Abstract：
:The aim of this study was to determine the effects of frequency of verbal encouragement during maximal exercise testing. Twenty-eight participants (12 males, 16 females) aged 20.9 +/- 1.5 years (mean +/- s) performed a maximal exercise test (VO2max) on a treadmill without any verbal encouragement. The participants were matched according to their pre-test VO2max and placed into either a control group or one of three experimental groups. They performed a second exercise test (post-test) 1 week later. During the second test, the control group received no verbal encouragement; the 20 s (20E), 60 s (60E) and 180 s (180E) encouragement groups received verbal encouragement every 20, 60 and 180 s, respectively, beginning with stage 3 of the exercise test. Relative VO2max, exercise time, blood lactate concentration, respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were not significantly different from the first test to the second test for the control group without verbal encouragement and the 180E group that received infrequent encouragement. Post-test values were significantly higher than pre-test values for the 20E and 60E groups. The post-test values of the 20E group were significantly higher than their pre-test values for relative VO2max (P < 0.001), exercise time (P < 0.0001), blood lactate concentration (P < 0.05), RER (P < 0.01) and RPE (P < 0.0001); this was also the case for the 60E group for relative VO2max (P < 0.01), blood lactate concentration (P < 0.05), RER (P < 0.05) and RPE (P < 0.05). The results suggest that frequent verbal encouragement (every 20 s and 60 s in the present study) leads to significantly greater maximum effort in a treadmill test than when no encouragement is given or when the encouragement is infrequent (i.e. every 180 s).
journal_name
J Sports Scijournal_title
Journal of sports sciencesauthors
Andreacci JL,LeMura LM,Cohen SL,Urbansky EA,Chelland SA,Von Duvillard SPdoi
10.1080/026404102753576125subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-04-01 00:00:00pages
345-52issue
4eissn
0264-0414issn
1466-447Xjournal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We explore how expertise is obtained in the domain of rugby refereeing. The research data are qualitative and are drawn from an 18 month period working in collaboration with the Rugby Football Union Elite Referee Unit. Adopting an ethnographic mode of enquiry, the study combined long-term participant observation with ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461390500188710
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an enrichment programme in motor, technical and tactical basketball skills, when accounting for the age of youth sport specialisation. Seventy-six college students (age: M = 20.4, SD = 1.9) were allocated according to three different paths: (i) non-structured (n = 14)...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/02640414.2016.1236206
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Waist girth is recognised as a better predictor of obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, compared to other measures. Although several protocols for waist girth exist, arm position is either ignored, or not specified in unambiguous terms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if arm position influenc...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2013.781664
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interest in rises in oxygen consumption (VO2) with increasing exercise intensity largely originate from the work of Hill and colleagues in the 1920s. Their studies led to a belief that cardiac output and VO2 'plateau' at increasing work rates and that muscle hypoxia leads to fatigue. Hence, it was assumed that the pri...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/026404198366704
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of alcohol ingestion before exercise on blood haemostasis is not known. The present study examined the effects of moderate alcohol ingestion on blood haemostatic variables at rest and in response to exercise. Eleven normal healthy individuals randomly performed two tests separated by 7 days. A moderate dose...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/026404199365821
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The literature related to Borg's ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) scale has revealed inconsistencies about the strength of the relationship between ratings of perceived exertion and various physiological criterion measures, such as heart rate, blood lactate concentration, percent maximal oxygen uptake (%VO2max), ox...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1080/026404102320761787
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many of the factors identified as influencing the home advantage have an underlying social basis, presumably through the influence exerted by the home crowd. Beliefs in the home advantage and the causes of that advantage also have a social basis: sports coverage and fan discourse focus on some aspects of the phenomeno...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410400021633
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In rowing, power is inevitably lost as kinetic energy is imparted to the water during push-off with the blades. Power loss is estimated from reconstructed blade kinetics and kinematics. Traditionally, it is assumed that the oar is completely rigid and that force acts strictly perpendicular to the blade. The aim of the...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2010.495994
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the physical demands of international rugby union. Five games in the 1989-90 Five Nations Championship were analysed using video-recordings of live television transmissions. When the ball was in open play, the average running pace of players central to the action ranged from 5 ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640419208729927
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Present study examined the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on glycogen resynthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle. Twelve male participants completed a cross-over trial with CLA (3.8 g/day for 8 week) or placebo supplements by separation of 8 weeks. CLA is a mixture of trans-10 cis-12 and...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2014.970219
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since junior performances have little predictive value for future success, other solutions are sought to assess a young player's potential. The objectives of this systematic review are (1) to provide an overview of instruments measuring personal talent determinants of young players in racquet sports, and (2) to evalua...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/02640414.2015.1061201
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low-intensity exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) is an increasingly common method of improving muscular strength and hypertrophy, and improving aerobic fitness, in clinical and athletic populations. The aim of this systematic review was to describe common approaches to determining occlusion pressures for BFR e...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2020.1840734
