Abstract：
:Sixteen flavonoids including flavonols, flavones, flavanonol and catechins, and five aromatic compounds were examined for their ability to scavenge superoxide radical (O2-*) generated enzymatically in a xanthin-xanthinoxidase system and non-enzymatically in a phenazine methosulfate-NADH system. Pyrogallol, gallic acid and its ester, were much more efficient in scavenging O2-* than catechol. The superiority of pyrogallol over catechol in the flavonoidal nucleus is apparent from the much higher O2-* scavenging activity of myricetin and epigallocatechin, which contain 3',4',5'-trihydroxyl substitution in the B-ring, compared to quercetin and epicatechin, which contain 3',4'-dihydroxyl substitution, respectively. The strong O2-* scavenging ability of pyrogallol appears to function even in the A-ring, as in baicalein, and also in the form of a pyrogalloyl ester at the C-3 position in the C-ring, as in epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. It can be concluded that the pyrogallol moiety is an active component of flavonoids for displaying high O2-* scavenging activity. Flavonoids and aromatics were also examined to correlate their O2-* scavenging activity with their oxidizability, which was measured on the basis of electrochemical redox potential and the reducing ability of the Cu2+ ion. Aromatics such as pyrogallol, gallic acid and its ester, and flavonoids such as baicalein, epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate, in which the O2-* scavenging activity is enhanced by the presence of a pyrogallol moiety which does not belong to the B-ring, reduced the correlation between the higher O2-* scavenging activity and the lower redox potential. The O2-* scavenging activity was well correlated with the Cu2+ reducing ability of flavonoids and aromatics.
journal_name
Biol Pharm Bulljournal_title
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletinauthors
Furuno K,Akasako T,Sugihara Ndoi
10.1248/bpb.25.19subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
19-23issue
1eissn
0918-6158issn
1347-5215journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Sulfapyridine (SP), one of the metabolites of sulfasalazine (SASP), is further metabolized into N-acetylsulfapyridine (AcSP) by polymorphic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2). NAT2 activity has been diagnosed by phenotyping, that is, evaluating plasma concentrations or urinary excretions of tentatively administered test dru...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.25.1058
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To develop a piroxicam-loaded gelatin microcapsule with enhanced bioavailability, a gelatin microcapsule encapsulated ethanol and piroxicam has been formulated by using gelatin as a water-soluble polymer shell. The aqueous solubility and bioavailability of piroxicam in piroxicam-loaded microcapsule in rats were then e...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.31.1284
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The induction of a mutant DnaA protein (DnaA E204Q) with decreased intrinsic ATPase activity in cells causes a lethal phenotype. Based on our results that the decreased ATPase activity of DnaA E204Q is activated to the level of a wild-type protein in the presence of partially purified stimulating factors for DnaA ATPa...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.22.904
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Indomethacin is used as an anti-inflammatory drug and a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor. When indomethacin in methanol was photo-irradiated with an Hg lamp, methyl ester, ethyl ester, and gamma-lactone derivatives of indomethacin were produced. In the present study, we found that the methyl ester derivative of i...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.28.2206
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Madecassoside (MA), one of the principle terpenoids in Centella asiatica, has shown protect effect on isolated rat hearts and isolated cardiomyocytes against reperfusion injury in our previous studies. The aim of this study is to investigate if MA also protected against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo. ...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.31.458
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ge-132 is a synthetic organic germanium that is used as a dietary supplement. The antioxidant activity of Ge-132 on cultured mammalian cells was investigated in this study. First, Ge-132 cytotoxicity on mammalian cultured cells was determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Ge-132 had no cytotoxic eff...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.b17-00949
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Meiosis activating sterol (MAS), the intermediate of cholesterol biosynthesis, is an important substance to stimulate oocytes maturation in FSH-induced signal transduction pathway. Lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) converts lanosterol to MAS. Although MAS is firstly isolated from bovine testis, the information ab...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.29.430
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cationic lipid-mediated transfer of DNA is promising in gene therapy. However, one disadvantage with this approach is the induction of an inflammatory response, which may decrease transgene expression. Recently, we found that plasmid DNA containing N6-methyladenine (N6-MeA), a bacterium-specific modified base, induced...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.28.2019
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is primarily expressed in central and peripheral terminals of non-myelinated primary afferent neurons. We previously showed that AS1928370, a novel TRPV1 antagonist that can prevent ligand-induced activation but not proton-induced activation, ameliorates neuropathic pai...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.34.1105
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have developed a mass microscope in which a microscope is combined with high-resolution matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). This technique is a powerful tool for investigating the spatial distribution of biomolecules without the need for any time-consuming extraction, ...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1248/bpb.b212007
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study has been designed to investigate the modulatory role of dichlorobenzamil a Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger inhibitor in ischemic post-conditioning-induced neuroprotection in mice. Bilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by reperfusion, produced a significant rise in cerebral infarct size along with impair...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.33.585
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skeletal muscle is a major site for glucose metabolism and its injury by cytokines can induce insulin resistance leading to type 2 diabetes. It has been suggested that quercetin may act as an anti-diabetic agent, however, the effects of quercetin on insulin resistance in skeletal muscle remain unknown. We aimed to inv...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.b12-00947
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of kaempferol in the mouse model of Parkinson's disease, which was induced by neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). We confirmed that MPTP led to behavioral deficits, depletion of dopamine and its metabolites, reduction in supe...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.34.1291
