Abstract:
:Levels of alcohol consumption tend to be similar for individuals living in the same household. This may be because: (a) individuals with similar characteristics collect in households (correlated effects); (b) individuals in the same household are influenced by common factors (exogenous effects); and/or (c) the consumption levels of an individual directly influences the consumption levels of other individuals in the same household (endogenous effects). Whichever of these three possibilities is the principal reason underlying household clustering of consumption levels has important policy implications. In this paper we propose a testing strategy to distinguish between the three types of effect in a cross-sectional data-set. Allowing for exogenous or endogenous effects shows that the significant socio-economic gradient in a model containing only individual variables arises because of misspecification. However, because we find significant evidence of correlated effects, we cannot identify whether it is endogenous or exogenous effects which give rise to statistically significant group level variables. The results indicate the possible pitfalls of omitting group level influences.
journal_name
Health Econjournal_title
Health economicsauthors
Rice N,Sutton Mdoi
10.1002/(sici)1099-1050(199812)7:8<689::aid-hec385subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-12-01 00:00:00pages
689-99issue
8eissn
1057-9230issn
1099-1050pii
10.1002/(SICI)1099-1050(199812)7:8<689::AID-HEC385journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HEALTH ECONOMICS文献大全abstract::In this paper, I use nationally representative longitudinal data to examine adolescent depression and educational attainment. First, I examine the individual, family, and community-level determinants of adolescent depression, diagnosis, and treatment. I find that male and minority adolescents who score high on depress...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1319
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::I exploit substantial increases in the earned income tax credit to study how a policy-driven change in family income affects childhood obesity. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, my difference-in-differences estimates indicate that the probability of being obese increased by 3 percentage points amon...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3658
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using the latest published data from Tobacco Advisory Council surveys, this paper re-evaluates the question of whether or not increases in cigarette taxation are regressive in the United Kingdom. The extended data set shows no evidence of increasing price-elasticity by social class as found in a major previous study. ...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.4730010406
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the results from two surveys designed to explore whether an application of Harsanyi's principle of choice form behind a veil of ignorance (VEI) can be used in order to measure the health of populations. This approach was tentatively recommended by Murray et al. (Bull. World Health Organ 2000; 78: 981-994; Su...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.887
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has provided millions of Americans with medical insurance but may have led to an increase in retirement among older individuals who are utilizing the newly available coverage options as a substitute for employer-provided insurance. Using data from the American Community Survey from 2009-2...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3959
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluates the welfare benefits of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), the main public health insurance plan for the rural population in China. The findings show that the value of the NCMS to recipients is slightly lower than the government's costs of implementation, ranging from 0.79 to 0.97 per RMB ...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3985
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study exploits a natural experiment in the province of Ontario, Canada, to identify the impact of pay-for-performance (P4P) incentives on the provision of targeted primary care services and whether physicians' responses differ by age, size of patient population, and baseline compliance level. We use administrativ...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.2971
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Empirical estimates of price elasticities of demand (PED) for pharmaceuticals suggest that they are relatively price inelastic. However, in many settings, a medication and its substitutes and complements face simultaneous differential changes in prices that affect the observed "composite" PED. We exploit an implementa...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3801
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Appendectomy is a common and relatively simple procedure to remove an inflamed appendix, but the rate of appendectomy varies widely across Europe. This paper investigates factors that explain differences in resource use for appendectomy. We analysed 106,929 appendectomy patients treated in 939 hospitals in 10 European...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.2836
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the convergent validity of the contingent valuation method (CVM) and travel cost method (TCM) is tested by comparing estimates of the willingness to pay (WTP) for improving access to mammographic screening in rural areas of Australia. It is based on a telephone survey of 458 women in 19 towns, in which ...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.651
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Each of Canada's ten provinces has a publicly administered system of health insurance, funded by provincial and federal taxes, that is accessible to all citizens and covers all medically necessary services provided by physicians and hospitals. Canadians spend an estimated 9.2 percent of their gross national product on...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.4730010206
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacy acquisition costs for prescription (Rx ) drugs have been trending below levels implied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) Consumer Price Index for Rx drugs, with the divergence higher when generic approvals are high. Dropping the first 6 months of generic sales from price indices calculated from pharmac...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.4165
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Outpatient visit co-payments have increased in recent years. We estimate the patient response to a price change for specialty care, based on a co-payment increase from $15 to $50 per visit for veterans with hypertension. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS:A retrospective cohort of veterans required to pay co-pay...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1759
