Abstract:
:Two separate studies were carried out to assess the effect of valproic acid on the steady-state plasma concentrations of clozapine and its major metabolites norclozapine and clozapine N-oxide in psychotic patients. In the first study, concentrations of clozapine and metabolites were compared between patients treated with clozapine in combination with sodium valproate (n = 15) and control patients treated with clozapine alone (n = 22) and matched for sex, age, body weight, and antipsychotic dosage. Patients comedicated with valproate tended to have higher clozapine levels and lower norclozapine levels, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. In a subsequent study, plasma concentrations of clozapine and its metabolites were determined in 6 patients with schizophrenia stabilized on clozapine therapy (200-400 mg/d) before and after treatment with sodium valproate (900-1200 mg/d) for 4 weeks. Mean plasma concentrations of clozapine and its metabolites did not change significantly throughout the study, but there was a trend for clozapine levels to be higher and for norclozapine levels to be lower after valproate. Overall, these findings suggest that valproic acid may have an inhibiting effect on the CYP1A2- or CYP3A4-mediated conversion of clozapine to norclozapine. However, the interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
journal_name
Ther Drug Monitjournal_title
Therapeutic drug monitoringauthors
Facciolà G,Avenoso A,Scordo MG,Madia AG,Ventimiglia A,Perucca E,Spina Edoi
10.1097/00007691-199906000-00017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-06-01 00:00:00pages
341-5issue
3eissn
0163-4356issn
1536-3694journal_volume
21pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The anticonvulsant properties of phenytoin (PHT) were discovered in 1938. Since then, it has been one of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs. It is slowly absorbed, extensively plasma protein-bound, exhibits a nonlinear, concentration-dependent pharmacokinetic profile, and has a narrow therapeutic range...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182081089
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fosphenytoin, the diphosphate ester salt of phenytoin, is widely used to treat status epilepticus. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model to describe serum phenytoin concentrations after the intravenous administration of fosphenytoin in adult and elderly epileptic patie...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000651
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study develops a population pharmacokinetic model for lamotrigine (LTG) in Spanish and German patients diagnosed with epilepsy. LTG steady-state plasma concentration data from therapeutic drug monitoring were collected retrospectively from 600 patients, with a total of 1699 plasma drug concentrations. The data we...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31817fd4d4
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dolutegravir (DTG) is an integrase strand transfer inhibitor, which is a newly approved antiretroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV-infected naive and experienced individuals. Many aspects of DTG pharmacology remain to be studied. Our aim was to develop and fully validate a robust analytical method for...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000286
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Palivizumab is a humanized, monoclonal antibody used to protect at-risk infants against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The regular dosage scheme causes a low initial trough level and accumulation of the antibody after subsequent injections. Using a simple pharmacokinetic model, the authors devised an alt...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200206000-00020
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite significant interindividual variability in prednisolone pharmacokinetics and potentially serious consequences with inadequate or excessive exposure, monitoring of prednisolone levels is not employed to guide therapy. As ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods can ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31829daae4
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several factors such as low therapeutic index, large interindividual variability in systemic exposure, and the relationships between exposure and toxicity for sorafenib could justify its therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). To support TDM, a selective and precise high-performance liquid chromatography with ult...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000027
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors aimed to evaluate the utility of the history and clinical signs for predicting ingestion of poisons in children. A prospective cohort study was performed of all patients presenting with suspected poisoning to a pediatric emergency department over a 13-month period. Clinical data were collected on a preform...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200312000-00012
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cyclosporine A (CsA) is used as a posttransplantation immunosuppressant drug, and careful monitoring of CsA concentration in whole blood is essential. A new automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) for CsA measurement has been assessed in a multicenter evaluation. METHODS:Residual EDTA whole b...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000068
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of storage time and temperature on the stability of FK 506 in patient blood samples and quality control samples was assessed with the Abbott IMx microparticle enzyme immunoassay. Blood FK 506 concentrations measured at days 0, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 were stable at room (22 degrees C), refrigerator (4 degrees C)...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199506000-00009
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) time courses in serum and physiological and behavioral effects associated with smoking 1 or 4 "light cannabis" cigarettes were studied. Biomarkers to differentiate light cannabis versus illegal and medical cannabis use were also investigated. METHODS:Sera ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000683
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study assessed the removal of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its major glucuronide metabolite (MPAG) during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVHF) and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) in 4 heart transplant recipients treated for at least 6 days with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in addition to cyc...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181633667
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Body weight may affect pharmacokinetic parameters in various ways and may therefore have a significant impact on the serum concentration of a drug at a given dose. Although patients with major depressive disorder frequently show an elevated body mass index, studies investigating the relation between body wei...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e318237b0fa
