Abstract:
:The recent discovery that the formaldehyde conjugates of doxorubicin and daunorubicin, Doxoform and Daunoform, are cytotoxic to resistant human breast cancer cells prompted the search for hydrolytically more stable anthracycline-formaldehyde conjugates. Doxoform and Daunoform consist of two molecules of the parent drug bound together with three methylene groups, two forming oxazolidine rings and one binding the oxazolidines together at their 3'-amino nitrogens. The 4'-epimer of doxorubicin, epidoxorubicin, reacts with formaldehyde at its amino alcohol functionality to produce a conjugate, Epidoxoform, in 59% yield whose structure consists of two molecules of epidoxorubicin bound together with three methylene groups in a 1, 6-diaza-4,9-dioxabicyclo[4.4.1]undecane ring system. The structure was established from spectroscopic data and is consistent with products from reaction of simpler vicinal trans-amino alcohols with formaldehyde. Epidoxoform hydrolyzes at pH 7.3 to an equilibrium mixture with dimeric and monomeric epidoxorubicin-formaldehyde conjugates without release of formaldehyde or epidoxorubicin. The hydrolysis follows the rate law (A if B) if C + D where A (Epidoxoform) is in rapid equilibrium with B, and B is in slow equilibrium with C and D. The forward rate constant for A/B going to C+D gives a half-life of approximately 2 h at 37 degrees C. At equilibrium the mixture is stable for at least 2 days. At pH 6.0, hydrolysis proceeds with first-order kinetics to epidoxorubicin and formaldehyde with a half-life of 15 min at 37 degrees C. Epidoxoform and epidoxorubicin plus formaldehyde react with the self-complementary DNA octamer (GC)4 to yield five drug-DNA adducts which have structures analogous to the doxorubicin-DNA adducts from reaction of Doxoform with (GC)4. Epidoxoform is 3-fold more toxic to MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and greater than 120-fold more toxic to MCF-7/ADR resistant cells than epidoxorubicin. Epidoxoform in equilibrium with its hydrolysis products is greater than 25-fold more toxic to resistant cells with respect to epidoxorubicin.
journal_name
J Med Chemjournal_title
Journal of medicinal chemistryauthors
Taatjes DJ,Fenick DJ,Koch THdoi
10.1021/jm970739ssubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-04-09 00:00:00pages
1306-14issue
8eissn
0022-2623issn
1520-4804pii
jm970739sjournal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, is a member of the Tec family of kinases. BTK plays an essential role in B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signaling as well as Fcγ receptor signaling in monocytes and Fcε receptor signaling in mast cells and basophils, all of which have been implicated in th...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01088
更新日期:2016-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::A molecular model of the alpha(IIb)beta(3) integrin has been developed utilizing (i). the crystal structure of alpha(v)beta(3), (ii). homology model of the alpha(IIb) subdomain, and (iii). the docking of alpha(IIb)beta(3)/alpha(v)beta(3) dual and selective inhibitors into the putative binding sites of alpha(IIb)beta(3...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm030146j
更新日期:2003-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::The ionization and lipophilicity behavior of the antihistamine (H1-receptor antagonist) cetirizine was investigated, showing the drug to exist almost exclusively as a zwitterion in the pH region 3.5-7.5. In this pH range, its octanol/water lipophilicity is constant and low compared to cationic antihistamines (log D = ...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm9704311
更新日期:1998-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::A promising strategy for selecting synthetic targets is similarity-based searching of very large "virtual libraries", which comprise all structures accessible by linking two or three commercially available building blocks with combinatorial syntheses. To assess the general applicability of this strategy, leading struc...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm000003m
更新日期:2000-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::On the basis of the structures of several potent inhibitor molecules for gamma-aminobutryric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT) that were previously reported, six modified fluorine-containing conformationally restricted analogues were designed, synthesized, and tested as GABA-AT inhibitors. The syntheses of all six molec...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm0608715
更新日期:2006-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::Identifying local similarities in binding sites from distant proteins is a major hurdle to rational drug design. We herewith present a novel method, borrowed from computer vision, adapted to mine fragment subpockets and compare them to whole ligand-binding sites. Pockets are represented by pharmacophore-annotated poin...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00422
更新日期:2020-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::For disease network intervention, up-regulating enzyme activities is equally as important as down-regulating activities. However, the design of enzyme activators presents a challenging route for drug discovery. Previous studies have suggested that activating 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) is a promising strategy to interven...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01011
