Abstract:
:1 To assess the potential hazards of nitrazepam therapy of insomnia in the elderly, adverse reactions to nitrazepam were studied in 2111 hospitalized medical patients who received the drug. 2 Manifestations of unwanted central nervous system (CNS) depression (such as drowsiness or 'hangover') were reported in 49 nitrazepam recipients (2.3%), and signs of unwanted CNS stimulation (such as nightmares, insomnia, agitation, etc.) in 15 (0.7%). None of the adverse reactions were considered serious. 3 Physician-rated clinical efficacy of nitrazepam was not related to dose, but the frequency of both types of adverse reactions increased significantly at higher daily doses. CNS depression also was significantly more frequent in the elderly, being reported in 11% of those aged 80 years or older, whereas the frequency of CNS stimulation was not correlated with age. 4 The effect of age on the reported rate of unwanted CNS depression was most striking at high doses. Among patients aged 80 years or over whose daily dose averaged 10 mg or more, 55% experienced unwanted CNS depression attributed to nitrazepam. 5 Low doses of nitrazepam are safe for elderly individuals, but the elderly are readily susceptible to excessive CNS depression at high doses. The findings suggest that there is little reason to exceed 5mg doses of nitrazepam for most patients, particularly those who are elderly.
journal_name
Br J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Greenblatt DJ,Allen MDdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2125.1978.tb01646.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1978-05-01 00:00:00pages
407-13issue
5eissn
0306-5251issn
1365-2125journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The effects of ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol were examined in two studies. In the first study, pharmacokinetics of single doses of metoprolol were examined in six subjects before, during and after ranitidine administration for 1 week. Peak concentrations of metoprolol were increased on ranitidine bu...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb02634.x
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To examine the impact on heart rate variability (HRV), of agonism or antagonism at the cardiac beta2-adrenoceptor in healthy volunteers, using standard time-domain summary statistics and non-linear methods (scatterplot and quadrant analysis). METHODS:Under double-blind and randomised conditions (Latin square desi...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00862.x
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) is a relatively new discipline within modelling and simulation that has gained wide attention over the past few years. The application of QSP models spans drug-target identification and validation, through all drug development phases as well as clinical applications. Due to thei...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/bcp.14451
更新日期:2020-07-04 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The purposes of this work were to: (1) compare pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for hydroxycarbamide in children receiving their first dose (HCnew ) vs. those receiving chronic therapy (HCchronic ), (2) assess the external validity of a published PK dosing strategy, and (3) explore the accuracy of dosing strategies...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/bcp.13426
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To determine whether topical ocular chloramphenicol increases the risk of aplastic anaemia and to estimate the magnitude of this risk, if any. METHODS:Population-based prospective case-control surveillance of aplastic anaemia in a community of 4.2 million inhabitants from 1980 to 1995 (67.2 million person-years) ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00773.x
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The antisecretory responses to pH-feedback controlled (maximum dose 800 mg 24 h-1) and fixed-dose (0.25 mg kg-1 h-1) continuous infusions of ranitidine were compared in a randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in 10 healthy male volunteers. 2. To assess tolerance during repeated dosing with ranitidine, th...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1992.tb04075.x
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This double-blind study in 60 hospitalized female patients comparing midazolam 15 mg, oxazepam 15 mg and placebo, demonstrated an inter-group difference in favour of midazolam with regard to efficacy. The sleep parameters of onset latency and duration were improved by midazolam. All three compounds were very well tole...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb02288.x
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:We compared the efficacy of melatonin and placebo as adjuvants in the withdrawal of patients from long term temazepam, zopiclone or zolpidem (here 'BZD') use. METHODS:A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was conducted in a primary health care outpatient clinic. Ninety-two men or women (≥55 years) w...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/bcp.12294
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Pupillography is a noninvasive and cost-effective method to determine autonomic nerve activity. Genetic variants in cytochrome P450 (CYP), dopamine receptor (DRD2, DRD3), serotonin receptor (HTR2A, HTR2C) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily B (ABCB1) genes, among others, were previously associated with the pharmaco...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.14300
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Prolactin levels in response to sulpiride were studied in healthy volunteers. 2 Oral doses of 1 mg-50 mg sulpiride or placebo were given. 3 A 3 mg sulpiride dose produced similar levels to those achieved with both 10 mg and 50 mg. 4 Circadian effects were studied showing no significant differences in the prolactin r...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03153.x
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Labetalol, a new drug combining alpha-and beta-adrenoceptor blocking properties, has been compared with placebo in a double-blind crossover study of a group of patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (blood pressure 150/100 to 189/114 mmHg). 2. Labetalol and propranolol lowered blood pressure satisfac...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00898.x
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To assess the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) use in a population of community-based multicompartment compliance aid (MCA) users in north-east Scotland. METHODS:Data for MCAs dispensed by 48 of the 50 community pharmacies in Aberdeen City between 1st June to 31st October 2014, together ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.13220
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of separate 7 day pretreatments with sulphinpyrazone (800 mg daily) and cimetidine (1 g daily) on the disposition of (+/-)-verapamil have been examined in eight healthy volunteers (four male, four female). Each subject received single oral (80 mg) and intravenous (0.15 mg/kg) doses of verapamil on differen...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb02658.x
