Abstract：
:Some commercial preparations of common natural conjugated bile salts contain impurities (e.g., amines, lipids, and calcium) that are likely to affect their physicochemical properties. A method was developed for purifying commercial preparations of sodium salts of glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids. The method consists of passage of a dilute aqueous solution of the sodium bile salt through three columns in sequence: graphitized carbon, a hydrophobic bonded octadecylsilane (C18) cartridge, and a calcium-chelating resin. The final solution was extracted with chloroform, and the purified bile salt was then isolated by freeze-drying, with a yield of 65-75%. Each bile salt purified by this method was compared with the corresponding bile salt purified by conventional adsorption chromatography on a silicic acid column, using a mixture of methanol and chloroform as eluant. Purity was assessed by visible spectra, by surface tension measurements (using the maximum bubble-pressure method and a Wilhelmy wire method), by chloroform extractability of impurities in the conjugated bile acid, by liposome solubilization, and by chemical analysis of the calcium content. Both purification methods removed colored and surface-active impurities, but the new method was always as or more effective than silicic acid column chromatography. Calcium ion, present in commercial bile salts in concentrations up to 16 mmol/mol bile salt, was removed completely by the three-column method, but not by silicic acid chromatography. The new method is thus a simple, rapid, and efficient procedure for purification of the sodium salts of glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids for physicochemical measurements, in which elimination of surface-active impurities and polyvalent cations is desired.
journal_name
J Lipid Resjournal_title
Journal of lipid researchauthors
Del Vecchio S,Ostrow JD,Mukerjee P,Ton-Nu HT,Schteingart CD,Hofmann AF,Cerrè C,Roda Asubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-12-01 00:00:00pages
2639-50issue
12eissn
0022-2275issn
1539-7262journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The percentage of saturated cholesteryl esters (CEs) synthesized by human LCAT is several times higher than expected from the sn-2 acyl composition of plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC), whereas the synthesis of 20:4 CE and 22:6 CE is much lower than expected. To explain these discrepancies, we proposed that LCAT transfe...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M400197-JLR200
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymph chylomicrons of different sizes are known to be cleared at different rates, but the underlying mechanism for this effect has not been resolved. To investigate the differences in clearance rates between small and large particles, chylomicron-like lipid emulsions labeled with radioactive triolein and cholesteryl o...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to investigate the mobilization of individual fatty acids from human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo. Concentrations of individual non-esterified fatty acids were measured in arterialized plasma and in the venous drainage from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue in eight normal su...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid:protein complex containing dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as the major component. Recent studies indicate adsorbed surfactant films consist of a surface monolayer and a monolayer-associated reservoir. It has been hypothesized that the monolayer and its functionally contiguous re...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M200380-JLR200
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apolipoprotein (apo)A-I is the major protein component of HDL and the cofactor for LCAT. We describe a large Spanish kindred, living in the Mediterranean Island of Mallorca, that presents a dominant form of hypoalphalipoproteinemia. The lipid profile of this family was studied because the proband, a 40-year-old male p...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-chain fatty acids are the most important substrates for the heart. In addition, they have been shown to affect signalling pathways and gene expression. To explore the effects of long-chain fatty acids on cardiac gene expression, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were cultured for 48 h with either glucose (10 mm),...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We designed a rapid method for determining mRNA content of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes and LDL receptor (LDLR) using a ribonuclease protection assay (RPA). 32P-labeled cRNA fragments for genes of human LDLR and the enzymes HMG-CoA synthase (HMGS), HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR), mevalonate kinase (MK), farnesyl pyropho...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The factors involved in shuttling cholesterol among cellular membranes have not been defined. Using amphotericin B selection, we previously isolated Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants expressing defects in intracellular cholesterol transport. Complementation analysis among seven mutants identified one cell line, mutan...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report describes the gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS) of the trimethylsilyl ethers of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-triol with mono- or dihydroxy substitution in the side chain. Compounds with 24- and 25-unsaturation in the side chain were also studied. The gas-liquid chromatogr...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an effort to explore the feasibility of converting a lipase into an esterase by modifying the lid region, we designed and characterized two novel Rhizopus chinensis lipase variants by lid swapping. The substrate specificity of an R. chinensis lipase was successfully modified toward water-soluble substrates, that is...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M043950
