Abstract:
:The axon initial segment of cortical principal neurones contains an organelle consisting of two to four stacks of flat, membrane-delineated cisternae alternating with electron-dense, fibrillar material. These cisternal organelles are situated predominantly close to the synaptic junctions of GABAergic axo-axonic cell terminals. To examine the possibility that the cisternal organelle is involved in Ca2+ sequestration, we tested for the presence of Ca(2+)-ATPase in the cisternal organelles of pyramidal cell axons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry using antibodies to muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase revealed immunoreactivity associated with cisternal organelle membranes. The localisation of Ca(2+)-ATPase in cisternal organelles was also confirmed by enzyme cytochemistry, which produced reaction product in the lumen of the cisternae. These experiments provide evidence for the presence of a Ca2+ pump in the cisternal organelle membrane, which may play a role in the sequestration and release of Ca2+. Cisternal organelles are very closely aligned to the axolemma and the outermost cisternal membrane is connected to the plasma membrane by periodic electron-dense bridges as detected in electron micrographs. It is suggested that the interface acts as a voltage sensor, releasing Ca2+ from cisternal organelles upon depolarisation of the axon initial segment, in a manner similar to the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle. The increase in intra-axonal Ca2+ may regulate the GABAA receptors associated with the axo-axonic cell synapses, and could affect the excitability of pyramidal cells.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Benedeczky I,Molnár E,Somogyi Pdoi
10.1007/BF00228742subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
216-30issue
2eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Evidence suggests that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients produce large spatial errors when reaching to proprioceptively defined targets. Here, we examined whether these movement inaccuracies result mainly from impaired use of proprioceptive inputs for movement planning mechanisms or from on-line movement guidance. Med...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4343-4
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Double-labeling combined with elution-restaining immunofluorescence techniques were used to analyze the extent of coexistence among the peptides cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide histidine-isoleucine (PHI)/vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P and the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00250598
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depending on individual lesion location and extent, reorganization of the human motor system has been observed with a high interindividual variability. In addition, variability of forces exerted, of motor effort, and of movement strategies complicates the interpretation of functional imaging studies. We hypothesize th...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-001-0981-9
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that visual expectation and attention modulate object perception. Yet, the mechanisms underlying these top-down influences are not completely understood. Event-related potentials (ERPs) indicate late contributions of expectations to object processing around the P2 or N2. This is true independent of wh...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4362-1
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perception of whether a given behavior is possible typically reflects a person's action capabilities even before the behavior is performed and even when the person has undergone recent changes to their action capabilities. Importantly, perception of affordances for a given behavior also reflects impending changes to a...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3104-x
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory experience during perinatal life and adulthood modifies physiological and anatomical characteristics of the central nervous system. So far, this phenomenon has been studied in situations of complete or partial sensory deprivation. We here report that increased sensory stimulation, during four days, of a number...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00230256
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells in cat's area 17 respond optimally if elongated contrasts are presented at a certain angle or orientation with respect to the retina, or to the visual field, respectively (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962). The preferred orientation and the range of orientation sensitivity of cells in close proximity to one another have b...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00234062
更新日期:1975-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::In everyday life, we often use graphical interfaces where the visual space is mapped to the motor space with a visuomotor gain called the control display gain. One of the key objectives in the field of Human Computer Interaction is to design this control display gain so as to enhance users' performance. Although the c...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05856-1
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The brain needs information about the size of the body to control our interactions with the environment. No receptor signals this information directly; the brain must determine body size from multiple sensory inputs and then store this information. This process is poorly understood, but somatosensory information is th...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4249-1
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study exploited the alterations in pedal speed and joints kinematics elicited by changing crank length (CL) to test how altered task mechanics during cycling will modulate the muscle activation characteristics in human rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris long head (BF), soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA). Ki...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1561-y
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study represents the first systematic comparison of the relative contributions of auditory and visual feedback to sequence production. Participants learned an isochronous melody that they performed on a keyboard and attempted to perform this sequence at a prescribed rate while auditory and visual feedback were ma...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3289-z
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accomplishment of mature locomotor movements relies upon the integrated coordination of the lower and upper limbs and the trunk. Human adults normally swing their arms and a quadrupedal limb coordination persists during bipedal walking despite a strong corticospinal control of the upper extremities that allows to ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-018-5201-y
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Grasping using two forelimbs in opposition to one another is evolutionary older than the hand with an opposable thumb (Whishaw and Coles in Behav Brain Res 77:135-148, 1996); yet, the mechanisms for bimanual grasps remain unclear. Similar to unimanual grasping, the localization of matching stable grasp points on an ob...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3643-9