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of a high potency antacid and food on the bioavailability of famotidine was studied in 17 healthy volunteers in an open randomized three-way cross-over trial. After an overnight fast, famotidine was administered to each subject as follows: 40 mg famotidine orally alone; 40 mg orally with antacid; and 40 mg ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03211.x
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To investigate impacts of withdrawal and regulatory advice regarding cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors on UK population rates of gastrointestinal haemorrhage and acute myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS:Ecological time series study of prescribing, mortality and hospital admission trends in people aged > or = 5...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03500.x
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To characterize the pharmacokinetics of the dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor GI198745 (dutasteride) to allow for more accurate predictions of GI198745 concentrations after different dosing schedules. METHODS:In this randomized, single-blind, parallel group study, 32 healthy male volunteers received single oral dos...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00843.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The single dose pharmacokinetics of orally administered nimodipine (60 mg) were investigated in normal subjects and in two groups of epileptic patients receiving chronic treatment with hepatic microsomal enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, phenobarbitone or phenytoin) and sodium valproate, respectively....
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1991.tb03908.x
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of single oral doses of atenolol 50 mg and xamoterol 200 mg (a recently developed partial beta 1-adrenoceptor agonist) on lung function, heart rate and blood pressure were investigated in 11 patients with asthma. Xamoterol caused a significant increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure, which chang...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02940.x
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03884.x
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Isoxicam was found to inhibit monocyte and neutrophil cell chemotaxis at therapeutic concentrations. 2 The effect was observed after in vitro incubation of normal cells and in vivo in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 3 Compared to other NSAIDs studied in our laboratory, isoxicam was shown to have a broader spectr...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02991.x
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The degrees of interactions between the H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine, and several beta-adrenoceptor blockers were investigated in healthy volunteers following 7 days of oral monotherapy with penbutolol, propranolol, metoprolol, pindolol and atenolol, and after co-administration with each of the H...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02428.x
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many endoscopy units midazolam is replacing diazepam as the intravenous sedative of first choice. Midazolam is approximately twice as potent as diazepam. Although generally considered a safe drug, there have been a number of recent reports, particularly in the elderly, of the drug causing hypotension, respiratory d...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03037.x
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Aprepitant and fosaprepitant, commonly used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, alter cytochrome P450 activity. This systematic review evaluates clinically significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions with aprepitant and fosaprepitant and describes adverse events ascribed to drug inter...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1111/bcp.13322
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To characterize the absorption kinetics and bioavailability of an inhaled hydrophilic solute deposited at various sites within the airways. METHODS:Nine healthy nonsmokers received one intravenous, one oropharyngeal and two pulmonary doses of technetium-99 m-labelled diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02835.x
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To develop a population pharmacokinetic model for mycophenolic acid (MPA) in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), identify covariates that explain variability and determine the Bayesian estimator of the area under the concentration-time curve over 12 h (AUC(0-...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03615.x
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The pharmacokinetics of physostigmine were investigated in a three-way cross-over design in six healthy, male volunteers comparing a physostigmine transdermal system (PTS), an oral solution and an i.v. infusion. 2. A single application of the patch over 24 h produced detectable plasma drug concentrations after a me...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04410.x
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A questionnaire examining the use of, and knowledge about over-the-counter (OTC) drugs was administered verbally to representatives from 200 urban and 200 rural households. Self-medication was common in both groups but there were more drugs present in rural (336 items) than urban homes (231 items) with the differen...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03435.x
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frequency distributions of the 0-8 h urinary metabolic ratios of debrisoquine and mephenytoin were measured in 111 healthy, unrelated Sinhalese resident in Sri Lanka. Blood samples were taken from 77 of these subjects for CYP2D6 genotyping. Bimodality in the distribution of the log10 debrisoquine/4-hydroxydebrisoq...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04384.x
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is of great importance in pharmacology because it catalyzes the metabolism (methylation) of endogenous and xenobiotic catechols. Moreover, inhibition of COMT is the drug target in the management of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Parkinson's disease due to its role in...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/bcp.12169
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cefpiramide is a new parenteral cephalosporin mainly excreted in the bile. Eight patients with cholestasis and 11 healthy subjects received a single 1 g i.v. dose. Cefpiramide concentrations in plasma and urine were measured by h.p.l.c. and plasma binding was determined by ultrafiltration. Total clearance of cefpirami...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04278.x
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00