Abstract：
:The aim of this study was to determine long term changes in shoulder and elbow joints of former elite javelin throwers. Twenty-one elite javelin throwers were examined at an average of 19 years after the end of their high performance phase. Mean age at examination was 50 years. Functional assessment of both shoulders was determined by the Constant-score. The shoulder of the throwing arm was examined by magnetic resonance imaging. Both elbow joints were examined clinically and radiographically. Five athletes complained about transient shoulder pain in their throwing arm affecting activities of daily living, fourteen athletes had a deficit of internal rotation of at least ten degrees. Constant-scores of throwing arms were six points lower than those of non-throwing arms (P < 0.05). Complete ruptures and partial tears of the rotator cuff were frequent. Three athletes complained about transient elbow pain in their throwing arm affecting activities of daily living; ten athletes had a deficit of extension of more than five degrees. All dominant elbows had advanced arthrotic alterations (osteophytes, sclerosis) compared to the non-dominant side. Athletes who trained with weights of more than 3 kg had a significantly higher risk of degenerative changes than athletes who did not (P < 0.01). We therefore recommend to avoid throwing training with weights of more than 3 kg.
journal_name
Int J Sports Medjournal_title
International journal of sports medicineauthors
Schmitt H,Hansmann HJ,Brocai DR,Loew Mdoi
10.1055/s-2001-13814subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-05-01 00:00:00pages
275-9issue
4eissn
0172-4622issn
1439-3964journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Vigorous and prolonged physical exercise and mechanical involvement of the perineal region might influence prostatic function and measurement of both total (PSA) and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA), decreasing the diagnostic efficiency of the laboratory screening for either benign or neoplastic prostate disorder...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2004-830450
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated how inspiratory muscle training impacted respiratory and locomotor muscle deoxygenation during submaximal exercise with resistive inspiratory loading. 16 male cyclists completed 6 weeks of either true (n=8) or sham (n=8) inspiratory muscle training. Pre- and post-training, subjects completed 3, 6-min e...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0042-104198
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single outcomes of standard isokinetic dynamometry tests do not discern between various muscle mechanical capacities. In this study, we aimed to (1) evaluate the shape and strength of the force-velocity relationship of knee extensors, as observed in isokinetic tests conducted at a wide range of angular velocities, and...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0043-113043
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The shock-absorbing characteristics of the heel pad in vivo were examined in adults (N = 16) and 7-year-old children (N = 5) using a drop-impact tester (wt = 5 kg). Impact velocities were 0.72 m/s and 0.93 m/s. It was found that in adults the average peak deceleration was 11.6 G at an impact velocity of 0.93 m/s. The ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1021184
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was designed to evaluate recovery of dynamic muscle function following muscle fatigue produced by isokinetic testing. Sixteen physically active males (age = 29.2) performed fatigue and recovery tests on an isokinetic dynamometer (KIN-COM 500H). The fatigue test involved concentric contractions of the quadri...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972989
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study aimed to evaluate the applicability of using a single slice cross-sectional area (CSA) of the skeletal muscle for estimating segmental skeletal muscle volume (SMV). By using MRI, the SMV of each of the upper arm, lower arm, upper leg, lower leg, and trunk was determined in 29 males. First, step-wise ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0033-1351251
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study evaluated the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on resistance exercise performance in upper limbs. After 12-RM load determination, 21 men attended 4 trials separated by 3 days in a randomized crossover design: IPC (4×5-min occlusion 220 mmHg/reperfusion 0 mmHg) in arms and in thighs, and SHAM (equal ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0042-109066
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low back pain (LBP) is a common symptom in the populations of western countries, and adolescent athletes seem to be prone to LBP. The main objective of this study was to analyze the point (LBP within the last 48 h), 1-year (LBP within the last 12 months) and lifetime (LBP within the entire life) prevalence rates of LB...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0033-1358731
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the effects of widely varying amounts of cushioning upon vertical force (VF) parameters, ten male subjects, (mean weight = 68.0 kg) ran at a speed of 4.5 m . s-1 (6 min/mile pace) and contacted a Kistler force platform. Two shoes were tested: a hard one and a softer shoe that had 50% more cushioning as me...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1026043
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leukocytes play a central role in asthma physiopathology. Aerobic training (AT) reduces leukocytes recruitment to the airways, but the effects of AT on some aspects of leukocytes activation in asthma are unknown. Therefore, the effects of 4 weeks of AT on airway inflammation, pulmonary and systemic Th2 cytokines level...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0033-1358477
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Orthostatic tolerance is impaired following an acute bout of exercise. This study examined the effect of fluid ingestion following treadmill exercise in restoring the cardiovascular responses to an orthostatic stress. Five men (age, 29.6 +/- 3.4 yrs) were exposed to a graded lower body negative (LBNP) pressure protoco...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972615
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested the hypothesis that the initial heart rate (HR) response at the onset of maximal handgrip contraction is altered after training. 17 volunteers (nine trained and eight controls) performed ten intermittent static handgrip contractions with maximal effort, alternating between 15-s contractions and 15-s pauses. ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-989373
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main purpose of the present study was to compare the reference metabolic equivalent (MET) value and observed resting oxygen uptake (VO2) for defining cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and characterizing the energy cost of treadmill running. A heterogeneous cohort of 114 healthy men volunteered to participate. In ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0043-115739