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the changes (increase or decrease in peak intensity) in the expression of plasma proteins in spontaneously diabetic WBN/Kob rats that were with complicated diabetic nephropathy, to determine multiple biomarkers in the plasma of diabetic rats. The present study using surface enhanced laser desorption/io...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.28.1031
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a previous study we found that 50% ethanol extracts of immature fruits of Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin) have anti-allergic effects against the Type I, II and IV allergic reactions. However, many adverse interactions between citrus fruit, especially grapefruit juice, and drugs have been reported due to the inhibi...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.31.925
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, the quantitative analysis of saikosaponins from Radix Bupleuri in China was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. Saikosaponin-a and -d were converted completely into saikosaponin-b1 and -b2 by mild acid treatment. Distinctive measuring of these converted diene-saponins provided a rapid a...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.28.1736
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The absorption and distribution of ulinastatin following intra-articular administration of [125I]ulinastatin to rabbits were determined and kinetic analysis using a multi-compartment model was performed. At 4 h after administration, the content of radioactivity in the synovial fluid, which was comparable to that of th...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.20.732
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mangiferin, a natural glucosyl xanthone from the leaves of Mangifera indica L., was previously shown to exert potent hypouricemic effects associated with inhibition of the activity of xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase. The present study aimed to evaluate its uricosuric effect and possible molecular mechanisms underlying ...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.b15-00402
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ty2 retrotransposons are the mobile genetic elements of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Transcriptional regulation of Ty2-917 requires a complex set of cis acting elements which are located both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site. Previously, the glycolysis regulatory protein Gcr1p has be...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.25.1212
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oyaksungisan, the herbal prescription composed of eleven herbs, has been widely used in treatment of cerebral infarct in Oriental Medicine. However, the mechanisms by which the herbal formula affects on the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cerebral infarction patients remain unknown yet. The secre...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.30.1037
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interaction of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) with specific drugs is associated with delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, which cause severe cutaneous toxicity. Such interactions induce structural alterations in HLA complexes via several different mechanisms such as the hapten theory, p-i concept, and altered p...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.b20-00102
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here, we confirmed that stable expression of B-cell lymphoma-xL (Bcl-xL) in N18TG neuroglioma cells could suppress c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) activation, nuclear fragmentation, and cell death caused by etoposide treatment. Moreover, additional overexpression of JNK1 led to partially antagonize the antiapopt...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.31.1686
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To search for possible anti-tumor-promoters, we carried out a primary screening of 21 cucurbitane triterpenoids using an in vitro assay system. Of these triterpenoids, scandenoside R6 (6), 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin F (14), 25-acetyl-23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin F (15), 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin ...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.17.668
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the stimulatory effects of Maillard reaction, a non-enzymatic browning reaction on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and phagocytic activity induced by whey protein concentrate (WPC). Glycated WPC (G-WPC) was prepared by a reaction between WPC and the lactose it contai...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.b15-00596
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of pulsed output ultrasound (1 MHz) with on/off ratios of 1:2, 1:4 and 1:9 on transdermal absorption of indomethacin from an ointment was studied in rats. Ultrasound energy was supplied for between 10 and 19 min at a range of intensities (1.0-2.5 W.cm-2), energy levels commonly used for therapeutic purposes...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.20.288
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:NDRG2, a new member of the N-Myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) family, is a focus for study at present. Up to now, its expression and function in carcinoma remain to be elucidated. In this study, using a colorectal cancer tissue array and a series of 213 colorectal cancer samples, the relationship between Ndrg2 and...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.32.968
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microanalytical methods were developed for measuring galactosyl-beta-cyclodextrin (Gal-betaCD) and mannosyl (Man)-betaCD in biological matrices of the rat by HPLC with pulsed amperometric detection. Then, using these methods, the absorption, distribution and excretion of intravenously and orally administered Gal-betaC...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.23.472
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the protective effects of manganese complexes of curcumin (Cp-Mn) and diacetylcurcumin (DiAc-Cp-Mn) on kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxicity in the rat hippocampus. Systemic injection of KA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) caused seizures and increased the expression of neuro...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.30.1732
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We measured the activity and stability of three mannosyltransferases to ascertain the mechanisms of changes in the antigenicity and the mannan structure of Candida albicans cells cultured at high temperature (37 degrees C) under acidic (pH 2.0) conditions in a liquid medium. The alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase (alpha-1,...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.31.1333
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), a phthalate ester, has been shown to have an adjuvant effect on fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) mouse models. Di-n-butyl maleate (DBM), widely used as a plasticizer for industrial application, has been reported to cause dermatitis in humans. DBM is a...
journal_title：Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1248/bpb.b15-00683
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
