Abstract:
:This report reviews the fundamental principles and the changing concepts of nerve stimulation techniques, and discusses the proper application of these techniques in the differential diagnosis of peripheral nerve disorders. Nerve conduction studies help delineate the extent and distribution of the neural lesion and distinguish two major categories of peripheral nerve disease: demyelination and axonal degeneration. Although the method is based on simple principles, pitfalls abound in practice. Variability in nerve conduction measurement may result from temperature change, variations among nerve segments, and the effects of age. Other sources of error include excessive spread of stimulation current, anomalous innervation, temporal dispersion, and inaccuracy of surface measurement. Unlike a bipolar derivation, which selectively records near-field potentials, a referential recording may give rise to stationary far-field peaks from a moving source. Overlooking this possibility can lead to an incorrect interpretation of findings. Conventional nerve conduction studies deal primarily with measurements of the distal nerve segments in an extremity. More recent techniques are applicable to less accessible anatomical regions, as illustrated by elicitation of the blink reflex, F wave, and H reflex, and the use of the inching technique. Other methods used to assess special aspects of nerve conduction include the ischemic test and studies of slow-conducting fibers.
journal_name
Ann Neuroljournal_title
Annals of neurologyauthors
Kimura Jdoi
10.1002/ana.410160402subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-10-01 00:00:00pages
415-29issue
4eissn
0364-5134issn
1531-8249journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To study the distribution of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) in human nervous tissue and in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, we used paraffin sections and our modification of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Sections of MS lesions also were treated with antiserum to basic protein (BP) and with histologica...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410070212
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The blood-brain barrier is a natural diffusion barrier, which expresses active carriers extruding drugs on their way to the brain back into the blood against concentration gradients. Whereas these so-called adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporters prevent the brain entry of toxic compounds under phys...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ana.21012
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past decade has seen advances in the management of patients with epilepsy. The development of practical long-term electroencephalographic techniques, with or without simultaneous video recording, has increased the accuracy of diagnosis of seizure types. The technique also provides clinicians and investigators with...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ana.410090103
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:MRI-negative (MRI-) pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy (PFE) patients are most challenging for epilepsy surgical management. This study utilizes a voxel-based MRI postprocessing technique, implemented using a morphometric analysis program (MAP), aiming to facilitate detection of subtle focal cortical dysplasia ...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.24169
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Autosomal-dominant lateral temporal epilepsy (ADLTE) is a genetic focal epilepsy characterized by auditory symptoms. Two genes, LGI1 and RELN, encoding secreted proteins, are implicated in the etiology of ADLTE, but half of the affected families remain genetically unsolved, and the underlying molecular mechan...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.25167
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the use of a new stable isotope-labeled form of levodopa (LD) to examine in vivo central LD metabolism in Parkinson's disease (PD). Eight patients representing a wide spectrum of disease severity were administered 50 mg of carbidopa orally followed in 1 hour by an intravenous bolus of 150 mg of stable isotop...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410420305
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The long-term effects of brief but repetitive febrile seizures (FS) on memory have not been as thoroughly investigated as the impact of single and prolonged seizure in the developing brain. Using a heated-air FS paradigm, we subjected male rat pups to one, three, or nine episodes of brief FS on days 10 to 12 postpartu...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.10789
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gustatory sweating is an autonomic disorder that frequently occurs after parotid gland surgery. We investigated the action of intracutaneous injections of botulinum toxin (BTX) (1.0-2.0 mouse units/2.25-cm2 skin area) in 45 patients (mean age, 52 years) with gustatory sweating. The area of hyperhidrosis was determined...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410420619
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mucopolysaccharidoses are caused by inherited deficiencies of lysosomal enzymes involved in the degradative pathway of glycosaminoglycans. Lysosomal storage leads to cellular and organ dysfunction, including mental retardation. Storage lesions are found throughout the diseased brain, but little is known about the ...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.10373
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nineteen patients with radiologically confirmed stroke, and varying degrees of hemiparesis, were studied using somatosensory evoked potentials and the recently developed technique of transcutaneous motor cortex stimulation. The functional deficit caused by stroke was assessed at the time of evoked potential testing an...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410250111
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The seemingly unpredictable response to levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease can be understood as an interaction between several distinct pharmacological effects of levodopa. The most important are a short-duration response with a half-life of minutes to hours and a long-duration response with a half-life of ...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ana.410390504
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) commonly display evidence of gross cerebral atrophy, but its true incidence and pathophysiology in the general AIDS population are unknown. In this study, we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces in 64 consecutively autopsied patients with AIDS, compared ...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410320107
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a large family with a temporal partial epilepsy syndrome inherited in an autosomal dominant mode, with a penetrance of about 80%. This epilepsy syndrome is benign, with age of onset in the second or third decade of life. It is characterized by rare partial seizures, usually secondarily generalized, arising m...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1531-8249(199902)45:2<182::aid-ana8>3.0.co
