Abstract:
:This article summarizes the results of a critical review of several cost-benefit analyses (CBA) of health care programs. With pertinent examples, it is demonstrated that the results and conclusions of a study depend upon the assumptions and methods underlying the measurement of costs and benefits in a CBA. Given the incentives for an analyst to comply with desires of his sponsor, and given the scope of the choice available to an analyst among alternative assumptions and methods, it seems quite possible that desired results often dictate the assumptions and methods chosen. It is recommended that a policy maker should suspect an advocacy in the results and conclusions of every CBA. If CBAs are to be a true decision aid, a policy maker ought to obtain several of them, each of which assesses the costs and benefits of a given action plan using assumptions and methods substantially different from the other.
journal_name
Eval Health Profjournal_title
Evaluation & the health professionsauthors
Joglekar PNdoi
10.1177/016327878400700302subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-09-01 00:00:00pages
285-303issue
3eissn
0163-2787issn
1552-3918journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A meta-analysis of studies examining the interrater reliability of the standard practice of peer assessments of quality of care was conducted. Using the Medline, Health Planning and Administration, and SCISEARCH databases, the English-language literature from 1966 through 1991 was searched for studies of chance correc...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1177/016327879401700101
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abstract::The Bayesian inferential process is modified to be used as an approach to an aggregate meta-analytic evaluation. Comparisons of the Bayesian approach with the traditional average effect size meta-analytic approach indicated that the Bayesian approach was more sensitive to differences between studies. The approaches to...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Complementary and alternative therapies such as reflexology and acupuncture have been the subject of numerous evaluations, clinical trials, and systematic reviews, yet the empirical evidence in support of their efficacy remains equivocal. The empirical evaluation of a therapy would normally assume a plausible rational...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::There is currently limited information on the comparative effectiveness of the European Union(7)-potentially inappropriate medication (EU(7)-PIM) list and the Beers criteria for screening PIMs, of which PIMs are a significant concern, in the geriatric population of nursing home residents. This study aims to determine ...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
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doi:10.1177/0163278719900653
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abstract::The set of articles appearing in this issue of Evaluation & the Health Professions provides an in-depth examination of the validation process for licensing and certification test score decisions. The winter 1990 issue of Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice also contains an excellent set of articles about lice...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/016327879401700208
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abstract::A principal components analysis identified the immediate convenience of indoor tanning (i.e., relaxation, perceived attractiveness of tans) as a major factor that motivates people to visit commercial tanning salons frequently and continually. Long-term considerations, such as price, socializing, and perceived health, ...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327879702000401
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abstract::People with disabilities comprise roughly 25% of the U.S. adult population yet remain underrepresented in mainstream public health and evaluation research. The lack of measures of common constructs that are validated in but not specific to this population may impede their inclusion. This article describes the use of U...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
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abstract::A needs assessment is a research and planning activity designed to determine a community's service needs and utilization patterns. One of the most practical ways to plan services is to gather information accurately about a defined population and use that information to revise existing programs or develop new ones. Unf...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The versatility, speed, and reduced costs with which web surveys can be conducted with clinicians are often offset by low response rates. Drawing on best practices and general recommendations in the literature, we provide an evidence-based overview of methods for conducting online surveys with providers. We highlight ...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278713496630
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical decisions, including physicians' prescribing behaviors, are shaped by a complex interplay of clinical and nonclinical factors. We aim to determine how physician, patient, and relationship characteristics influence physicians' decisions to accommodate brand-name prescription drug requests. We applied multivaria...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
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abstract::Reporting of incidents or near incidents because of medical devices in French hospitals relies on procedures following European and national guidelines. The authors intend to evaluate hospital staff knowledge on these surveillance procedures as a marker of appropriate application. A telephone survey is conducted on a ...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, we review three innovative methods: multiform protocols, visual analog scaling, and the retrospective pretest-posttest design that can be used in evaluation research. These three techniques have been proposed for decades, but unfortunately, they are still not utilized readily in evaluation research. O...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::People with psychiatric disabilities need to be able to express their views about their support, for example, the provision of meaningful activity in supported accommodation. Brief scales may be necessary to avoid strain and discomfort for this group. The aim was to develop a brief version of Perceived Meaning in Acti...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Survey administrators face trade-offs between expending additional survey resources to maximize response rates versus using fewer resources and accepting lower response rates. Using data from the Community Tracking Study's Physician Survey, we examined how survey estimates and data quality changed as additional respon...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
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abstract::The Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program was designed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to develop processes and infrastructure for clinical and translational research throughout the United States. The CTSA initiative now funds 61 institutions. In 2012, the National Center for Advancing Tra...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278713499586
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In modern democracies, societal objectives are pluralistic, varied, and often mutually conflicting. Consequently, cost-benefit analysts have considerable scope for defining societal objectives in a manner most suitable for advocating their clients' programs. Three different therapies for a hypothetical disease are con...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Many studies have been compiled which report patient characteristics and patterns in the utilization of health care services. Very little information is available on the characteristics of patients who refuse services in a particular program. This article employs a sample of 246 home health care patients to describe t...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327878200500205
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278710379222
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journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278719839435
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abstract::Sample-size planning historically has been approached from a power analytic perspective in order to have some reasonable probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis. Another approach that is not as well-known is one that emphasizes accuracy in parameter estimation (AIPE). From the AIPE perspective, sample s...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278703255242
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prevalence of hepatitis C (HCV) in injection drug users (IDUs) is high and once HCV has been detected, follow-up medical care is essential. Six hundred and one current and former IDUs who tested positive for HCV antibodies received referrals for medical care. Twenty-four percent (147) of participants returned to be in...
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journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
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journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/016327879802100104
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journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
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abstract::This article describes the Joint Commission's implementation plans, experience, and results to date of incorporating performance measurement data into the accreditation process. These plans have evolved in response to changes in the health care environment, feedback from accredited organizations, and both technical an...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/016327879902200301
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Survey response rates for physicians are falling generally, and surveys of physicians tend to have lower response rates than those of the general population. To maximize response, respondents are often given a choice of modes in which to respond. The aim of this article is to describe mode response patterns and identi...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
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abstract::Given concerns about survey nonresponse bias as well as the need to plan resources for participant recruitment, this study tracked each step of the recruitment process (location, response, consent, and completion) of sociodemographically diverse older women for a survey concerning mammography experience. Younger, less...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
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abstract::A questionnaire was distributed at the American Association of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome's biannual convention in Washington in January 2001 as well as through various Internet Web sites and listserves during early February and March of 2001. The sample consisted of 432 respondents. Most respondents (86%) indicated the...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
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abstract::This article presents a discussion of the pitfalls of sloppy science as it is applied to the evaluation of human service programs. The differences are examined between use of the scientific method and trial-and-error approaches to assessment. The major requirements for sound research are presented, as are the pitfalls...
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