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study analysed whether a significant relationship exists between the torque and muscle thickness and pennation angle of the erector spinae muscle during a maximal isometric lumbar extension with the lumbar spine in neutral position. This was a cross-sectional study in which 46 healthy adults performed three repet...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2014.924054
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sprint performance over short distances is a central component in young tennis players' development. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal development of sprint performance in young female tennis players, and to investigate differences between performance levels. Also potentially explanatory variables were inve...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2020.1816313
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to devise a valid performance analysis system for the assessment of the movement characteristics associated with competitive amateur boxing and assess its reliability using analysts of varying experience of the sport and performance analysis. Key performance indicators to characterise the dem...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2012.738922
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this article, we examine the question of what information is processed during observational learning by evaluating a variety of methods, theories, and empirical data. Initially, we review work involving neuroimaging techniques and infant imitation. We then evaluate data from behavioural experiments involving adults...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/02640410600946860
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of high-resolution physical activity intensity spectra obtained from accelerometry can improve knowledge of associations with health and development beyond the use of traditional summary measures of intensity. The aim of the present study was to compare three different approaches for determining associations f...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2020.1824341
更新日期：2020-09-20 00:00:00
abstract：:In the collision between a striking implement and ball, the term "sweet spot" represents the impact location producing best results. In football kicking, it is not known if a sweet spot exists on the foot because no method to measure impact location in three-dimensional space exists. Therefore, the aims were: (1) deve...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2018.1505408
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A plausible explanation for the ancient long jump records from Greek antiquity is sought on the basis of pictorial and written sources, and corroborated with practical tests. Ancient sources report that athletes jumped more than 15 m with weights in their hands, which enabled them to jump further than without these we...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410400022037
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to investigate swimmer's use and coach prescription of recovery strategies during training and competition while examining perceived challenges, barriers, and beliefs in the importance of their effectiveness. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was implemented. Thirty-seven male and 45 femal...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2020.1770925
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper we report on two studies that investigated the physical demands of professional rugby league match-play. Instudy one, National Rugby League (NRL) and National Youth Competition (NYC) players underwent global positioning system (GPS) analysis during competitive matches. No differences (P > 0.05) were obse...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2013.773401
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between external training load and session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) training load and the impact that playing experience, playing position and 2-km time-trial performance had on s-RPE training load were explored. From 39 Australian Football players, 6.9 ± 4.6 training sessions were analyse...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2014.947311
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to assess the effects of post-activation potentiation in the strength related variables of a kick start. Thirteen competitive swimmers performed three kick starts after a standardized warm up (denoted USUAL) and another after inducing post-activation through five isotonic repetitions on an eccentric f...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2018.1505183
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We explored implicit coordination mechanisms underlying the conceptual notion of "shared mental models" (SMM) through physiological (i.e., breathing and heart rates) and affective-cognitive (i.e., arousal, pleasantness, attention, self-efficacy, other's efficacy) monitoring of two professional jugglers performing a re...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2016.1158413
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to gather information from scientific literature related to all steps of Van Mechelen's "sequence of prevention" for injuries applied to youth and adult recreational field hockey players. A systematic review was conducted in Medline via Pubmed and in SPORTDiscus via EBSCOhost. Twenty-six ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2020.1764898
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Athletes report using imagery most often to successfully cope with and master challenging situations. This function of imagery is termed "motivational general-mastery" and includes imagining being focused, confident and in control in difficult circumstances. Also, athletes often use imagery to regulate their arousal l...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410500386167
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are the basic building blocks of more advanced, complex movements required to participate in physical activity. This study examined FMS proficiency across the full range of Irish primary school children (n = 2098, 47% girls, age range 5-12 years). Participants were assessed using the ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2019.1651144
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study involved a systematic video analysis of 16 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries sustained by elite-level netball players during televised games in order to describe the game situation, the movement patterns involved, the player's behaviour, and a potential injury mechanism. Eight of the ACL injuries we...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2015.1121285
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Newtest Powertimer 300-series portable contact mat and photocells (Newtest Oy, Finland). The participants were 20 male soccer players aged 19.1+/-3.5 years. The validity and reliability of the Powertimer (contact mat and photocells) were as...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410802448723
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined if short-duration record power outputs can be predicted with the Anaerobic Power Reserve (APR) model in professional cyclists using a field-based approach. Additionally, we evaluated if modified model parameters could improve predictive ability of the model. Twelve professional cyclists (V̇O2max 75...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2018.1522684
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