更新日期:2016-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::Various basic esters of nitrogen (2) and carbocyclic (3 and 4) analogs of cannabinoids were synthesized using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in methylene chloride. The compounds in the three series werw studied in selected pharmacological tests in mice, rats, dogs, and cats. It was shown that making the basic ester from the...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00226a002
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Through their function as epigenetic readers of the histone code, the BET family of bromodomain-containing proteins regulate expression of multiple genes of therapeutic relevance, including those involved in tumor cell growth and inflammation. BET bromodomain inhibitors have profound antiproliferative and anti-inflamm...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm5010539
更新日期:2014-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction of a nitrogen atom into the cyclohexane ring of 2-(4-phenylpiperidinyl)cyclohexanol (vesamicol, AH5183) yielded two positional isomers, 5-azavesamicol (5, prezamicol) and 4-azavesamicol (6, trozamicol). As inhibitors of vesicular acetylcholine transport, 5 and 6 were found to be 147 and 85 times less pote...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00060a005
更新日期:1993-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::Several imidazolylphenyl sulfamate and (imidazolylphenoxy)alkyl sulfamate derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as topically active carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Water solubility, pKa, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, and partition coefficient for the compounds were measured. Sulfamic acid 2-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)p...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00104a003
更新日期:1992-12-25 00:00:00
abstract::The sequence and configuration of amino acids in the cytostatic cyclic tetrapeptide WF-3161 are established as cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pip-L-Aoe-D-Phe) where Pip = pipecolic acid and Aoe = 2-amino-8-oxo-9,10-epoxydecanoic acid. In chloroform, WF-3161 adopts a conformation with a possible gamma-turn between Leu NH and Aoe C = O ...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00161a046
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of 1-[1-(3,4-dimethoxy-1H-2-benzopyran-1-yl)alkyl]-4-arylpiperazines that shows hypotensive activity in the conscious rat has been investigated. Structure-activity relationships are described. A typical example that was investigated in greater detail is 1-[2-(3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-1H-2-benzopyran-1-yl)eth...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00343a015
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of a series of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes structurally related to juncusol (1a), a postulated phytoalexin with confirmed cytotoxic properties, are detailed. Two simple 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes, 2,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (2h, desvinyljuncusol) and 2-h...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00148a031
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::D-Alanine:D-alanine ligase (Ddl) is an essential ATP-dependent bacterial enzyme involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Discovery of Ddl inhibitors not competitive with ATP has proven to be difficult because the Ddl bimolecular d-alanine binding pocket is very restricted, as is accessibility to the active site for lar...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm3006965
更新日期:2012-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::Very few nonpeptide oxytocin agonists have currently been reported, and none of them seem suitable for the in vivo investigation of the oxytocin mediated functions. In an attempt to rationalize the design of better tools, we have systematically studied the structural determinants of the affinity and efficacy of repres...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm901084f
更新日期:2010-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-nine novel 3'-substituted derivatives of the thyroid hormone 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) have been synthesized by using established methods and by a new route involving manipulation of a 3'-formyl intermediate. In vitro hormone receptor binding (to intact nuclei) and in vivo thyromimetic activity (induction...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00396a008
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family of proteins bind acetylated lysine residues on histone proteins. The four BET bromodomains-BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT-each contain two bromodomain modules. BET bromodomain inhibition is a potential therapy for various cancers and immunoinflammatory diseases, but f...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01666