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::When asked to identify the position of a sound, listeners can report its perceived location as well as their subjective certainty about this spatial judgement. Yet, research to date focused primarily on measures of perceived location (e.g., accuracy and precision of pointing responses), neglecting instead the phenomen...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05748-4
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was used in three experiments to measure the properties of long-latency intracortical inhibition (LICI) acting on the relaxed first dorsal interosseus muscle of the left and right hand in right-handed volunteers. The experiments show that LICI is asymmetrical: it emerges ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0349-2
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following an almost total chemical lesion of the inferior olive, the inhibitory control of the cerebellar Purkinje cells upon their target neurones, mainly in Deiters nucleus, remains practically unchanged. This result is at variance with some recent findings having important implications in the cerebellar theories of...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236909
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research has suggested that altering the perceived shape and size of the body image significantly affects perception of somatic events. The current study investigated how multisensory illusions applied to the body altered tactile perception using the somatic signal detection task. Thirty-one healthy volunteers were as...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4384-8
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several types of continuous human movements comply with the so-called Two-Thirds Power Law (2/3-PL) stating that velocity (V) is a power function of the radius of curvature (R) of the endpoint trajectory. The origin of the 2/3-PL has been the object of much debate. An experiment investigated further this issue by comp...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-016-4569-9
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pain serves to protect against bodily threat, and therefore initiates protective responses such as attending toward threat-relevant information. Since pain is often exacerbated by executing movements, these motor actions may serve as cues for pain. Up to date, however, pain-related attention during movement remains la...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05790-2
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study explored the directional specificity of fear of falling (FoF) effects on the stabilizing function of anticipatory postural adjustments (APA). Participants (N = 71) performed a series of lateral leg raises from an elevated surface in three conditions: in the "Control condition", participants stood at the mid...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4471-x
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The contribution of ventral stream information to the variability of movement has been the focus of much attention, and has provided numerous researchers with conflicting results. These results have been obtained through the use of discrete pointing movements, and as such, do not offer any explanation regarding how ve...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0453-3
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigated how valence, arousal, and subjective liking of music affect visually induced motion sickness (VIMS). VIMS is a common side effect when interacting with virtual environments, resulting in discomfort, dizziness, and/or nausea. Music has previously been shown to reduce VIMS, but the precise...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05871-2
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human sensorimotor synchronization is flexible but subject to temporal constraints. Previous research has shown that musicians tend to lose synchrony with target tones in an isochronous sequence when the sequence rate exceeds 8-10 Hz, presumably because phase correction ceases to function. The present study investigat...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2462-5
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to navigate efficiently, animals can benefit from internal representations of their moment-to-moment orientation. Head-direction (HD) cells are neurons that discharge maximally when the head of a rat is oriented in a specific ("preferred") direction in the horizontal plane, independently from position or ongo...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210000365
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of both kinesthetic and auditory feedback for control of voice fundamental frequency (F0). In the present study, a possible interaction between auditory feedback and kinesthetic feedback for control of voice F0 was tested by administering local anesthetic to the vocal ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1330-z
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is known that kittens reared in ways that restrict movement while visual stimulation is received exhibit deficits in visually guided behavior. Presumably, the behavioral dysfunction is due to a lack of sensorimotor coordination during visual exposure. The current investigation was undertaken to study this effect bo...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238794
更新日期:1978-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) induces cortical excitability changes in animals and humans that can last beyond the duration of stimulation. Preliminary evidence suggests that tDCS may have an analgesic effect; however, the timing of these effects, especially when associated with consecutive sessions o...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3149-x
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of kinaesthetic afferences in controlling coupling of voluntary oscillation of the hand and foot, both in-phase and anti-phase, was investigated by modifying the mechanical properties of one of the two segments (the hand) with applied inertial or elastic loads. Loads consisted of a lead disk, rotating coaxial...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210100762
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of radial (near-far) and vertical (upper-lower) dimensions on lateral visuo-spatial neglect was studied using two horizontal line-bisection tasks (one motor and one perceptual). A group of 15 patients with neglect and a group of 14 right-brain damaged patients without neglect were examined. This latter g...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210000580
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Saccadic eye movements made to remembered locations in the dark show a distinct up-shift in macaque monkey, and slight upward bias in humans (Gnadt et al. 1991). This upward bias created in the visual spatial mapping of a saccade may be translated downstream in a hand/touch movement. This error could possibl...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-004-2033-8
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00