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of clinically used doses of propranolol, atenolol, nifedipine, propranolol plus nifedipine, and atenolol plus nifedipine on thermoregulatory responses of 11 healthy men was studied during 2-h block-stepping in heat. Drug intervention did not alter ventilation during exercise. In contrast, propranolol and at...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1025631
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a group of male distance runners, 23 out of 45 athletes showed decreased serum ferritin values (< 35 micrograms). The high prevalence of a typical iron deficiency in runners was confirmed in a subgroup of eight athletes in which the iron metabolism was studied in detail using radio-iron labelling and liver iron qua...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972881
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spatio-temporal, metabolic and psychometric responses during and after a 400-m freestyle swim trial were investigated for gender and skill-level effects. Thirty-four men and women, 18 national and international competitors and 16 recreational swimmers, were compared. Mean speed, stroke rate (SR), and stroke length (SL...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2006-924208
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was a retrospective examination of the relationship between estimated dietary sodium intake and training-induced changes in plasma volume (PV). It was undertaken to explore one possible explanation for the large individual differences in PV shifts accompanying 3 d of endurance cycling. Ten healthy males rod...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-973033
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examines the effects of a 7 weeks sub-maximal training period of electrostimulation on the maximal isometric, concentric, eccentric voluntary torque and muscle contractile properties of the elbow flexor muscles of nine subjects. The daily program consisted of five series of six 6-s isometric actions (60 to ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2000-8882
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the effect of exercise-induced dehydration by ~4% body mass loss on 5-km cycling time trial (TT) performance and neuromuscular drive, independent of hyperthermia. 7 active males were dehydrated on 2 occasions, separated by 7 d. Participants remained dehydrated (DEH, -3.8±0.5%) or were rehydrated (R...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0033-1364022
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the influence of 28 days of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on plasma cytokine responses to cycle ergometry. Sixteen highly trained male cyclists and triathletes (age: 30.6+/-5.6 y; VO2max: 64.8+/-4.7 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1); mean+/-SD) participated in the study. One group (n=8) consumed a...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0029-1243645
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the first official world championships in breath-hold diving (1996), a sport has developed where the athletes compete in various disciplines of breath-hold diving. One of the rules is that the diver should surface from a dive without showing any signs of hypoxia. Depending on the severity of hypoxia, a diver may...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2006-924361
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term, high-intensity sprint training on the root mean squared (RMS) and median frequency (MF) derived from surface electromyography (EMG), as well as peak power, mean power, total work, and plasma lactate levels in trained cyclists when performed concur...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-2004-819945
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied 12 highly trained athletes, 6 male ice-hockey players and 6 cross-country skiers (2 females, 4 males). All of them participated in a maximal electrically braked bicycle ergometer test in a hypobaric chamber at the simulated altitude of 3000m (520 mmHg) and in normobaric conditions two days apart in random o...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972968
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:External counterpulsation (ECP), an electrocardiogram-led sequential compression of lower limbs, has been recently proposed for sports recovery, but research is scant. This study examined the effects of an ECP session upon neuromuscular function (vertical jump and torque/velocity characteristics), biochemical response...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-0923-9144
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 16-week dance-based aerobic exercise program on lymphocyte function in healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) women. We enrolled 23 women: 11 with T2DM and 12 non-diabetic controls. Initially, we performed anthropometry and body composition measurements, afterwards,...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-1309-2037
更新日期：2020-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Circulating progenitor cells (CPC) are bone marrow-derived cells that are mobilized into the circulation. While exercise is a powerful mediator of hematopoiesis, CPC levels increase, and reports of their activation after different types of exercise are contradictory. Moreover, few studies have compared the possible ef...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0034-1394394
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to examine body composition using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in male and female NCAA Division I collegiate basketball athletes. Two-hundred ten (male [M]/female [F]=88/122) basketball athletes' total and regional fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral density, and visceral adipose tissue were measured...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-1073-7941
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to compare the effects of two different models of altering the frequency of strength training sessions of females. The "regular training" (RT) consisted of one training unit every third day over the whole menstrual cycle. The "menstrual cycle triggered training" (MCTT) was characterized by wor...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-973052
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, 10 females taking monophasic oral contraceptives completed 90 min intermittent treadmill-running 45 min after ingestion of 6 mg∙kg(-1) body mass anhydrous caffeine or artificial sweetener (placebo). Water (3 mL∙kg(-1)) was provided every 15 min during...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0034-1398580
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the protective effect of Erythropoietin (EPO) analogue rHuEPO on renal injury induced by acute exhaustive exercise in the rat. Rats were randomly allocated to one of 3 groups: normal control (C), exhaustive exercise test (ET) and EPO pre-treatment (rHuEPO 2 000 U/kg) plus ET (EPO+ET). Compared with con...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0030-1265205
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