更新日期:2018-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, the synthesis of the 5.5.6. and 5.6.5. spiro bicyclic lactam PLG peptidomimetics, compounds 3 and 4, respectively, was undertaken. These peptidomimetics were designed to examine the following: (1) the effect that changing the size of the thiazolidine and lactam ring systems would have on the abil...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm980525q
更新日期:1999-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Selenosemicarbazones show marked antitumor activity. However, their mechanism of action remains unknown. We examined the medicinal chemistry of the selenosemicarbazone, 2-acetylpyridine 4,4-dimethyl-3-selenosemicarbazone (Ap44mSe), and its iron and copper complexes to elucidate its mechanisms of action. Ap44mSe demons...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01399
更新日期:2016-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::This article highlights our work toward the identification of a potent, selective, and efficacious acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) inhibitor. Rational design, guided by X-ray analysis of several inhibitors bound to human chitotriosidase (hCHIT1), led to the identification of compound 7f as a highly potent AMCase i...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01051
更新日期:2018-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::In an attempt to determine which conformational parameters are important for the biological activity of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (oCRF), we have synthesized in significant amounts (50-200 mg) and characterized chemically, structurally (CD), and biologically, oCRF analogues with substitution of each amino a...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00072a003
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modification of a series of pyrazole factor Xa inhibitors to incorporate an aminobenzisoxazole as the P(1) ligand resulted in compounds with improved selectivity for factor Xa relative to trypsin and plasma kallikrein. Further optimization of the P(4) moiety led to compounds with enhanced permeability and reduced prot...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm0497949
更新日期:2005-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::We have synthesized a set of bis-pyranobenzoquinones through a direct and highly efficient approach based on a double intramolecular domino Knoevenagel hetero Diels-Alder reaction. These bis-pyranobenzoquinone derivatives are compounds whose skeletons have similarities to those of some anticancerous and leishmanicidal...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm800403b
更新日期:2008-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::The functional in vitro study of the enantiomers of imidazolines 4-7 highlighted the role played by the nature of the ortho phenyl substituent in determining the preferred α(2C)-AR configuration. Indeed, the (S) enantiomers of 4-6 or (R) enantiomer of 7 behave as eutomers and activate this subtype as full agonists; th...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm100977d
更新日期:2010-11-11 00:00:00
abstract::Ac-Tyr298-Ala299-Gly300-Thr301-Val302-I le303-Asn304-Asp305-Leu306-OH (Ac-VZV R2-(298-306)) represents the acetylated form of the C-terminus of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) ribonucleotide reductase subunit 2 (R2). This peptide possesses a high degree of homology with the C-terminus nonapeptide of the herpes simplex vi...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00080a021
更新日期:1992-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::A novel class of 3-demethoxy-3-glycosylaminothiocolchicines (7) was prepared and tested for muscle relaxant activity. The syntheses were performed starting from the new 3-amino-3-demethoxythiocolchicine (5) prepared in good yield from 3-O-demethylthiocolchicine (1c) using the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction. The condensatio...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm060585t
更新日期:2006-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::The endogenous peptides somatostatin (SRIF) and substance P comprise very different structures. Although both bind G-protein-coupled receptors, the SRIF receptors (SSTR 1-5) recognize SRIF and related peptides which retain its beta-turn such as the potent cyclic hexapeptide SRIF agonist L-363,301 (6a), but not substan...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm960281e
更新日期:1996-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Prodrug-mediated utilization of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 to obtain the selective release of potent anticancer products within cancer tissues is a promising approach in chemotherapy. We herein report the rationale, preparation, biological evaluation, and mechanism of action of phenyl 4-(2-oxo-3-alkylimidazolidin-1...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00343
更新日期:2017-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::Seven 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine and 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-6-demethoxyacronycine esters and diesters were synthesized via osmic oxidation of acronycine or 6-demethoxyacronycine followed by acylation. The 6-demethoxyacronycine derivatives were found to be inactive, whereas in contrast, all of the acronycin...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm9602975
更新日期:1996-11-22 00:00:00