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Baboons possess Lp[a] that is similar to human Lp[a], including the presence of the unique protein, apo[a]. Baboon apo[a] occurred in at least nine isoforms distinguishable by size. Isoforms were resolved by 3-12% polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoretic separation of serum proteins, and were detected with baboon a...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of fatty acids on secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (d less than 1.006 g/ml) by CaCo-2 cells was studied. Of the fatty acids studied, oleic acid (18:1) was the most potent stimulator of newly synthesized triglyceride secretion in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins followed in descending order by 18:2, ...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) is involved in the metabolism of chylomicrons and high density lipoproteins. It displays genetic polymorphism due to two co-dominant alleles apoA-IV1 and apoA-IV2. The mutation that causes the polymorphism is a G to T substitution in the third base of codon 360 in the apoA-IV2 allele whic...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new polarographic system for measurement of oxygen consumption in vitro has been constructed to minimize different types of errors. The system was built of polyamide-6, Monax glass, stainless steel, and rubber to diminish oxygen leakage and gas capacitance properties. With these materials the system was gas-tight. N...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Feeding of phytol in large doses (2-5% by weight in the diet) led to accumulation of phytanic acid in the mouse, rat, rabbit, and chinchilla, the degree of accumulation depending upon the level of dietary intake. The relative concentration of phytanic acid, expressed as a percentage of the total fatty acids, was as hi...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1966-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spontaneously transformed mouse fibroblasts (Balb/c 3T12-3 cells) displayed an increased adhesion when cultured in the presence of 10(-6) M all-trans retinol and acquired morphological characteristics of the normal phenotype. Thus it was of interest to investigate the metabolism of [15-(14)C]retinol in this system. Wi...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HDL and its major component, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), play a central role in reverse cholesterol transport. We recently reported the involvement of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI anchor) in the binding of HDL and apoA-I on human macrophages, and purified an 80 kDa HDL/apoA-I binding protein. In the pre...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M500425-JLR200
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM) species of cultured differentiated rat cerebellar granule cells and human fibroblasts were characterized by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. We identified 35 different species of Cer and 18 species of SM in human fibroblasts, and 35 different species of Cer and 9 spe...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M600344-JLR200
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhizobium chitolipooligosaccharides (CLOSs) are heterogeneous fatty acylated N-acetyl glucosamine oligomers with variations in both the polar (hydrophilic) oligosaccharide head group and the non-polar (hydrophobic) fatty acyl chain. They trigger root hair deformation and cortical cell divisions in legume roots during ...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An improved preparation of proteolipid from bovine brain white matter is described. The product obtained by repeated acetone precipitation is completely soluble in chloroform-methanol and has a fairly constant composition: 35% protein, 40% galactocerebroside, and about 25% phospholipid. ...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A photocolorimeter for rapid automatic titration of free fatty acids is described. The solvents, absolute ethanol and hexane, form a single-phase titration mixture containing Nile blue indicator. The titrant, NaOH in 60% ethanol, is delivered by a motor-driven microsyringe; as alkali is added and the titration mixture...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1966-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have demonstrated that perturbations in barrier function stimulate epidermal lipid synthesis and that this increase can be prevented by occlusive membranes. These observations suggest that epidermal lipid synthesis might be related to barrier function and raised the question whether transcutaneous wat...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays a crucial role in apoA-I lipidation, a key step in reverse cholesterol transport. cAMP induces apoA-I binding activity and promotes cellular cholesterol efflux. We investigated the role of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) dependent pathway in the regulation of cellular ...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.m200235-jlr200
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The inbred C57L strain but not the AKR strain of mice carry Lith genes that determine cholesterol gallstone susceptibility. When C57L mice are fed a lithogenic diet containing 15% fat, 1% cholesterol, and 0.5% cholic acid, gallbladder bile displays rapid cholesterol supersaturation, mucin gel accumulation, increases i...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this article we report the effects of low and high fat diets on the arterial thrombosis tendency in rats. The animal system used was the aorta loop model, in which we compared the effect of saturated (hardened coconut oil, HCO) and unsaturated (sunflower seed oil, SSO; corn oil, CO) fatty acids on the arterial thro...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have reported both positive and negative effects of culture of islets at high glucose concentrations on regulated insulin secretion. Here, we have reexamined this question in mouse islets and determined the role of changes in lipid synthesis in the effects of glucose. Glucose-stimulated insulin secret...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M700533-JLR200
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) and chylomicron retention disease (CMRD) are extremely rare recessive forms of hypobetalipoproteinemia characterized by intestinal lipid malabsorption and severe vitamin E deficiency. Vitamin E is often supplemented in the form of fat-soluble vitamin E acetate, but fat malabsorption consider...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M085043
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a constituent of plasma very low density and high density lipoproteins and is important in modulating the catabolism of remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. There are three common isoforms of apoE, designated apoE-2, E-3, and E-4, which are coded by three separate alleles (epsil...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The apolipoprotein (apo) B-100-specific monoclonal antibody MB47 has been widely used in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis research. When bound to apoB-100 on low density lipoproteins (LDL), antibody MB47 completely blocks the binding of LDL to the LDL receptor. The epitope for antibody MB47 has previously be...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytolipin R, a ceramide tetrahexoside isolated from rat lymphosarcoma, was studied by sequential hydrolysis with specific glycosidases which revealed the anomeric configurations of the glycosidic bonds. Sugar linkages were established by combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of the partially methyla...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1972-07-01 00:00:00
