A molecular basis for human hypersensitivity to aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Abstract:

:We have investigated the distribution of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in a rare maternally transmitted genetic trait that causes hypersensitivity to aminoglycoside antibiotics, in the hope that a characterization of its molecular basis might provide a molecular and cellular understanding of aminoglycoside-induced deafness (AGD). Here we report that the frequency of a particular mitochondrial DNA polymorphism, 1555G, is associated nonrandomly with aminoglycoside-induced deafness in two Japanese pedigrees, bringing the frequency of this polymorphism to 5 occurrences in 5 pedigrees of AGD, and in 4 of 78 sporadic cases in which deafness was thought to be the result of aminoglycoside exposure; both frequencies are significantly different from the occurrence of this mutation in the hearing population, which was 0 in 414 individuals surveyed. The 1555G polymorphism occurred in none of 34 aminoglycoside-resistant individuals. We propose a specific molecular mechanism for aminoglycoside hypersensitivity in individuals carrying the 1555G polymorphism, based on the three-dimensional structure of the ribosome, in which the 1555G polymorphism favors aminoglycoside binding sterically, by increasing access to the the ribosome cleft.

journal_name

Nucleic Acids Res

journal_title

Nucleic acids research

authors

Hutchin T,Haworth I,Higashi K,Fischel-Ghodsian N,Stoneking M,Saha N,Arnos C,Cortopassi G

doi

10.1093/nar/21.18.4174

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1993-09-11 00:00:00

pages

4174-9

issue

18

eissn

0305-1048

issn

1362-4962

journal_volume

21

pub_type

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