesterone receptors (ER/PR+), generally referred to as hormone receptor positive (HR+) tumors, as indicated by the presence of positive staining an...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-020-01394-w
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial meningitis in adults is a severe disease with high fatality and morbidity rates. Experimental studies have shown that the inflammatory response in the subarachnoid space is associated with an unfavourable outcome. In these experiments, corticosteroids, and in particular dexamethasone, were able to reduce the...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200666040-00002
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Induction of labour, defined as stimulation of uterine contractions before the spontaneous onset of labour, is indicated when the condition of the mother or fetus precludes awaiting the onset of spontaneous labour. In current medical practice, induction of labour comprises 2 phases: cervical priming and induction of c...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199754010-00005
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arrhythmia treatment has always been difficult, particularly as there are no good indicators of the optimal management strategy. The introduction of new antiarrhythmic agents has forced reappraisal of how these drugs are used. Dynamic electrocardiography and invasive electrophysiological studies are important tools fo...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198836050-00005
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trimetrexate is a folinic acid analogue structurally related to methotrexate, whose primary mechanism of action is believed to be inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase. This reduces the production of DNA and RNA precursors and leads to cell death. Trimetrexate is lipophilic and can passively diffuse across cell membra...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199549040-00007
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epizoonoses such as scabies, lice and cimicosis are common, vexing disorders that occur worldwide. Historically, many treatment modalities have been employed in the management of these disorders, and most of the drugs described in this review are of historical interest and no longer recommended or in widespread use be...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200161080-00004
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) occur commonly and may lead to severe adverse drug reactions if not handled appropriately. Considerable information to support clinical decision making regarding potential DDIs is available in the literature and through various systems providing electronic decision support for healthcare ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-017-0729-x
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The binding of drugs to proteins is an important pharmacokinetic parameter. Many methods are available for the study of drug protein binding phenomena and there are also many ways to interpret the binding data. Although much emphasis has been placed on the binding of drugs in the plasma, binding also takes place in th...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198325050-00003
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of infection in clean surgery (i.e. surgery with no major contamination of the operative site) should be less than 2%, although the incidence of postoperative infections can be higher in patients with various risk factors (namely insertion of foreign bodies, a compromised immune status or prolonged durat...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199700546-00008
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the development and pharmacokinetics of a number of new dosage formulations (e.g. transdermal patches and buccal tablets) and new active substances (e.g. isosorbide 5-mononitrate) which have recently been introduced to overcome some of the problems inherent in conventional formulations of organic ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198700334-00006
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Empagliflozin/linagliptin (Glyxambi(®)) is a once-daily sodium glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor fixed-dose combination product that is approved in the USA as an adjunct to diet and exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) when treatment with both empaglifl...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-015-0457-z
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diuretics are used in first-step antihypertensive monotherapy or in combination with adrenergic-inhibiting agents in the majority of hypertensive patients in the United States. A 30-year experience has demonstrated that blood pressure is lowered to as great or greater a degree with diuretics than when many of the pres...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198600314-00007
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Utilising a modified fixed-dose, 4 x 3 factorial design, the antihypertensive effects of all combinations of 4 doses of pinacidil (0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5 mg bid) with 3 doses of hydrochlorothiazide (0, 12.5 and 25 mg bid) were studied in patients with supine diastolic blood pressure of 95 to 110mm Hg. The decreases in s...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00003495-198800367-00015
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregabalin, the pharmacologically active S-enantiomer of 3-aminomethyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid, has a similar pharmacological profile to that of its developmental predecessor gabapentin, but showed greater analgesic activity in rodent models of neuropathic pain. The exact mechanism of action of pregabalin is unclear, a...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200464240-00006
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The occurrence of late side effects of long term levodopa therapy (fluctuations in motor performance, abnormal movements, and symptoms unresponsive to dihydroxyphenylalanine) led to the search for novel anti-Parkinsonian drugs. Dopamine agonists are one of the newer families of anti-Parkinsonian agents, and they inclu...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199346030-00005
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. Because of various intrinsic and acquired mechanisms of resistance, most β-lactam agents are not effective against many strains, and carbapenems have played an important role in therapy. Recent trends show many infections are cau...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-014-0267-8
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bronchial asthma is an inflammatory disease. The characteristic pathological features of epithelial cell loss, goblet cell hyperplasia, increased deposition of collagen beneath the basement membrane, mast cell degranulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration of the mucosa are not limited to fatal asthma. Similar infl...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198900371-00021
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reviews the evidence that, in patients with hypertension, end-organ damage correlates more closely with blood pressure values obtained by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring than with those obtained by conventional sphygmomanometry. However, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is not suitable for routine ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199200441-00004
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Opioid pharmacotherapies play an important role in the treatment of opioid-dependent women; however, very little is known about the safety of naltrexone in pregnant patients. OBJECTIVE:This study examined the obstetric health of opioid-dependent women who were treated with implant naltrexone during pregnanc...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s40265-017-0762-9
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, there have been major advances in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), leading to the development of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists. With these agents, it is possible to arrest joint damage and, by treating early in the disease course, to prevent joint damage. It is also now thought ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200666140-00001
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00