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The solubility and stability of amphotericin B in human serum in vitro was assessed using a sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic technique. The solubility of amphotericin B at concentrations ranging from 0.5 micrograms/ml to 10 micrograms/ml in human serum at pH 7.4, at 37 degrees C, and in 5% CO2 (simula...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198905000-00015
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of therapeutic drug monitoring strategies for cyclosporin (CsA) has evolved markedly in recent years since previous consensus guidelines were presented. Apart from the introduction of some new methods, the major change has been the shift away from the traditional predose/trough (C0) sample. The most popular al...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200404000-00025
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This case report highlights a very rare adverse drug reaction of oral roxithromycin causing toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). A 54-year-old male patient diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infection was prescribed oral roxithromycin 150 mg twice daily for 7 days. On the 10th day, the patient was admitted to the eme...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e318260b087
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An accurate and specific liquid chromatographic method for the separation and analysis of the R(+) and S(-) enantiomers of both aminoglutethimide (AG) and its acetylated metabolite (AcAG) in plasma, saliva, and urine is described. The separation was achieved by use of two serial Chiralcel OD columns [cellulose tris(3,...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199510000-00017
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma concentrations of isepamicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA), microbiological assay (MA), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in healthy volunteers after administration of 7.5 mg/kg intramuscular dosages once daily for 10 days. Plasma samples were collec...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199712000-00012
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Oral fluid is an attractive alternative matrix for drug testing with a noninvasive and directly observed collection, but there are few controlled cocaine administration studies to guide interpretation. MATERIALS AND METHODS:While residing on a closed research unit for up to 10 weeks under constant medical s...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181f2b729
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has largely improved in the biopharmaceutical era. These compounds, primarily tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, are effective, but some patients may show poor response, sometimes because of the presence of antidrug antibodies (ADAs). In some instances, clinicians may in...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000421
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The placental and milk transfer of chloroquine was studied in seven subjects and six subjects, respectively. Seven pregnant women at term were administered chloroquine phosphate (5 mg/kg) i.m. The maternal blood and arterial and venous umbilical cord blood were obtained during delivery. The maternal chloroquine blood ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198802000-00004
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a crossover study balanced for sex, treatments, and treatment order, we have investigated the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem after single oral doses in 10 healthy middle-aged volunteers. The diltiazem doses employed were 60 mg and 120 mg and contained 1.85 MBq [14C] diltiazem. The absorption was rapid and did not di...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An isocratic, high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for simultaneous determination of the oral antidiabetic tolbutamide and two of its metabolites, 4-hydroxytolbutamide and carboxytolbutamide, in human plasma and urine. The method was based on simple one-step liquid-liquid extraction with te...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199912000-00015
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoenzyme metabolic activity varies between individuals and is therefore a possible candidate of influence on the therapeutic outcome of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000268
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A population analysis of the kinetics of lithium was performed from experimental and observational data in 113 subjects in order to propose a new approach for lithium dosage individualization. The kinetics of lithium is described by a two-compartment model. Age, body weight, height, and serum creatinine are included a...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199406000-00006
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The International Interlaboratory Quality Control PROGRAM for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiretroviral Drugs in Human Plasma/Serum was initiated in 1999. We have previously published our experience during the first 10 years of the PROGRAM. Since 2010, 3 newly developed antiretroviral agents have been ad...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000089
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The greater and more consistent absorption of cyclosporine from the microemulsion formulation (Neoral; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Frimley, UK) when compared with that from the original form (Sandimmune; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Frimley, UK) results in greater systemic exposure. Lung transplant recipients cou...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00007691-199902000-00004
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is the first drug approved for the prevention of renal allograft rejection in the United States in the last 10 years. MMF is the morpholinoethyl ester of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and is a selective, reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), an enzyme that is critic...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199608000-00007
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Valproic acid (VPA) is frequently used together with clozapine (CLZ) as mood-stabilizer or for the prevention of seizures in patients with psychotic disorders. VPA is known to reduce levels of the pharmacologically active CLZ-metabolite N-desmethylclozapine (N-DMC), but factors determining the degree of this...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000619
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors describe a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry method for the measurement of nicotine in human plasma. Samples (500 microL) with added deuterium-labeled d3-nicotine as an internal standard (IS) were treated with a 2-step process of ether extraction (6 ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200410000-00015
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00