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health economic decision models are based on specific assumptions relating to model structure and parameter estimation. Validation of these models is recommended as an indicator of reliability, but is not commonly reported. Furthermore, models derived from different data and employing different assumptions may produce...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1444
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The assessment of health states considered to be worse than dead is a controversial issue. OBJECTIVE:To investigate how health states are valued when they are close to dead. Differences between adjacent states are compared with the differences between the first positive/first negative state with death. MET...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.986
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple parties influence the choice of facility for hospital-based inpatient and outpatient services. The patient is the central figure, but their choice of facility is guided by their physician and influenced by hospital characteristics. This study estimated changes in referral patterns for inpatient admissions and...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3160
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successful supply-side interdictions into illegal drug markets are predicated on the responsiveness of drug prices to enforcement and the price elasticity of demand for addictive drugs. We present causal estimates that targeted interventions aimed at methamphetamine input markets ('precursor control') can temporarily ...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3213
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Earned Income Tax Credit is the largest antipoverty program in the USA. In 1993, the Earned Income Tax Credit benefit levels were changed significantly based on the number of children in the family such that families with two or more children experienced an exogenous expansion in their incomes. Using data from the...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.2886
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Finland, municipal health care expenditure varies from FIM 3 800 per capita to FIM 7 800 per capita. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of different economic, structural and demographic factors on the per capita costs of health services and care of the elderly. Using regression analysis we attem...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.4730040305
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) of behavioral interventions typically use physical outcome criteria. However, any progress in cognitive antecedents of behavior change may be seen as a beneficial outcome of an intervention. The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility and validity of incorporating cognitive p...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3119
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is an increasing use of the discrete choice experiment (DCE) method in health care to estimate preferences of individuals and the public for different services. Despite this increasing use, there are few studies that investigate the validity of the DCE in health. This study investigates the external validity of ...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3076
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To keep elder employees in the labour force, introducing age-dependent job conditions can be a policy measure. However, we know little about the effect of such initiatives. We investigate the effects of a particular programme in Norway that reduces the workload of teachers at age 55 but maintains the same wage. Evalua...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.4002
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last 20 years, acute-care hospitals in most OECD countries have built up costly overcapacities. From the perspective of economic policy, it is desirable to know how hospitals of different ownership forms respond to changes in demand and are probably best suited to deal with existing overcapacities. This artic...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1624
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is commonly argued that there is a mismatch between drug innovation and disease burden, there is little evidence on the magnitude and direction of such disparities. In this paper, we measure inequality in innovation, by comparing research and development activity with population health and gross domestic p...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3833
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Social accountability programs are increasingly used to improve the performance of public service providers in low-income settings. Despite their growing popularity, evidence on the effectiveness of social accountability programs remains mixed. In this manuscript, we assess the impact of a social accountability interv...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.4219
更新日期:2021-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::In 1996, free choice of health insurers was introduced to the German social health insurance system. One objective was to increase efficiency through competition. A crucial precondition for effective competition among health insurers is that consumers search for lower-priced health insurers. We test this hypothesis by...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1167
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bidding game (BG) method of contingent valuation is one way to increase the precision of willingness to pay (WTP) estimates relative to the single dichotomous choice approach. However, there is evidence that the method may lead to incentive incompatible responses and be associated with starting point bias. While p...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.1448
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We exploit the similarity between the problem of risk adjustment with prospective reimbursement schemes in the health care sector and the problem of fair compensation analysed in the social choice literature. The starting point is the distinction between two sets of variables in the explanation of medical expenditures...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1050(199808)7:5<465::aid-hec365
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::How donor organs are allocated for transplant can affect their scarcity. In 2008, Israel's Parliament passed an Organ Transplantation Law granting priority on organ donor waiting lists to individuals who had previously registered as organ donors. Beginning in November 2010, public awareness campaigns advertised the pr...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.3328
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of the impact of tobacco prices on decisions to initiate and quit smoking have, to date, largely been restricted to developed countries. Such analyses, when set in developing countries, are complicated by the availability of a wide range of tobacco products that are nicotine substitutes for cigarettes. This st...
journal_title:Health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hec.932
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00