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discussing the problem of multiple sclerosis and viruses should not be limited to reviewing the epidemiological evidence in favor, or against, a particular candidate, such as Epstein-Barr virus or human herpes virus 6. In this text, I discuss the difficulty of going from association to causation in human epidemiology;...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.22057
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Latency measurements between three potentials (waves I, III, and IV/V) of the human brainstem auditory response can allow early detection of certain posterior fossa lesions. The diagnostic use of these interwave latencies requires knowledge of what factors may prolong them in the absence of disease. Hypothermia appear...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410030416
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calmodulin is a major Ca2+ -binding protein that may mediate many Ca2+ -regulated processes in neuronal function. Calmodulin is present in the presynaptic nerve terminal in association with synaptic vesicles and in postsynaptic density fractions. Several calmodulin-regulated synaptic biochemical processes have been id...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410160716
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Thymidine kinase 2, encoded by the nuclear gene TK2, is required for mitochondrial DNA maintenance. Autosomal recessive TK2 mutations cause depletion and multiple deletions of mtDNA that manifest predominantly as a myopathy usually beginning in childhood and progressing relentlessly. We investigated the safet...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1002/ana.25506
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ferric ion-ferrocyanide (Fe-FeCN) staining was used to stain nodes of Ranvier in remyelinating central nervous system (CNS) axons following viral-induced demyelination. As at normal nodes, Fe-FeCN staining was observed on the cytoplasmic surface of the nodal axolemma of remyelinated fibers. These fibers were identifie...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410080606
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Cerebral aneurysms can cause substantial morbidity and mortality, specifically if they rupture, leading to nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This meta-analysis summarizes evidence about the accuracy of noninvasive computed tomographic (CT) angiography for diagnosing intracranial aneurysms in symptom...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/ana.22270
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various C-terminally truncated amyloid beta peptides (Abeta) are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of Abeta38, Abeta40, and Abeta42 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 30 patients with AD and 26 control subjects. CSF Abeta42 levels was decreased...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.20508
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five patients with rapidly evolving, severe weakness had an unusual myopathy with virtually complete loss of myosin in 5 to 40% of muscle fibers. Three of the 5 patients began to develop weakness 1 to 2 weeks after lung transplantation. The fourth became weak after a febrile illness. The fifth presented with diabetic ...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410350306
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Axonal degeneration is a major cause of permanent neurological deficit in multiple sclerosis (MS), but no current therapies for the disease are known to be effective at axonal protection. Here, we examine the ability of a sodium channel-blocking agent, flecainide, to reduce axonal degeneration in an experimental model...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.20045
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBF-V) measured by transcranial doppler was assessed in 628 elderly individuals who had cerebral magnetic resonance imaging performed as part of a population-based study on vascular aging. Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) were associated with low CBF-V, such as the adjusted o...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although interictal spikes are thought to share pathophysiological mechanisms with partial-onset seizure discharges, positron emission tomographic studies of the interictal state have paradoxically shown focal hypometabolism whereas seizures produce hypermetabolism. To address this question, we performed functional ma...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410350614
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The polyglutamine diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD) and multiple spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), are among the commonest hereditary neurodegenerative diseases. They are caused by expanded CAG tracts, encoding glutamine, in different genes. Longer CAG repeat tracts are associated with earlier ages ...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1002/ana.24656
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Copper toxicity contributes to neuronal death in Wilson's disease and has been speculatively linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and prion diseases. We examined copper-induced neuronal death with the goal of developing neuroprotective strategies. Copper catalyzed an increase in hydroxyl radical generation in sol...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.10276
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cause and pathophysiology of dystonia remain unknown. The recent identification of mitochondrial complex I deficiency in platelets from patients with sporadic focal dystonia suggests that a defect of energy metabolism may be relevant in a proportion of patients. We have addressed the possible contribution of mitoc...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410440218
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::During passive extension of the elbow, the triceps muscle normally shows a burst of electromyographic activity. This shortening reaction (SR) is known to be exaggerated in extrapyramidal disease states, but the effects of cerebellar disease are unknown. The SR was measured in both arms of a patient with hemiataxia, th...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410110307
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dichloroacetate (DCA) stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity and lowers cerebral lactate concentrations. In the R6/2 and N171-82Q transgenic mouse models of Huntington's disease (HD), DCA significantly increased survival, improved motor function, delayed loss of body weight, attenuated the developme...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.1085
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three-dimensional (volume) magnetic resonance angiography is a noninvasive technique that images the intracranial and cervical arterial vasculature without contrast agents. Twenty-four children with strokes had combined parenchymal magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography 1 day to 4 years after ac...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410290603
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00